The university movement in the North of England at the end of the nineteenth century

Northern History

Volumn 46, Issue 1, 2009, Pages

  Walsh, James Jackson ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Benefactors and supporters; Funding; Northern universities; Science and technology

Indexed keywords

EID: 69849123183     PISSN: 0078172X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1179/174587009X391475     Document Type: Review

References (30)

1. J. Gwynn Williams, The University Movement in Wales (Cardiff, 1993) p.1
2. 1901 Census Return Report (1903)
3. Extracted from L'Annuaire Statistique de la France (1966). Figures adjusted to allow for territory lost to France after the Franco-Prussian war of 1870
4. Paul Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers (1975) p. 47
5. Reported in the Leeds Mercury, 18 April 1884
6. Anthony Burton, The Rise and Fall of British Shipubilding (1994)
7. Quoted in R.Hyam, Britain's Imperial Century, 1815-1914 (1975), p. 47
8. See John Butt, John Anderson's Legacy (East Linton, 1996)
9. See Encyclopaedia Britannica (1913 edn)
10. Lyon Playfair, 1st Baron Playfair (1818-1898): see Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
11. and Sir Thomas Wemyss Reid, Memoirs and Correspondence of Lyon Playfair (1899)
12. D. S. L. Cardwell, The Organisation of Science in England (1957), pp. 84 and later
13. Hansard, CCX, 6 May 1881, pp. 526 sqq
14. Sir Bernhard Samuelson (1820-1905), Chairman, Royal Commission on Technical Education, 1885-1895, ODNB
15. Studies in the History of a University, 1874-1974, ed. P.H.J.H. Gosden & A.J. Taylor (Leeds, 1975). So poor was the response that at one time it was suggested that the notion of a college should be abandoned and the money used to provide scholarships at Owens' College, Yorkshire pride seems to have overcome this suggestion
16. Harry Longueville Jones (1806-1870). See J. A. Venn, Alumni Cantabrigienses, pt II, vol. III (Cambridge, 1947)
17. D.A. Farnie, The English Cotton Industry and the World Market, 1815-1896 (Oxford, 1979), p. 91
18. Joseph Thompson, The Owens' College: Its Foundation & Growth (Manchester, 1886)
19. Edward Fiddes, Chapters in the History of Owens College & of Manchester University (Manchester, 1937), p. 13
20. 'Wherever the advantages of Public Education can be combined with the care and inspection of Parental solicitude, there the student's moral progress will generally keep pace with his intellectual. . .Indeed, one of the main causes of the idleness and moral deterioration, which but too often affect a very large number of the students in the ancient Universities, is to be found in their total removal from all parental inspection at a very critical time of life. . .Independently of the moral good, much intellectual benefit would result from the proximity of home. . .idleness cannot go undetected: the academic system to which he is subjected, is known by many more than the officers and members of the institution. . .On every account it is most highly desirable for a young man to pursue his academical studies without going too far from his home', Edward Fiddes, Chapters in the History of Owens College & of Manchester University (Ibid., pp. 12-14
21. 'considerable research has left John Owens pretty much as it found him: an enigma'. D.R. Jones, The Origins of the Civic Universities (1988) p. 96
22. Arthur W. Chapman; The Story of a Modern University (1955), p. 39
23. Cardwell, Artisan, p. 161
24. See Robert A. McKinlay: The University of Bradford, Origins & Development (Bradford, 1991), pp. 8-16
25. E.M. Forster put it in another way: 'In flowed the fat dividends, up rose the lofty thoughts' (Two Cheers for Democracy)
26. There is an argument that in economic terms it was somewhat independent of, and perhaps even detracted from, the overall economy of Lancashire: see Farnie, English Cotton Industry, ch. 1
27. It was suggested by M.E. (later Sir Michael) Sadler, in comparing the 'top down' approach of the German State with the fragmented English approach to education that the English Civil War had left behind an unhealed division in social ideals which made centralisation unpopular and government direction impractical. Germany in the Nineteenth Century, ed. C.H. Herford (Manchester, 1912, 1915), pp. 101-27
28. The cost was enormous: not all of it supplied by the Treasury. Most of the new prisons were built on the model of Pentonville, which housed 520 prisoners at a capital cost of £82,271 - each cell thus costing £158, 'the price of a commodious new artisan's cottage for an entire family'. Robin Evans, The Fabrication of Virtue: English Prison Architecture 1751-1840 (Cambridge, 1982) p. 347
29. For the Manchester story see J.J. Walsh, 'Higher Technological Education in Britain: the Case of the Manchester Municipal College of Technology', Minerva, 34 (1996), 210-57
30. A. N. Shimmin, The University of Leeds: The First Half-Century (Cambridge, 1954), pp. 11-13