Contested Memories of Eureka : Museum Interpretations of the Eureka Stockade

Labour History

Volumn , Issue 85, 2003, Pages 29-45

  Sunter, Anne Beggs ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 69549129630     PISSN: 00236942     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3828/27515926     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Premier Jeff Kennett opened the Eureka Stockade Centre on 27 March 1998. The full debates about the significance of Eureka were examined in my PhD Thesis 'Birth of a Nation? Constructing and Deconstructing the Eureka Legend', University of Melbourne, 2002.
2. For example Manning Clark in his 1954 lecture 'Re-writing Australian History', in Imre Salusinsky (ed.), The Oxford Book of Australian Essays, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 1997, pp. 129-138; Geoffrey Serle, The Golden Age, Melbourne University Press, Carlton, 1963, p. 180; Humphrey McQueen, A New Britannia, Penguin, Ringwood, 1970, p. 142.
3. National Museums; Negotiating Histories, conference convened by the National Museum of Australia, Canberra, ANU, 12-14 July, 1999; Darryl Mclntyre and Kirsten Wehner (eds), National Museums; Negotiating Histories, National Museum of Australia, Canberra, 2001.
4. Tony Bennett, The Birth of the Museum: History, Theory, Politics, Routledge, London, 1995.
5. Dawn Casey, 'Case Study: the National Museum of Australia', Humanities Research, vol. 8, no. 1, 2001. pp. 17-23; Meanjin On Museums, vol. 60, no. 4, 2001; John Mulvaney, 'Facing a politicised future for our past', Canberra Times, 11 Dec. 2002; Gerard Henderson, 'Howard's odd museum choice', Age, 14 Jan., 2003.
6. Roy Rosenzweig and David Thelen, The Presence of the Past: Popular Uses of History, Columbia University Press, New York, 1998. Also the Australians and the Past research project at the University of Technology Sydney led by Paula Hamilton; Edward Linenthal and Tom Engelhardt (eds), History Wars; The Enola Gay and Other Battles for the American Past, Metropolitan Books, New York, 1996
7. Chris Healy, From The Ruins of Colonialism: History as Social Memory, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997, Chapter 3.
8. From The Ruins of Colonialism: History as Social Memory, p. 78.
9. Tony Bennett, The Birth of the Museum, p. 132.
10. Ann Curthoys,'Historiography and Women's Liberation', Arena, no. 22, 1970, pp. 35-40.
11. Margaret Anderson, 'Selling the past; history in museums in the 1990s' in John Rickard and Peter Spearritt (eds), Packaging the Past? Public Histories, special issue of Australian Historical Studies, vol. 24, no. 96, April 1991 pp. 130-141.
12. Artne Beggs Sunter, "Remembering Eureka', Journal of Australian Studies, no. 70, 2001, pp. 49-56; Michael Evans, 'From a hallowed spot to a miniature marathon', Anne Beggs Sunter and Kevin Livingston (eds), The Legacy of Eureka; Past, Present and Future, Australian Studies Centre, University of Ballarat, 1998, pp. 43-50.
13. Egon Kisch, Australian Landfall, Australasian Book Society, Sydney, 1969, pp. 204-5.
14. For the full story of the flag see Len Fox, The Eureka Flag, Potts Point, NSW, 1992.
15. Weston Bate, 'Cashing in on Great Beginnings', in his Life After Gold, Melbourne University Press, Carlton, 1993 pp.196-207; Evans, Michael, 'Historical interpretation at Sovereign Hill', in John Rickard and Peter Spearritt (eds), Packaging the Past? Public Histories, special issue of Australian Historical Studies vol. 24, no. 96, April 1991, pp. 142-152.
16. Graeme Davison, The Use and Abuse of Australian History, Allen & Unwin, St. Leonards, NSW, 2000, p. 171.
17. Ballarat Courier, 4 December 1973.
18. Ballarat Courier, 2 March 1992 For later debates on this issue see Ballarat Courier, 28 January 1998, 11 December 1999, 4, 5 June 2001, Age, 4 April 1998
19. Charter of the Trust, first meeting 28 October 1994. Minutes relating to the formation of the Trust are in the City of Ballarat Archives.
