Methods and efficacy of medical and surgical treatment of non functional menorrhagia;Modalités et efficacité des traitements médicaux et chirurgicaux devant des ménométrorragies organiques

Journal de Gynecologie Obstetrique et Biologie de la Reproduction

Volumn 37, Issue 8 SUPPL. 1, 2008, Pages

  Brun, J L ^a   Andre G ^a   Descat, E ^a   Creux, H ^a   Vigier, J ^a   Dallay, D ^a  

^a HÔPITAL PELLEGRIN   (France)

Author keywords

Adenomyosis; Myoma; Polyps; Therapy; Uterine hemorrhage

Indexed keywords

GONADORELIN AGONIST; LEVONORGESTREL; MEGESTROL; PROGESTERONE DERIVATIVE; GESTAGEN; GONADORELIN;

ADENOMYOSIS; ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATION; ARTICLE; CELIOSCOPY; ENDOMETRIUM ABLATION; ENDOMETRIUM HYPERPLASIA; ENDOMETRIUM POLYP; HUMAN; HYSTERECTOMY; HYSTEROSCOPY; LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY; LAPAROTOMY; MENORRHAGIA; MYOMA; MYOMECTOMY; UTERINE ARTERY EMBOLIZATION; UTERUS MALFORMATION; ARTIFICIAL EMBOLISM; DRUG POTENTIATION; ENDOMETRIOSIS; FEMALE; LEIOMYOMA; POLYP; PREGNANCY; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UTERUS; UTERUS CANCER; VASCULARIZATION;

ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; EMBOLIZATION, THERAPEUTIC; ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA; ENDOMETRIOSIS; FEMALE; GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; HUMANS; HYSTERECTOMY; HYSTEROSCOPY; LEIOMYOMA; MENORRHAGIA; POLYPS; PREGNANCY; PROGESTINS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UTERINE NEOPLASMS; UTERUS;

EID: 69849116017     PISSN: 03682315     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0368-2315(08)74778-1     Document Type: Article

References (141)

1. Randall TC, Kurman RJ. Progestin treatment of atypical hyperplasia and well-differentiated carcinoma of the endometrium in women under age 40. Obstet Gynecol 1997;90:434-440
2. Lindahl B, Alm P, Fernö M, Norgren A. Endometrial hyperplasia: a prospective randomized study of histopathology, tissue steroid receptors and plasma steroids after abrasio, with or without high dose gestagen treatment. Anticancer Res 1990;10:725-730 (Pubitemid 20237824)
3. Vereide AB, Arnes M, Straume B, Maltau JM, Orbo A. Nuclear morphometric changes and therapy monitoring in patients with endometrial hyperplasia: a study comparing effects of intrauterine levonorgestrel and systemic medroxyprogesterone. Gynecol Oncol 2003;91:526-533 (Pubitemid 38388145)
4. Wildemeersch D, Dhont M. Treatment of nonatypical and atypical endometrial hyperplasia with a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;188:1297-1298 (Pubitemid 36589125)
5. Wildemeersch D, Janssens D, Pylyser K, De Wever N, Verbeeck G, Dhont M, et al. Management of patients with nonatypical and atypical endometrial hyperplasia with a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system: long-term follow-up. Maturitas 2007;57:210-213 (Pubitemid 46771029)
6. Bahamondes L, Ribeiro-Huguet P, Cursino de Andrade K, Leon-Martins O, Petta CA. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (Mirena®) as a therapy for endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2003;82:580-582 (Pubitemid 36750713)
7. Agorastos T, Bontis J, Vakiani A, Vavilis D, Constantinidis T. Treatment of endometrial hyperplasias with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists : pathological, clinical, morphometric and DNA-cytometric data. Gynecol Oncol 1997;65:102-114 (Pubitemid 27171560)
8. Agorastos T, Vaitsi V, Paschopoulos M, Vakiani A, Zournatzi-Koiou V, Saravelos H, et al. Prolonged use of gonadotropinreleasing hormone agonist and tibolone as add-back therapy for the treatment of endometrial hyperplasia. Maturitas 2004;48:125-132 (Pubitemid 38692575)
