메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 319-339

Broadcast and cable network news coverage of the 2004 presidential election: An assessment of partisan and structural imbalance

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 69849124685     PISSN: 15205436     EISSN: 15327825     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15205430701790990     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (23)

References (44)
  • 1
    • 16644383491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Embedding the truth: A cross-cultural analysis of objectivity and television coverage of the Iraq war
    • Aday, S., Livingston, S., & Hebert, M. (2005). Embedding the truth: A cross-cultural analysis of objectivity and television coverage of the Iraq war. Harvard Journal of Press/Politics, 10(1), 3-21.
    • (2005) Harvard Journal of Press/Politics , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-21
    • Aday, S.1    Livingston, S.2    Hebert, M.3
  • 4
    • 2542538275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Product differentiation in national TV newscasts: A comparison of the cable all-news networks
    • Bae, H. S. (2000). Product differentiation in national TV newscasts: A comparison of the cable all-news networks. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 44(1), 62-77.
    • (2000) Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media , vol.44 , Issue.1 , pp. 62-77
    • Bae, H.S.1
  • 5
    • 0036490217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partisan and structural balance in local television election coverage
    • Carter, S., Fico, F., & McCabe, J. (2002). Partisan and structural balance in local television election coverage. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 79(1), 41-53.
    • (2002) Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , vol.79 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-53
    • Carter, S.1    Fico, F.2    McCabe, J.3
  • 6
    • 70350186736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyberalert., (May 24). Retrieved May 23, 2007, from
    • Cyberalert. (2004, May 24). Five times more journalists are liberal than conservative. Retrieved May 23, 2007, from http://www.mediaresearch.org/cyberalerts/d004/cyb20040524.asp#1
    • (2004) Five Times More Journalists are Liberal Than Conservative
  • 8
    • 2942701923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of frames in political television news on issue interpretation and frame salience
    • de Vreese, C. (2004). The effects of frames in political television news on issue interpretation and frame salience. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 81(1), 36-52.
    • (2004) Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , vol.81 , Issue.1 , pp. 36-52
    • de Vreese, C.1
  • 10
    • 84972688183 scopus 로고
    • Coverage of the 1972 campaign by TV, news magazines and major newspapers
    • Evarts, D. & Stempel, G. (1974). Coverage of the 1972 campaign by TV, news magazines and major newspapers. Journalism Quarterly, 51(3), 645-676.
    • (1974) Journalism Quarterly , vol.51 , Issue.3 , pp. 645-676
    • Evarts, D.1    Stempel, G.2
  • 11
    • 33745040891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Everybody wins: Fox News Channel and CNN are often depicted as desperate rivals locked in a death match
    • Farhi, P. (2003). Everybody wins: Fox News Channel and CNN are often depicted as desperate rivals locked in a death match. American Journalism Review, 25(3), 32-37.
    • (2003) American Journalism Review , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 32-37
    • Farhi, P.1
  • 12
    • 85015341623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 1996 New Hampshire Republican primary and network news
    • Farnsworth, S. & Lichter, S. R. (2002). The 1996 New Hampshire Republican primary and network news. Politics & Policy, 30(1), 70-88.
    • (2002) Politics & Policy , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 70-88
    • Farnsworth, S.1    Lichter, S.R.2
  • 14
    • 10944241818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partisan and structural balance of local television coverage of incumbent and open gubernatorial elections
    • Fico, F., Alumit Zeldes, G., & Diddi, A. (2004). Partisan and structural balance of local television coverage of incumbent and open gubernatorial elections. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 81(3), 498-510.
    • (2004) Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , vol.81 , Issue.3 , pp. 498-510
    • Fico, F.1    Alumit, Z.G.2    Diddi, A.3
  • 15
    • 0007200478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fairness and balance of stories in newspaper coverage of the 1996 presidential election
    • Fico, F. & Cote, W. (1999). Fairness and balance of stories in newspaper coverage of the 1996 presidential election. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 76(1), 124-137.
    • (1999) Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , vol.76 , Issue.1 , pp. 124-137
    • Fico, F.1    Cote, W.2
  • 16
    • 84937386190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partisan and structural balance of news coverage of the 1998 governor's race in Michigan
    • Fico, F. & Cote, W. (2002). Partisan and structural balance of news coverage of the 1998 governor's race in Michigan. Mass Communication & Society, 5(2), 165-182.