20. Anne Beggs Sunter and Kevin Livingston (eds), The Legacy of Eureka; Past, Present and Future, Australian Studies Centre, University of Ballarat, 1998.
21. Eureka Stockade Memorial Trust, Minutes, 9 December 1994; 'The Eureka Heritage Project', submission to Community Support Fund from City of Ballarat, 1994.
22. The City applied for funding from the Federal Government's Regional Tourism Development Program, see Ballarat Courier, 24 May 1995. The Victorian Government's funding came through its tourism initiatives, under the Minister for Tourism, see letter from the Minister for Tourism to City's Chief Executive Officer, 4 August 1995.
23. Jim Davidson and Peter Spearritt, Holiday Business: Tourism in Australia, Miegunyah Press, Carlton, 2000, pp. xxvi-xxviii.
24. Holiday Business: Tourism in Australia, p. xxvi.
25. Stephen E. Weil, A Cabinet of Curiosities: Inquiries into Museums and Their Prospects, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1995, p. xviii.
26. Pyrs Guffudd, 'Heritage as National Identity; Histories and Prospects of the National Pasts', in David T. Herbert (ed.), Heritage, Tourism and Society, Mansell, London, 1995, pp. 49-67. Minutes of Eureka Stockade Memorial Trust.
27. Ballarat Courier, 13, 28 September 1995; Tom Evans, 'A Message of Truth', full page advertisement paid for by Evans, 29 August 1997.
28. The Committee ratified a 'Call for Expressions of Interest for Professional Design Services for a Eureka Interpretative Centre', on 11 October 1995. Eureka Special Committee Minutes, 9 November 1995; Ballarat Courier, 11 November 1995, advertisement for expressions of interest; Public Briefing meeting, 14 December 1995, at Town Hall. Cox Sanderson Ness, "The Eureka Centre, Ballarat', Architect Victoria, March 1999, pp. 16-17; City of Ballarat Public Briefing, Notes of meeting, 29 March 1996; Ballarat Courier, 1, 7 March 1996.
29. John Molony, The Significance of Eureka, Eureka Trust in association with the Australian Catholic University, Ballarat, 26 February, 1996; reported by John Lahey in Age, 27 February 1996; Kevin Livingston, 'Eureka Centre', Australian Historical Association Bulletin, no. 82, May 1996, pp. 64-68; Ballarat Courier, 15 August 1996.
30. Ballarat Courier, 3 September 1996. Bate reflected on the Eureka Centre at a history seminar at the Ballarat Mechanics' Institute, 10 August, 2001
31. Eureka Project Special Committee, Minutes, 19 September 1996. See also Ballarat Courier, 26 September 1996, letter from Cr Geoff Howard; John Mulvaney, Canberra Times, 11 December 2002.
32. The debate became so intense that Bruce Morgan, editor of the Ballarat Courier, wrote to the chief letter-writers, including myself, on 11 April 1997, signalling a moratorium on Eureka 'because letters have become personalised over point and counter-point'. Ballarat Courier, 14 May 1997 announces Sovereign Hill as winning tenderer.
33. Ballarat Courier, 11 November 1996. The video was completed in March 1997, part of the Eureka: The First Australian Republic? exhibition, which opened at Manly, NSW, 21 March 1997.
34. John Molony, 'Remembrance of the Eureka Stockade' in his The Significance of Eureka, Eureka Stockade Memorial Trust, Ballarat, 1996, pp. 13-16.
35. Ballarat Courier, 28 January 1998, followed by debate on 29, 31 January, 3, 5 February, in letters-to-the-editor columns; Age 1 December 2001, Extra section, for Mighell's comments.
36. Eureka Special Committee, Minutes (held quarterly); see especially October, November 2001.
37. Daniel J. Sherman and Irit Rogoff (eds), Museum Culture: Histories, Discourses, Spectacles, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 1994, especially Introduction.
38. John R. Gillis (ed.), Commemorations; The Politics of National Identity, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1994, p. 17; Kevin Walsh, Museums and Popular Culture, Cassell, London, 1997, pp. 8-9; Rosenzweig and Thelen, The Presence of the Past, p. 91, p. 188; Paula Hamilton, University of Technology Sydney/Australians and the Past', an Australian Research Council funded Research Project. See Annual Reports of Sovereign Hill for data on visitor surveys.