9. Jadoul P, Donnez J. Conservative treatment may be beneficial for young women with atypical endometrial hyperplasia or endometrial adenocarcinoma. Fertil Steril 2003;80:1315-1324 (Pubitemid 37532439)
10. Le Digabel JF, Gariel C, Catala L, Dhainaut C, Madelenat P, Descamps P. Hyperplasies atypiques et carcinomes de l'endomètre de stade I chez la femme jeune désirant une grossesse : le traitement conservateur est-il envisageable ? Résultats d'une étude multicentrique française. Gynecol Obstet Fertil 2006;34:27-33. (Pubitemid 43187204)
11. Lowe MP, Cooper BC, Sood AK, Davis WA, Syrop CH, Sorosky JI. Implementation of assisted reproductive technologies following conservative management of FIGO grade I endometrial adenocarcinoma and/or complex hyperplasia with atypia. Gynecol Oncol 2003;91:569-572
12. Qi X, Zhao W, Duan Y, Li Y. Successful pregnancy following insertion of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in two infertile patients with complex atypical endometrial hyperplasia. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2008;65:266-268 (Pubitemid 351793727)
13. Kresowik J, Ryan GL, Van Voorhis BJ. Progression of atypical endometrial hyperplasia to adenocarcinoma despite intrauterine progesterone treatment with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system. Obstet Gynecol 2008;111:547-549 (Pubitemid 351156496)
14. Kurman RJ, Kaminski PF, Norris HJ. The behavior of endometrial hyperplasia: a long-term study of "untreated" hyperplasia in 170 patients. Cancer 1985;56:403-412
15. Horn LC, Schnurrbusch U, Bilek K, Hentschel B, Einenkel J. Risk of progression in complex and atypical endometrial hyperplasia: clinicopathologic analysis in cases with and without progestogen treatment. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2004;14:348-353 (Pubitemid 38533908)
16. Montgomery BE, Daum GS, Dunton CJ. Endometrial hyperplasia: a review. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2004;59:368-378
17. Valle RF, Baggish MS. Endometrial carcinoma after endometrial ablation: high-risk factors predicting its occurrence. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;179:569-572
18. Edris F, Vilos GA, Al-Mubarak A, Ettler HC, Hollett-Caines J, Abu-Rafea B. Resectoscopic surgery may be an alternative to hysterectomy in high-risk women with atypical endometrial hyperplasia. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2007;14:68-73. (Pubitemid 46049113)
19. Clevenger-Hoeft M, Syrop CH, Stovall DW, Van Voorhis BJ. Sonohysterography in premenopausal women with and without abnormal bleeding. Obstet Gynecol 1999;94:516-520 (Pubitemid 29460932)
20. DeWaay DJ, Syrop CH, Nygaard IE, Davis WA, Van Voorhis BJ. Natural history of uterine polyps and leiomyomata. Obstet Gynecol 2002;100:3-7.
21. Brechin S, Cameron ST, Paterson AM, Williams AR, Critchley HO. Intrauterine polyps: a cause of unscheduled bleeding in women using the levonorgestrel intrauterine system: case report. Hum Reprod 2000;15:650-652
22. Emanuel MH, Wamsteker K, Lammes FB. Is dilatation and curettage obsolete for diagnosing intrauterine disorders in premenopausal patients with persistent abnormal uterine bleeding? Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1997;76:65-68
23. Bettocchi S, Ceci O, Vicino M, Marello F, Impedovo L, Selvaggi L. Diagnostic inadequacy of dilatation and curettage. Fertil Steril 2001;75:803-805
24. Bonavolontà G, Rossetti A, Cannella PL, Campo S, Garcea N. Curettage vs. hysteroscopic resection. Minerva Ginecol 1994;46:1-3.