    • (2002) Mass Communication & Society , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 165-182
    • Fico, F.1    Cote, W.2
  • 17
    • 16344367900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bureau, wire reporters write more balanced stories
    • Fico, F. & Freedman, E. (2004). Bureau, wire reporters write more balanced stories. Newspaper Research Journal, 25(2), 44-57.
    • (2004) Newspaper Research Journal , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 44-57
    • Fico, F.1    Freedman, E.2
  • 18
    • 33745290200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partisan and structural balance in newspaper coverage of U.S. Senate races in 2004 with female nominees
    • Fico, F., Freedman, E., & Love, B. (2006). Partisan and structural balance in newspaper coverage of U.S. Senate races in 2004 with female nominees. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 83(1), 43-57.
    • (2006) Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , vol.83 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-57
    • Fico, F.1    Freedman, E.2    Love, B.3
  • 19
    • 70350196069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A veteran anchor and his rookie mistakes
    • (October 4)
    • Gatehouse, J. (2004, October 4). A veteran anchor and his rookie mistakes. Maclean's, 117(40), 26.
    • (2004) Maclean's , vol.117 , Issue.40 , pp. 26
    • Gatehouse, J.1
  • 20
    • 59249099420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rude and rabidly pro-Bush. Fox News is aiming north. Is Canada ready for loudmouth TV
    • (October 4)
    • Gillis, C. (2004, October 4). Rude and rabidly pro-Bush. Fox News is aiming north. Is Canada ready for loudmouth TV? Maclean's, 117(40), 23-27.
    • (2004) Maclean's , vol.117 , Issue.40 , pp. 23-27
    • Gillis, C.1
  • 22
    • 70350211538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • St. Petersburg, FL: Freedom Forum Free Press/Fair Press Project
    • Haiman, R. (2000). Best practices for newspaper journalists. St. Petersburg, FL: Freedom Forum Free Press/Fair Press Project.
    • (2000) Best Practices for Newspaper Journalists
    • Haiman, R.1
  • 23
    • 21344498664 scopus 로고
    • Message order effects in persuasion: An attitude strength perspective
    • Haugtvedt, C. & Wegener, D. (1994). Message order effects in persuasion: An attitude strength perspective. Journal of Consumer Research, 21, 205-218.
    • (1994) Journal of Consumer Research , vol.21 , pp. 205-218
    • Haugtvedt, C.1    Wegener, D.2
  • 24
    • 17044422058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is Fox News fair
    • (March/April)
    • Hickey, N. (1998, March/April). Is Fox News fair? Columbia Journalism Review, 36(6), 30-35.
    • (1998) Columbia Journalism Review , vol.36 , Issue.6 , pp. 30-35
    • Hickey, N.1
  • 26
    • 51249191109 scopus 로고
    • The information processing capacity of modality and channel performance
    • Hsia, H. (1971). The information processing capacity of modality and channel performance. AV Communication Review, 19(1), 51-75.
    • (1971) AV Communication Review , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-75
    • Hsia, H.1
  • 27
    • 0000193774 scopus 로고
    • Filling out the racing form: How the media covered the horse race in the 1988 primaries
    • Johnson, T. (1993a). Filling out the racing form: How the media covered the horse race in the 1988 primaries. Journalism Quarterly, 70(2), 300-310.
    • (1993) Journalism Quarterly , vol.70 , Issue.2 , pp. 300-310
    • Johnson, T.1
  • 28
    • 0000005731 scopus 로고
    • The seven dwarfs and other tales: How the networks and select newspapers covered the 1988 Democratic primaries
    • Johnson, T. (1993b). The seven dwarfs and other tales: How the networks and select newspapers covered the 1988 Democratic primaries. Journalism Quarterly, 70(2), 311-320.
    • (1993) Journalism Quarterly , vol.70 , Issue.2 , pp. 311-320
    • Johnson, T.1
  • 29
    • 0036491211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Think about it this way: Attribute agenda-setting function of the press and the public's evaluation of a local issue
    • Kim, S., Scheufele, D., & Shanahan, J. (2002). Think about it this way: Attribute agenda-setting function of the press and the public's evaluation of a local issue. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 79(1), 7-25.