39. 'Sound in Museums', special issue of Insite, Museums Australia (Victoria) newsletter, December. 1999 - January. 2000.
40. The public debate was waged in the media throughout 2001. An excellent example was an Insight documentary on SBS television, 22 November 2001, called 'Museums-Relevant or Relic'; 'Museums and the New Media', special issue of Media International Australia, no. 89, November 1998; 'Dimity Reed, 'National Masterpiece', Age, 22 March 2001; Architecture Australia, March/April 2001 reviews the National Museum; also special supplement in the Age 19 May 2001; David Dunstan, 'An Empty Display Case, Age, 22 May 2001; Ballarat Courier, 21 March 2002, retaining wall problem highlighted.
41. Duncan Light, 'Heritage as informal education', in David Herbert (ed.), Heritage, Tourism and Society, Pinter, London, 1995, pp. 123-4.
42. Robert Lumley, 'The debate on heritage reviewed', in Roger Miles and Lauro Zavala (eds), Towards the Museum of the Future: New European Perspectives, Routledge, London, 1994, p. 62.
43. Elaine Heumann Gurian, 'What is the Object of the Exercise?', Humanities Research, vol. 8, no. 1, 2001, pp. 35-36, especially p.26; Roger Lumley, 'The Debate on heritage revisited', pp. 57-69, esp. p. 66; J. Urry, The Tourist Gaze; Leisure and Travel in Contemporary Societies, Sage, London, 1990.
44. Davison, The Use and Abuse of Australian History, p. 168.
45. Michael Evans, 'Historical Interpretation at Sovereign Hill', in John Rickard and Peter Spearritt (eds), Packaging the Past? Public Histories, Melbourne University Press, Carlton, 1991 (Special issue of Australian Historical Studies, vol. 24, no. 96, April 1991), pp. 142-53.
46. Sovereign Hill Museums Association, Annual Report, 1999-2000, p. 17.
47. Annual Report, 1999-2000, p. 172.
48. Discussion with my own history students, and Education Officer Gael Shannon, June 2001.
49. 'Hiscock backs call for centre upgrade'Ballarat Courier, 5 June 2001.
50. Age, 1 December 2001, Extra section.
51. Ballarat Courier, 5 June 2001; Age, Ballarat Courier, 26 October 2001 for flag controversy.
52. The Eureka Heritage Project, 1994, p. 35; figures come from the report of the Eureka Centre Manager, 2002.
53. Gourievidis discusses centres in Scotland; David Brett those in Northern Ireland in his The Construction of Heritage, Cork University Press, Cork, 1996; see also 'Unsavoury Histories', Australian Museums Online Journal, vol. 2, 2000, which discusses some centres in Australia and Ireland; Richard Gillespie, 'Making an Exhibition', Meanjin on Museums, p. 120 uses the term 'edutainment'; Gay Hawkins and Julian Thomas, 'Museums and the new media', Media International Australia, no. 89, November 1998, p. 8; David Lowenthal, 'National Museums and Historical Truth', in Negotiating Museums: Negotiating Histories, p. 157.
54. John Turpin, 'Three 1798 bicentenary exhibitions compared', Eire-Ireland, 1997-8, pp. 261-68; Elizabeth Crooke, 'Exhibiting 1798', History Ireland, 1998, vol.6, no. 4, pp. 41-5.1 visited Collins Barracks in September 2000, and was immensely impressed.
55. Gaynor Kavanagh, Dreamspaces: Memory and the Museum, Leicester University Press, London, 2000, esp. page 107.
56. John Lynch, The Story of the Eureka Stockade, Australian Catholic Truth Society, Melbourne, n.d., p. 32.
57. Kate Darian-Smith and Paula Hamilton (eds), Memory and History in 20th Century Australia, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 1994, p. 12.
58. Lumley, 'The Debate on heritage revisited', p. 63; Lowenthal, 'National Museums and Historical Truth', pp. 156-70.