25. Gebauer G, Hafner A, Siebzehnrübl E, Lang N. Role of hysteroscopy in detection and extraction of endometrial polyps: results of a prospective study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;184:59-63. (Pubitemid 32141643)
26. Liberis V, Dafopoulos K, Tsikouras P, Galazios G, Koutlaki N, Anastasiadis P, et al. Removal of endometrial polyps by use of grasping forceps and curettage after diagnostic hysteroscopy. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2003;30:29-31. (Pubitemid 36396680)
27. Nathani F, Clark TJ. Uterine polypectomy in the management of abnormal uterine bleeding: A systematic review. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2006;13:260-268 (Pubitemid 43975042)
28. Preutthipan S, Herabutya Y. Hysteroscopic polypectomy in 240 premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril 2005;83:705-709 (Pubitemid 40348584)
29. Stamatellos I, Koutsougeras G, Karamanidis D, Stamatopoulos P, Timpanidis I, Bontis J. Results after hysteroscopic management of premenopausal patients with dysfunctional uterine bleeding or intrauterine lesions. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2007;34:35-38 (Pubitemid 46648418)
30. Berg A, Sandvik L, Langebrekke A, Istre O. A randomized trial comparing monopolar electrodes using glycine 1.5% with two different types of bipolar electrodes (TCRis, Versapoint) using saline, in hysteroscopic surgery. Fertil Steril 2008 (in press).
31. Taskin O, Sadik S, Onoglu A, Gokdeniz R, Erturan E, Burak F, et al. Role of endometrial suppression on the frequency of intrauterine adhesions after resectoscopic surgery. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 2000;7:351-354 (Pubitemid 32661601)
32. Marwah V, Bhandari SK. Diagnostic and interventional microhysteroscopy with use of the coaxial bipolar electrode system. Fertil Steril 2003;79:413-417 (Pubitemid 36144069)
33. Bettocchi S, Ceci O, Di Venere R, Pansini MV, Pellegrino A, Marello F, et al. Advanced operative office hysteroscopy without anaesthesia: analysis of 501 cases treated with a 5 Fr. bipolar electrode. Hum Reprod 2002;17:2435-2438 (Pubitemid 35021471)
34. Muzii L, Bellati F, Pernice M, Manci N, Angioli R, Panici PB. Resectoscopic versus bipolar electrode excision of endometrial polyps: a randomized study. Fertil Steril 2007;87:909-917 (Pubitemid 46550413)
35. Marsh FA, Rogerson LJ, Duffy SR. A randomised controlled trial comparing outpatient versus daycase endometrial polypectomy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2006;113:896-901. (Pubitemid 44086913)
36. Litta P, Spiller E, Saccardi C, Ambrosini G, Caserta D, Cosmi E. Resectoscope or Versapoint for hysteroscopic metroplasty. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2008;101:39-42.
37. Polena V, Mergui JL, Zérat L, Daraï E, Barranger E, Uzan S. Résultats à long terme de la résection des polypes endométriaux chez 367 patientes. Place de l'endométrectomie associée. Gynecol Obstet Fertil 2005;33:382-388
38. Tjarks M, Van Voorhis BJ. Treatment of endometrial polyps. Obstet Gynecol 2000;96:886-889
39. Henriquez DD, van Dongen H, Wolterbeek R, Jansen FW. Polypectomy in premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding: effectiveness of hysteroscopic removal. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2007;14:59-63. (Pubitemid 46049105)
40. Boubli L. Traitement médical des fibromes utérins. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 1999;28:729-731
41. Grigorieva V, Chen-Mok M, Tarasova M, Mikhailov A. Use of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system to treat bleeding related to uterine leiomyomas. Fertil Steril 2003;79:1194-1198 (Pubitemid 36547859)
42. Mercorio F, De Simone R, Di Spiezio Sardo A, Cerrota G, Bifulco G, Vanacore F, et al. The effect of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device in the treatment of myoma-related menorrhagia. Contraception 2003;67:277-280 (Pubitemid 36398511)
43. Spitz IM. Progesterone antagonists and progesterone receptor modulators: an overview. Steroids 2003;68:981-993 (Pubitemid 37532423)
44. Chabbert-Buffet N, Meduri G, Bouchard P, Spitz IM. Selective progesterone receptor modulators and progesterone antagonists: mechanisms of action and clinical applications. Hum Reprod Update 2005;11:293-307. (Pubitemid 40674206)
45. Thomas EJ. Add-back therapy for long-term use in dysfunctional uterine bleeding and uterine fibroids. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1996;103:18-21.
