Level of maternal education and performance of Black, South African infants on the 1996 Griffiths Mental DevelopmentScales

African Journal of Psychiatry (South Africa)

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 44-50

  Cockcroft, K ^a   Amod, Z ^a   Soellaart, B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Developmental assessment; Griffiths mental development scales; Maternal level of education

Indexed keywords

ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT; AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA; ARTICLE; AUDITORY SYSTEM FUNCTION; CHILD; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; CONTROLLED STUDY; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; GRIFFITH MENTAL DEVELOPMENT SCALE; HUMAN; INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT; LANGUAGE ABILITY; MALE; MENTAL DEVELOPMENT; MENTAL PERFORMANCE; MOTHER CHILD RELATION; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; RATING SCALE; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL STATUS; THINKING; INFANT; MOTHER;

HUMANS; INFANT; MOTHERS;

EID: 69949095265     PISSN: 19948220     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Brislin RW. Applied Cross-Cultural Psychology. New York: Sage Publications, Inc, 1990.
2. Nell V. Science and politics meet at last, the insurance industry and neuropsychological norms. S Afr J Psychol 1997; 27: 43-49.
3. Owen K. Test bias, the validity of the Junior Aptitude Tests for various population groups in South Africa regarding constructs measured. S Afr J Psychol 1991; 21(2): 113-118.
4. Ruhm J. Parental employment and child development. J Hum Resour 2004; XXXIX (1): 155-192.
5. Huntley M. The Griffiths Mental Development Scales: From birth to 2 years. ARICD, 1996.
6. Fitzgerald HE. Infant mental health: An interdisciplinary and international perspective for families with infants and toddlers. S Afr J Child Adol Ment Hlth 1997; 9 (2): 168-172.
7. Nell V. Standardising the WAIS-III and the WMS-III for South Africa, Legislative, psychometric and policy issues. S Afr J Psychol 1999; 29(3): 128-137.
8. Foxcroft CD. Psychological Testing in South Africa: Perspectives Regarding Ethical and Fair Practices. Eur J Psychol Assess 1997; 13 (3): 229-235.
9. Nzimande B. To test or not to test. Paper presented at the Congress of psychometrics for Psychologists and Personnel Practitioners, Pretoria 1995.
10. Sehlapelo M, Terrreblanche M. Psychometric testing in South Africa: Views from above and below. Psychology in Society 1996; 21: 49-59.
11. Plug C. In: Foxcroft CD. Psychological Testing in South Africa: Perspectives Regarding Ethical and Fair Practices. Eur J Psychol Assess 1997;13 (3): 229-235.
12. Shuttleworth-Jordan AB. On not reinventing the wheel, A clinical perspective on culturally relevant test usage. S Afr J Psychol 1996; 26: 92-102.
13. Goyen T, Lui K. Longitudinal motor development of "apparently normal" high-risk infants at 18 months, 3 and 5 years. Early Hum Dev 2002; 103-115.
14. Kriegler SM, Skuy M. (1996). Perspectives on psychological assessment in South African schools. In: Engelbrecht P, Kriegler SM & Booysen MI, eds, Perspectives on Learning difficulties: International Concerns and South African Realities. Pretoria: Van Schaik, 1996: 109-122.
15. Skuy MS, Schutte E, Fridjhon P, O'Carroll S. Suitability of published neuropsychological test norms for urban, African secondary school students in South Africa. Pers Indiv Differ 2001; 30: 1413-1425.
16. Foxcroft CD, Roodt G. An introduction to psychological assessment in the South African context (2nd Ed.). Cape Town, Oxford University Press, 2005:13-235.
17. Brooks-Gunn J. Identifying the vulnerable young children. In: Rogers DE. Ginsberg E,eds, Improving the life chances of children at risk. Plenum Press, New York, 1990: 19-58.
18. Luiz, DM, Foxcroft, CD & Povey, J. The Griffiths Mental Development Scales: A factorial validity study. S Afr J Psychol 2006; 36 (1): 192-214.
19. Griffiths R. The abilities of young children. Amersham, A.R.I.C.D, 1984.
20. Hanson R. Item reliability for the Griffiths Mental Development Scales. Child Care Hlth Dev 1982; 8: 151-161.
21. Heimes L. The comparison of the JSAIS and the Griffiths Developmental Scale scores of 3-5 year old boys and girls. Unpublished Master's thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, South Africa, 1983.
22. Allan MM. A comparison of the performance of normal preschool South African and British children on the Griffiths Mental Development Scales. Unpublished Master's thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 1988.
