Big breasts and bad guys: Depictions of gender and race in video games

Journal of Creativity in Mental Health

Volumn 3, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 20-29

  Dickerman, Charles ^a   Christensen, Jeff ^a   Kerl Mcclain, Stella Beatriz ^a  

^a LEWIS AND CLARK COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Aggression; Fantasy; Gender stereotypes; Media; Parents; Racial stereotypes; Role depiction; Sexualization; Video games; Women

Indexed keywords

EID: 69849121216     PISSN: 15401383     EISSN: 15401391     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15401380801995076     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Cent: Bulletproof. (2005). [Playstation 2]. Los Angeles, CA: Sierra Entertainment.
2. Akuji the heartless. (1998). [Playstation]. London: Eidos Interactive Limited.
3. Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S. H. (1963). Imitation of film-mediated aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66, 3-11.
4. Bartholow, B. D., Sestir, M. A., & Davis, E. B. (2005). Correlates and consequences of exposure to video game violence: Hostile personality, empathy, and aggressive behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 1573-1586.
5. Beasley, B., & Standley, T. C. (2002). Shirts vs. skins: Clothing as an indicator of gender role stereotyping in video games. Mass Communication and Society, 5, 279-293.
6. Benedetti, W. (2007, April 20). Were video games to blame for massacre? Retrieved September 14, 2007, from http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id18220228/
7. Blade. (2000). [Playstation]. Santa Monica, CA: Activision.
8. Border patrol. (2003). [Web / Flash]. http://www.resist.com/other/border- patrol.swf.
9. Carnagey, N. L., & Anderson, C. A. (2005). The effects of reward and punishment in violent video games on aggressive affect, cognition, and behavior. Psychological Science, 16, 882-889.
10. Civ goes big [Advertisement]. (2007, September). Games for Windows: The Official Magazine, 10, 75.
11. Civilization IV. (2005). [PC (Windows)]. New York: Take Two Interactive.
12. Custer's revenge. (1982). [Atari 2600]. Mystique.
13. Dead or Alive. (1998). [Playstation]. Torrance, CA: Tecmo.
14. Dead or Alive Extreme Beach Volleyball. (2003). [Xbox]. Torrance, CA: Tecmo.
15. Dickerman, C., & Christensen, J. (in process). Depictions of culture and gender in video games. Available in late 2008/early 2009 from *http://www.geocities.com/culturevg
16. DJ boy. (1989). [Arcade Game]. Japan: Kaneko.
17. Double dragon. (1988). [Nintendo Entertainment System]. British Columbia: Taito Corporation.
18. Electronic Software Association. (2007). Essential facts about the computer and video game industry. Retrieved September 14, 2007, from *http://www.theesa.com/archives/2007/07/2007-essential.php
19. Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB). (2007). Game Ratings & Descriptor Guide. Retrieved September 14, 2007, from *http://www.esrb.org/ ratings/ratings-guide.jsp
20. Ferguson, C. (2007). Evidence for publication bias in video game violence effects literature: A meta-analytic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 12, 470-482.
21. Final fight. (1991). [Super Nintendo Entertainment System]. San Mateo, CA: Capcom.
22. Funk, J. B. (2005). Children's exposure to violent video games and desensitization to violence. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 14, 387-404.
23. Gamemaster14XIV. (2006, July 2). Dead or alive xtreme beach volleyball. [Video file]. Retrieved September 14, 2007, from http://youtube.com/watch?v=D- 2tKkt67Ws
24. Gamespy. (2003). Daily victim pictures. Retrieved September 14, 2007, from www.gamespy.com/dailyvictim/victimpics/dreamy.jpg
25. Grand theft auto: San Andreas. (2004). [Playstation]. New York: Rockstar Games.
26. Jones, G. (2002). Killing monsters: Why children need fantasy, super-heroes and makebelieve violence. New York: Basic Books.
27. Lara Croft: Tomb Raider. (2006). [Playstation]. London: Eidos Interactive Limited.
28. Michael Jackson's moonwalker. (1990). [Sega Genesis]. Japan: Sega.
29. Michael Jordan: Chaos in the windy city. (1994). [Super Nintendo Entertainment System]. Redwood City, CA: Electronic Arts.
30. Nettles, J. (2002, September 4). The kids are alright. Retrieved September 14, 2007, from *http://www.popmatters.com/books/reviews/k/ killing-monsters.shtml
31. Neverwinter nights. (2002). [PC (Windows)]. New York: Infogrames.
32. Richardson, B. (2007, June 13). Soul Caliber IV gets boob job. Retrieved September 14, 2007, from http://www.gamesradar.com/us/ps3/game/news/article.jsp? sectionId=1006&articleId=20070613124925139083&releaseId= 20070613105150193045
33. Shadow man. (1999). [Nintendo 64]. Glen Cove, NY: Acclaim Entertainment.
34. Shadow warrior. (1997). [Computer Game]. New York: GT Interactive.
35. Shaq fu. (1994). [Super Nintendo Entertainment System]. Redwood City, CA: Electronic Arts.
36. Spawn: Armageddon. (2003). [Xbox]. Santa Clara, CA: Namco.
37. Square's Tom Sawyer. (1989). [Nintendo Entertainment System]. Japan: Square.
38. Streets of rage. (1991). [Sega Genesis]. Japan: Sega.
39. Townsend, E. (2006, October 23). The 10 worst games of all time. Retrieved September 14, 2007, from http://www.pcworld.com/article/id,127579- page,3-c,games/article.html
40. True crime: New York City. (2005). [Playstation 2]. Santa Monica, CA: Activision.