46. Minaguchi H, Wong JM, Snabes MC. Clinical use of nafarelin in the treatment of leiomyomas. A review of the literature. J Reprod Med 2000;45:481-489 (Pubitemid 30432260)
47. West CP, Lumsden MA, Hillier H, Sweeting V, Baird DT. Potential role for medroxyprogesterone acetate as an adjunct to goserelin (Zoladex) in the medical management of uterine fibroids. Hum Reprod 1992;7:328-332
48. Maheux R, Lemay A. Treatment of peri-menopausal women: potential long-term therapy with a depot GnRH agonist combined with hormonal replacement therapy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1992;99:13-17
49. Cravello L. Indications et modalités d'un traitement chirurgical pour les myomes sous-muqueux. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 1999;28:748-752. (Pubitemid 30026271)
50. Cravello L, Agostini A, Beerli M, Roger V, Bretelle F, Blanc B. Résultats des myomectomies hystéroscopiques. Gynecol Obstet Fertil 2004;32:825-828
51. Emanuel MH, Wamsteker K, Hart AA, Metz G, Lammes FB. Long-term results of hysteroscopic myomectomy for abnormal uterine bleeding. Obstet Gynecol 1999;93:743-748 (Pubitemid 29190674)
52. Fernandez H, Kadoch O, Capella-Allouc S, Gervaise A, Taylor S, Frydman R. Résection hystéroscopique des myomes sous-muqueux: résultats à long terme. Ann Chir 2001;126:58-64. (Pubitemid 32147077)
53. Polena V, Mergui JL, Perrot N, Poncelet C, Barranger E, Uzan S. Long-term results of hysteroscopic myomectomy in 235 patients. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2007;130:232-237 (Pubitemid 46097232)
54. Loffer FD. Preliminary experience with the VersaPoint bipolar resectoscope using a vaporizing electrode in a saline distending medium. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 2000;7:498-502.
55. Marziani R. Marziani R, Mossa B, Ebano V, Perniola G, Melluso J, et al. Transcervical hysteroscopic myomectomy: long-term effects on abnormal uterine bleeding. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2005;32:23-26 (Pubitemid 40546460)
56. Römer T, Schmidt T, Foth D. Pre- and postoperative hormonal treatment in patients with hysteroscopic surgery. Contrib Gynecol Obstet 2000;20:1-12.
57. Istre O, Langebrekke A. Repeat hysteroscopic surgery reduces the hysterectomy rate after endometrial and myoma resection. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 2003;10:247-251 (Pubitemid 37082539)
58. Revaux A, Ducarme G, Luton D. Prévention des synéchies après hystéroscopie opératoire. Gynecol Obstet Fertil 2008;36:311-317
59. Yang JH, Chen MJ, Wu MY, Chao KH, Ho HN, Yang YS. Office hysteroscopic early lysis of intrauterine adhesion after transcervical resection of multiple apposing submucous myomas. Fertil Steril 2008;89:1254-1259
60. Loffer FD. Improving results of hysteroscopic submucosal myomectomy for menorrhagia by concomitant endometrial ablation. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2005;12:254-260
61. Kanaoka Y, Hirai K, Ishiko O. Microwave endometrial ablation for menorrhagia caused by large submucous myomas. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2005;31:565-570 (Pubitemid 43058188)
62. Rosenbaum SP, Fried M, Munro MG. Endometrial hydrothermablation: a comparison of short-term clinical effectiveness in patients with normal endometrial cavities and those with intracavitary pathology. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2005;12:144-149 (Pubitemid 40800369)
63. Glasser MH, Zimmerman JD. The HydroThermAblator system for management of menorrhagia in women with submucous myomas: 12- to 20-month follow-up. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 2003;10:521-527