23. Allan MM. The performance of normal preschool South African children on the Griffith Scales of Mental Development: A Comparative Study. Unpublished Doctoral thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 1992.
24. Bhamjee RA. A comparison of the performance of normal British and South African children on the Griffiths Mental Development Scales. Unpublished Doctoral thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 1991.
25. Lombard M. The SETT and the Griffiths Mental Development Scales, A correlative study. Unpublished Master's thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 1989.
26. Luiz DM. A child with a hearing loss, A longitudinal study. In: Luiz DM, ed, Griffith Scales of Mental Development, South African studies (Research Papers No. C25). Port Elizabeth, University of Port Elizabeth 1988a: 44-51.
27. Luiz DM. A battered child: A follow up study. In D.M. Luiz (Ed.), Griffith Scales of Mental Development, South African studies (Research Papers No. C25). Port Elizabeth, University of Port Elizabeth 1988b: 52-58.
28. Luiz DM. A comparative study of two scales of language development, The Reynell and the Griffiths. In: Luiz DM, ed, Griffith Scales of Mental Development, South African studies (Research Papers No. C25). Port Elizabeth, University of Port Elizabeth, 1988c: 16-20.
29. Luiz DM. Children of South Africa: In search of a developmental profile. Inaugural and Emeritus Address. Port Elizabeth, University of Port Elizabeth 1994.
30. Luiz DM, Foxcroft CD, Stewart R. The construct validity of the Griffiths Mental Development Scales. Child Care Hlth Dev 2001; 27: 73-83.
31. Mothule VB. The Aptitude Test for Beginners and the Griffiths Mental Development Scales, An investigation into the assessment of the cognitive abilities of grade 1 children. Unpublished Master's thesis, Medical University of South Africa, Pretoria 1990.
32. Tukulu AN. The Denver II Scale and the Griffiths Mental Development Scales: A Correlational study. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Port Elizabeth 1996.
33. Kotras H. Exploring the developmental profiles of black South African HIV+ infants using the revised Griffiths Mental Development Scales. Unpublished Master's thesis, University of Port Elizabeth 2001.
34. Sweeney K. Cluster analysis of the Griffiths profiles of a white South African Clinical population. Unpublished Master's thesis, University of Port Elizabeth 1994.
35. Hindley CB. The Griffiths Mental Development Scales: Scores and predictions from 3 to 18 months. J of Child Psychol Psyc 1960; 1: 99-112.
36. Hanson R, Aldridge Smith J, Hume W. Achievements of infants on items of the Griffiths scales: 1980 compared with 1950. Child Care Hlth Dev 1985; 11: 91-104.
37. Griffiths R.The abilities of young children. London, Child Development Research Centre 1970.
38. Victora MD, Victora CG, Barros FC. "Cross-cultural:differences in development rates, a comparison between British and Brazilian children. Child Care Hlth Dev 1990; 16: 151-164.
39. Sirin SR. Socioeconomic status and academic achievement: A metaanalytic review of research. Rev Educ Res 2005; 75(3): 417-453.
40. Sattler JM. Assessment of children's intelligence and special abilities, 2nd Edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1982.
41. Foxcroft CD. The use of the Reitan-Indians Neuropsychological Test Battery in South Africa: A cross-ethnic comparison of normal preschool children. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Port Elizabeth 1985.
42. Petersen I, Eeg-Olofsson O. The development of the electroencephalogram in normal children from the age of 1 through 15 years. Neuropadiatrie 1970; 2: 247-304.
43. Population Reference Bureau. Untitled fact sheet. [cited 7 July 2006] Available from:http://www.prb.org/content/navigationMenu/Other_reports/ 20 00-2005/sheet1.html
44. Tomlinson M. Culture and infancy: a critical examination. S Afr J Child Adol Mnt Hlth 2003; 15(1): 45-48.
45. Sommerfelt K, Ellertsen B, Markestad T. Parental factors in cognitive outcome of non-handicapped low birthweight infants. Arch Dis Child 1995; 73: 135-142.
46. Dammann O, Walther H, Allers B, Schroder M, Drescher J, Llutz D. Development of a regional cohort of very low birthweight children at 6 years: Cognitive abilities are associated with neurological disability and social background. Dev Med Child Neurol 1996; 38; 97-108.
47. Hanson R, Aldridge Smith J, Hume, W. Achievements of infants on items of the Griffiths scales: 1980 compared with 1960. Child Care Hlth Dev 1987; 13:181-195.
48. Kendal, IM, Verster MA, Von Mollenendorf JW. Test performance of South African blacks. In: Irvine SH. Berry JW, eds, Human Abilities in cultural context. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988: 299-339.