    • (2002) Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , vol.79 , Issue.1 , pp. 7-25
    • Kim, S.1    Scheufele, D.2    Shanahan, J.3
  • 30
    • 84970629797 scopus 로고
    • The media elite: America's new powerbrokers
    • MD: Adler & Adler
    • Lichter, R., Rothman, S., & Lichter, L. (1986). The media elite: America's new powerbrokers. Bethesda, MD: Adler & Adler.
    • (1986) Bethesda
    • Lichter, R.1    Rothman, S.2    Lichter, L.3
  • 31
    • 0000363519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sound bites, the biters and the bitten: A two campaign test of the anti-incumbent bias hypothesis in network TV news
    • Lowry, D. & Shidler, J. (1998). The sound bites, the biters and the bitten: A two campaign test of the anti-incumbent bias hypothesis in network TV news. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 75(4), 719-729.
    • (1998) Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , vol.75 , Issue.4 , pp. 719-729
    • Lowry, D.1    Shidler, J.2
  • 32
    • 0033417535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Framing effects of television news coverage of social protest
    • McLeod, D. & Detenber, B. (1999). Framing effects of television news coverage of social protest. Journal of Communication, 49(3), 3-23.
    • (1999) Journal of Communication , vol.49 , Issue.3 , pp. 3-23
    • McLeod, D.1    Detenber, B.2
  • 33
    • 70350197689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Film accuses Fox of slanting news; 'Outfoxed' leaves out network's side
    • (July 12)
    • Memmott, M. (2004a, July 12). Film accuses Fox of slanting news; 'Outfoxed' leaves out network's side. USA Today, p. A10.
    • (2004) USA Today
    • Memmott, M.1
  • 34
    • 70350206829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fox newspeople say allegations of bias unfounded
    • (September 2)
    • Memmott, M. (2004b, September 2). Fox newspeople say allegations of bias unfounded. USA Today, p. A8.
    • (2004) USA Today
    • Memmott, M.1
  • 35
    • 0242416153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Objective evidence of media bias: Newspaper coverage of congressional party switchers
    • Niven, D. (2003). Objective evidence of media bias: Newspaper coverage of congressional party switchers. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 80(2), 331-326.
    • (2003) Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , vol.80 , Issue.2 , pp. 331-326
    • Niven, D.1
  • 36
    • 59249103083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • His way: How Roger Ailes' game plan created Fox's cable domination
    • Potter, D. (2006). His way: How Roger Ailes' game plan created Fox's cable domination. American Journalism Review, 28(6), 78.
    • (2006) American Journalism Review , vol.28 , Issue.6 , pp. 78
    • Potter, D.1
  • 37
    • 38149044480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radio-Television News Directors Association Retrieved January 8, 2007, from
    • Radio-Television News Directors Association. (2000). Code of ethics and professional conduct. Retrieved January 8, 2007, from http://www.rtnda.org/ethics/coe.shtml
    • (2000) Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct
  • 38
    • 0002460611 scopus 로고
    • Visual-verbal redundancy effects on television news learning
    • Reese, S. (1984). Visual-verbal redundancy effects on television news learning. Journal of Broadcasting, 28(1), 79-87.
    • (1984) Journal of Broadcasting , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 79-87
    • Reese, S.1
  • 41
    • 57349124446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Society for News Design., Retrieved January 8, 2007, from
    • Society for News Design. (2006). The Society for News Design's code of ethical standards. Retrieved January 8, 2007, from http://www.snd.org/about/organization_ethics.html
    • (2006) The Society for News Design's Code of Ethical Standards
  • 42
    • 0003475563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Society of Professional Journalists, Retrieved January 8, 2007, from
    • Society of Professional Journalists. (1996). Code of ethics. Retrieved January 8, 2007, from http://www.spj.org/ethicscode.asp
    • (1996) Code of Ethics
  • 44
    • 85039382316 scopus 로고
    • Objectivity as a strategic ritual
    • Tuchman, G. (1972). Objectivity as a strategic ritual. American Journal of Sociology, 77(4), 660-679.
    • (1972) American Journal of Sociology , vol.77 , Issue.4 , pp. 660-679
    • Tuchman, G.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.