64. Chapron C, Fernandez B, Fauconnier A, Dubuisson JB. Indications et modalités du traitement chirurgical conservateur des myomes interstitiels et sous-séreux. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 1999;28:732-737 (Pubitemid 30026269)
65. Dubuisson JB, Malartic C, Jacob S, Chapron C, Rambaud D. Preventive uterine artery occlusion combined with laparoscopic myomectmy: a valid procedure to prevent bleeding. J Gynecol Surg 2004;20:105-111 (Pubitemid 39628486)
66. Dubuisson JB, Fauconnier A, Babaki-Fard K, Chapron C. Laparoscopic myomectomy: a current view. Hum Reprod Update 2000;6:588-594
67. West S, Ruiz R, Parker WH. Abdominal Myomectomy in women with very large uterine size. Fertil Steril 2006;85:36-39 (Pubitemid 43063415)
68. Nisolle M, Smets M, Malvaux V, Anaf V, Donnez J. Laparoscopic myolysis with the Nd:YAG laser. J Gynecol Surg 1993;9:95-99
69. Jourdain O, Roux D, Cambon D, Dallay D. A new method for the treatment of fibromas: interstitial laser hyperthermia using the Nd:YAG laser. Preliminary study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1996;64:73-78 (Pubitemid 126343204)
70. Bergamini V, Ghezzi F, Cromi A, Bellini G, Zanconato G, Scarperi S, et al. Laparoscopic radiofrequency thermal ablation: a new approach to symptomatic uterine myomas. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005;192:768-773 (Pubitemid 40311268)
71. Ghezzi F, Cromi A, Bergamini V, Scarperi S, Bolis P, Franchi M. Midterm outcome of radiofrequency thermal ablation for symptomatic uterine myomas. Surg Endosc 2007;21:2081-2085 (Pubitemid 47620277)
72. Kim HS, Tsai J, Jacobs MA, Kamel IR. Percutaneous image-guided radiofrequency thermal ablation for large symptomatic uterine leiomyomata after uterine artery embolization: a feasibility and safety study. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2007;18:41-48 (Pubitemid 46616673)
73. Zupi E, Piredda A, Marconi D, Townsend D, Exacoustos C, Arduini D, et al. Directed laparoscopic cryomyolysis: a possible alternative to myomectomy and/or hysterectomy for symptomatic leiomyomas. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;190:639-643 (Pubitemid 38406772)
74. Zupi E, Marconi D, Sbracia M, Exacoustos C, Piredda A, Sorrenti G, et al. Directed laparoscopic cryomyolysis for symptomatic leiomyomata: one-year follow up. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2005;12:343-346 (Pubitemid 40982539)
75. Hindley J, Gedroyc WM, Regan L, Stewart E, Tempany C, Hynyen K, et al. MRI guidance of focused ultrasound therapy of uterine fibroids: early results. Am J Roentgenol 2004;183:1713-1719 (Pubitemid 44210545)
76. Stewart EA, Rabinovici J, Tempany CM, Inbar Y, Regan L, Gostout B, et al. Clinical outcomes of focused ultrasound surgery for the treatment of uterine fibroids. Fertil Steril 2006;85:22-29 (Pubitemid 43063413)
77. Ravina JH, Herbreteau D, Ciraru-Vigneron N, Bouret JM, Houdart E, Aymard A, et al. Arterial embolisation to treat uterine myomata. Lancet 1995;346:671-672
78. Bouret JM. Place de l'embolisation dans la pathologie myomateuse. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 1999;28:753-760 (Pubitemid 30026272)
79. Hurst BS, Stackhouse DJ, Matthews ML, Marshburn PB. Uterine artery embolization for symptomatic uterine myomas. Fertil Steril 2000;74:855-869 (Pubitemid 30803816)
80. Gupta JK, Sinha AS, Lumsden MA, Hickey M. Uterine artery embolization for symptomatic uterine fibroids. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;1:CD005073.
81. Dutton S, Hirst A, McPherson K, Nicholson T, Maresh M. A UK multicentre retrospective cohort study comparing hysterectomy and uterine artery embolisation for the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids (HOPEFUL study): main results on medium-term safety and efficacy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2007;114:1340-1351 (Pubitemid 47609954)
82. Volkers NA, Hehenkamp WJ, Birnie E, Ankum WM, Reekers JA. Uterine artery embolization versus hysterectomy in the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids: 2 years' outcome from the randomized EMMY trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007;196:519.e1-11 (Pubitemid 46836620)
83. Hehenkamp WJ, Volkers NA, Birnie E, Reekers JA, Ankum WM. Symptomatic uterine fibroids: treatment with uterine artery embolization or hysterectomy: results from the randomized clinical Embolisation versus Hysterectomy (EMMY) Trial. Radiology 2008;246:823-832
84. Hehenkamp WJ, Volkers NA, Bartholomeus W, de Blok S, Birnie E, Reekers JA, et al. Sexuality and body image after uterine artery embolization and hysterectomy in the treatment of uterine fibroids: a randomized comparison. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2007;30:866-875 (Pubitemid 47497872)
85. Hehenkamp WJ, Volkers NA, Broekmans FJ, de Jong FH, Themmen AP, Birnie E, et al. Loss of ovarian reserve after uterine artery embolization: a randomized comparison with hysterectomy. Hum Reprod 2007;22:1996-2005. (Pubitemid 47062769)
86. Liu WM, Ng HT, Wu YC, Yen YK, Yuan CC. Laparoscopic bipolar coagulation of uterine vessels: a new method for treating symptomatic fibroids. Fertil Steril 2001;75:417-422 (Pubitemid 32112124)
87. Holub Z, Eim J, Jabor A, Hendl A, Lukac J, Kliment L. Complications and myoma recurrence after laparoscopic uterine artery occlusion for symptomatic myomas. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2006;32:55-62.
88. Akinola OI, Fabamwo AO, Ottun AT, Akinniyi OA. Uterine artery ligation for management of uterine fibroids. Int J Obstet Gynecol 2005;91:137-140 (Pubitemid 41456716)
89. Hald K, Kløw NE, Qvigstad E, Istre O. Laparoscopic occlusion compared with embolization of uterine vessels: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2007;109:20-27 (Pubitemid 46035505)
90. Learman LA, Kuppermann M, Gates E, Gregorich SE, Lewis J, Washington AE. Predictors of hysterectomy in women with common pelvic problems: a uterine survival analysis. J Am Coll Surg 2007;204:633-641 (Pubitemid 46437367)
91. Cosson M, Vinatier D, Subtil D. Indications et modalités d'un traitement radical chirurgical dans les myomes sous-séreux et interstitiels. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 1999;28:738-747 (Pubitemid 30026270)
92. Belaisch J, Audebert A, Brosens IA, Canis M, Leroy JL, Tran DK. L'endométriose. Paris: Masson; 2003.
93. He SM, Wei MX, Han YH, He LH. Effect of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in the treatment of adenomyosis. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2005;40:536-538
94. Fedele L, Bianchi S, Raffaelli R, Portuese A, Dorta M. Treatment of adenomyosis-associated menorrhagia with a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device. Fertil Steril 1997;68:426-429 (Pubitemid 27412906)
95. Cho S, Nam A, Kim H, Chay D, Park K, Cho DJ, et al. Clinical effects of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device in patients with adenomyosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008;198:373.e1-7
96. Nelson JR, Corson SL. Long-term management of adenomyosis with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist: a case report. Fertil Steril 1999;59:441-443.
97. Imaoka I, Ascher SM, Sugimura K, Takahashi K, Li H, Cuomo F, et al. MR Imaging of diffuse adenomyosis changes after GnRH analog therapy. J MR Imaging 2002;15 :285-290. (Pubitemid 34195124)
98. Lin J, Sun C, Zhen H. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and laparoscopy in treatment of adenomyosis with infertility. Chin Med J Engl 2000;113:442-445 (Pubitemid 30340273)
99. Huang FG, Kung FT, Chang SY, Hsu TY. Effects of short-course buserelin therapy on adenomyosis with infertility. J Reprod Med 1999;44:741-744
100. Hirata JD, Moghissi KS, Ginsburg KA. Pregnancy after medical therapy of adenomyosis with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist. Fertil Steril 1993;59:444-445 (Pubitemid 23057804)
101. Silva PD, Perkins HE, Schauberger CW. Live birth after treatment of severe adenomyosis with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist. Fertil Steril 1994;61:171-172 (Pubitemid 24030697)
102. Ozaki T, Takakashi K, Okada M, Korioka H, Miyazaki K. Live birth after conservative surgery for severe adenomyosis following magnetic resonance imaging and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy. Int J Fertil Womens Med 1999; 44:260-264 (Pubitemid 29523315)
103. Wang WH, Yang TS, Yuan CC. Successful pregnancy after treatment of deep adenomyosis with cytoreductive surgery and subsequent gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist: a case report. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 1998;61:726-729
104. Devlieger R, D'Hooghe T, Timmerman D. Uterine adenomyosis in the infertility clinic. Hum Reprod Update 2003;9:139-147
105. Magos AL, Baumann R, Lockwood GM, Turnbull AC. Experience with the first 250 endometrial resections for menorrhagia. Lancet 1991;337:1074-1078
106. Shelley-Jones D, Mooney P, Garry R, Phillips G. Factors influencing the outcome of endometrial laser ablation. J Gynecol Surg 1994;10:211-215
107. Brun JL, De Chabalier F, Marmie S, Hajjar M, Gbossou JM, Brun G. Results and factors influencing the outcome of 203 transcervical endometrial resections. J Gynecol Surg 1997;13:57-64. (Pubitemid 27339528)
108. Mergui JL, Solidakis A. Adénomyose : place du traitement hystéroscopique. Contracept Fertil Sex 1995;23:590-594
109. Tresserra F, Grases P, Ubeda A, Pascual MA, Grases PJ, Labastida R. Morphological changes in hysterectomies after endometrial ablation. Hum Reprod 1999;14:1473-1477 (Pubitemid 29265437)
110. Raiga J, Bowen J, Glowaczover E, Canis M, Wattiez A, Déchelotte P, et al. Facteurs d́chec d'endométrectomie : à propos d'une série de 196 cas. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 1994;23:274-278 (Pubitemid 24215440)
111. Maia H Jr, Maltez A, Coelho G, Athayde C, Coutinho EM. Insertion of Mirena® after endometrial resection in patients with adenomyosis. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 2003;10:512-516 (Pubitemid 38020606)
112. Mc Causland AM, Mc Causland VM. Depth of endometrial penetration in adenomyosis helps determine outcome of rollerball ablation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;174:1786-1794
113. Sowter MC, Singla AA, Lethaby A. Pre-operative endometrial thinning agents before hysteroscopic surgery for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;2:CD001124.
114. Wood C. Surgical and medical treatment of adenomyosis. Hum Reprod Update 1998;4:323-336
115. Morita M, Asakawa Y, Nakakuma M, Kubo H. Laparoscopic excision of myometrial adenomyomas in patients with adenomyosis uteri and main symptoms of severe dysmenorrhea and hypermenorrhea. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 2004;11:86-89 (Pubitemid 38393207)
116. Wang CJ, Yuen LT, Chang SD, Lee CL, Soong YK. Use of laparoscopic cytoreductive surgery to treat infertile women with localized adenomyosis. Fertil Steril 2006;86:462e5-e8.
117. Takeuchi H, Kitade M, Kikuchi I, Shimanuki H, Kumakiri J, Kitano T, et al. Laparoscopic adenomyomectomy and hysteroplasty: a novel method. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2006;13:150-154 (Pubitemid 43344060)
118. Rabinovici J, Inbar Y, Eylon SC, Schiff E, Hananel A, Freundlich D. Pregnancy and live birth after focused ultrasound surgery for symptomatic focal adenomyosis: a case report. Hum Reprod 2006;21:1255-1259
119. Ryo E, Takeshita S, Shiba M, Ayabe T. Radiofrequency ablation for cystic adenomyosis: a case report. J Reprod Med 2006;51:427-430 (Pubitemid 43765087)
120. Siskin GP, Tublin ME, Stainken BF, Dowling K, Dolen EG. Uterine artery embolization for treatment and evaluation with MR imaging. Am J Roentgenol 2001;177:297-302.
121. Huang LY, Cheng YF, Huang CC, Chang SY, Kung FT. Incomplete vaginal expulsion of pyoadenomyoma with sepsis and focal bladder necrosis after uterine artery embolization for symptomatic adenomyosis: case report. Hum Reprod 2003;18:167-171
122. Kim MD, Won JM, Lee DY, Anh CS. Uterine artery embolization for adenomyosis without fibroids. Clin Radiol 2004;59:520-526 (Pubitemid 38735558)
123. Pelage JP, Jacob D, Fazel A, Namur J, Laurent A, Rymer R, et al. Midterm results of uterine artery embolisation for symptomatic adenomyosis. Radiology 2005;234:948-953
124. Lohle PN, De Vries J, Klazen CA, Boekkool PF, Vervest HA, Smeets AJ, et al. Uterine artery embolization for symptomatic adenomyosis with or without uterine leiomyomas with the use of calibrated tris-acryl gelatin microspheres: midterm clinical and MR imaging follow-up. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2007;18:835-841 (Pubitemid 46963609)
125. Kim MD, Kim S, Kim NK, Lee MH, Anh EH, Kim HJ, et al. Long-term results of uterine artery embolization for symptomatic adenomyosis. Am J Roentgenol 2007;188:176-181 (Pubitemid 46012505)
126. Wang CJ, Yen CF, Lee CL, Soong YK. Laparoscopic uterine artery ligation for treatment of symptomatic adenomyosis. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 2002;9:293-296
127. Flynn MK, Levine D. The non invasive diagnosis and management of a uterine arteriovenous malformation. Obstet Gynecol 1996;88:650-652 (Pubitemid 26331164)
128. Grivell RM, Reid KM, Mellor A. Uterine arteriovenous malformations: a review of the current literature. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2005;11:761-767 (Pubitemid 41546460)
129. Khatree MH, Titiz H. Medical treatment of a uterine arteriovenous malformation. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1999;39:378-380 (Pubitemid 29431510)
130. Takeuchi K, Yamada T, Iwasa M, Maruo T. Successful medical treatment with danazol after failed embolization of uterine arteriovenous malformation. Obstet Gynecol 2003;102:843-844 (Pubitemid 37206422)
131. Lowenstein L, Solt I, Deutsch M, Kerner H, Amit A. A life-threatening event: uterine cervical arteriovenous malformation. Obstet Gynecol 2004;103:1073-1075
132. Morikawa M, Yamada T, Yamada H, Minakami H. Effect of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone against on a uterine arteriovenous malformation. Obstet Gynecol 2006;108:751-753 (Pubitemid 44306414)
133. Maleux G, Timmerman D, Heye S, Wilms G. Acquired uterine vascular malformations: radiological and clinical outcome after transcatheter embolotherapy. Eur Radiol 2006;16:299-306. (Pubitemid 43149628)
134. Bromley PJ, Clark T, Weir IH, Zwirewich CV. Radiologic diagnosis and management of a uterine artery pseudo anevrysm: case report. Can Assoc Radiol J 1997;48:119-122 (Pubitemid 27278407)
135. Manolitsas T, Hurley V, Gilford E. Uterine arteriovenous malformation: a rare case of a uterine haemorrhage. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1994;34:197-199 (Pubitemid 24159844)
136. Badawy SZA, Etman A, Singh M, Murphy K, Mayelli T, Philadelphia M. Uterine artery embolization: the role in obstetrics and gynecology. J Clin Imaging 2001;25:288-295 (Pubitemid 32799209)
137. Ghai S, Rajan DK, Asch MR, Muradali D, Simons ME, TerBrugge KG. Efficacy of embolization in traumatic uterine vascular malformations. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2003;14:1401-1408 (Pubitemid 37371691)
138. Kwon JH, Kim GS. Obstetric iatrogenic arterial injuries of the uterus: diagnosis with US and treatment with transcatheter arterial embolization. Radiographics 2002;22:35-46.
139. Timmerman D, Van den Bosch T, Peeraer K, Debrouwere E, Van Schoubroeck D, Stockx L et al. Vascular malformations in the uterus: ultrasonographic diagnosis and conservative management. Eur J Gynecol Obstet Reprod Biol 2000;92:171-178 (Pubitemid 30734587)
140. Wu YC, Liu WM, Yuan CC, Nget HT. Successful treatment of symptomatic arteriovenous malformation of the uterus using laparoscopic bipolar coagulation of uterine vessels. Fertil Steril 2001;76:1270-1271
141. Kelly SM, Belli AM, Campbell S. Arteriovenous malformation of the uterus associated with secondary postpartum hemorrhage. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2003;21:602-605 (Pubitemid 36723926)