-
1
-
-
69549146791
-
Uniform determination of death act
-
Supp
-
Uniform Determination of Death Act. 12 Uniform Laws Annotated 320 (1990 Supp.)
-
(1990)
12 Uniform Laws Annotated 320
-
-
-
2
-
-
69549148318
-
-
Note
-
It is important to distinguish between concepts of death, which must involve definitions of death, corresponding criteria for death and tests for death. When I discuss death concepts, death definitions, death criteria and tests for death, however, I will allow myself to refer to these as 'death concepts and their implications.'
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
0035183576
-
The brain and somatic integration: Insights into the standard rationale for equating 'brain death' with death
-
A. Shewmon. The Brain and Somatic Integration: Insights into the Standard Rationale for Equating 'Brain Death' with Death. J Med Philos 2001 26 : 457 478
-
(2001)
J Med Philos
, vol.26
, pp. 457-478
-
-
Shewmon, A.1
-
5
-
-
0036224540
-
Death, dying and donation: Organ transplantation and the diagnosis of death
-
Kerridge, I.H. et al. Death, Dying and Donation: Organ Transplantation and the Diagnosis of Death. J Med Ethics 2002 28 : 89 94.
-
(2002)
J Med Ethics
, vol.28
, pp. 89-94
-
-
Kerridge, I.H.1
-
6
-
-
0031554517
-
Germany passes new transplant law
-
Goldbeck-Wood. S. Germany Passes New Transplant Law. BMJ 1997 315 : 7.
-
(1997)
BMJ
, vol.315
, pp. 7
-
-
Goldbeck-Wood, S.1
-
7
-
-
0026284714
-
Brain death, religious freedom, and public policy: New Jersey's landmark legislative initiative
-
R.S. Olick. Brain Death, Religious Freedom, and Public Policy: New Jersey's Landmark Legislative Initiative. Kennedy Inst Ethics J 1991 1 : 285.
-
(1991)
Kennedy Inst Ethics J
, vol.1
, pp. 285
-
-
Olick, R.S.1
-
8
-
-
23744440096
-
The death of the whole-brain death: The plague of the disaggregators, somaticists and mentalists
-
R.M. Veatch. The Death of the Whole-Brain Death: The Plague of the Disaggregators, Somaticists and Mentalists. J Med Philos 2005 30 : 353 378
-
(2005)
J Med Philos
, vol.30
, pp. 353-378
-
-
Veatch, R.M.1
-
9
-
-
0003624191
-
-
New York: Columbia University Press
-
J. Rawls. 1993. Political Liberalism. New York: Columbia University Press;
-
(1993)
Political Liberalism
-
-
Rawls, J.1
-
10
-
-
0004168076
-
-
Cambridge, Mass. and London: Harvard University Press. Other philosophical approaches to pluralism are certainly also worth exploring, but I will allow myself to focus on the Rawlsian one.
-
J. Rawls. 1999a. The Laws of People. Cambridge, Mass. and London: Harvard University Press. Other philosophical approaches to pluralism are certainly also worth exploring, but I will allow myself to focus on the Rawlsian one.
-
(1999)
The Laws of People
-
-
Rawls, J.1
-
12
-
-
69549094977
-
-
Note
-
This is the secular version of the traditional understanding of death in the West. In the religious (i.e. Christian) version, death is thought to occur when the soul is separated from the body. Of course, this phenomenon cannot be empirically observed but it was, historically, assumed to take place at the moment of irreversible cessation of breathing and/or irreversible cessation of cardiac activity. Compare the Jewish tradition, discussed in footnote 28.
-
-
-
-
13
-
-
0027381883
-
Brain death: Reconciling definitions, criteria, and tests
-
A. Halevy B. Brody. Brain Death: Reconciling Definitions, Criteria, and Tests. Ann Intern Med 1993 119 : 519 523.
-
(1993)
Ann Intern Med
, vol.119
, pp. 519-523
-
-
Halevy, A.1
Brody, B.2
-
14
-
-
0014403727
-
A definition of irreversible coma
-
A Definition of Irreversible Coma. JAMA 1968 205 : 337 340.
-
(1968)
JAMA
, vol.205
, pp. 337-340
-
-
-
15
-
-
0019539808
-
On the definition and criterion of death
-
J. Bernat, C. Culver B. Gert. On the Definition and Criterion of Death. Ann Intern Med 1981 94 : 389 394
-
(1981)
Ann Intern Med
, vol.94
, pp. 389-394
-
-
Bernat, J.1
Culver, C.2
Gert, B.3
-
17
-
-
0021384012
-
The definition, criterion, and statute of death
-
J.L. Bernat. The Definition, Criterion, and Statute of death. Semin Neurol 1984 4 : 45 51.
-
(1984)
Semin Neurol
, vol.4
, pp. 45-51
-
-
Bernat, J.L.1
-
18
-
-
69549145550
-
-
op. cit. note 3.
-
Truog, op. cit. note 3.
-
Truog
-
-
-
19
-
-
69549100492
-
-
note 13
-
This may sound straight-forward, but it should be noted that the same physiological indicators are sometimes used as criterion and sometimes as parts of definitions. As an example, the ability to experience consciousness can be seen as a marker indicating that someone is alive or as the essence of life. M.S. Pernick. 1999. Brain Death in a Cultural Context. In The Definition of Death. Contemporary Controversies. S.J. Younger, R.M. Arnold & R. Shapiro, eds. Baltimore and London: The John Hopkins University Press. It should also be noted that in the early discussion of the concept of whole-brain death, whole-brain death criteria were more discussed than whole-brain death definitions. For a discussion of some of such definitions, see Bartlett & Younger, op. cit. note 13.
-
Truog
-
-
Bartlett1
Younger2
-
20
-
-
69549151851
-
-
op. cit. note 3.
-
Truog, op. cit. note 3.
-
Truog
-
-
-
21
-
-
0023239887
-
Electroencephalographic activity after brain death
-
M.M. Grigg et al. Electroencephalographic Activity after Brain Death. Arch Neurol 1987 44 : 948 954
-
(1987)
Arch Neurol
, vol.44
, pp. 948-954
-
-
Grigg, M.M.1
-
22
-
-
0035189661
-
Beyond brain death?
-
A. Halevy. Beyond Brain Death? J Med Philos 2001 26 : 493 501.
-
(2001)
J Med Philos
, vol.26
, pp. 493-501
-
-
Halevy, A.1
-
23
-
-
69549098920
-
-
op. cit. note 3.
-
Truog, op. cit. note 3.
-
-
-
Truog1
-
27
-
-
69549148317
-
-
J Med Philos 2001; 26
-
(2001)
J Med Philos
, pp. 26
-
-
-
28
-
-
69549098919
-
-
J Med Ethics 1991; 17
-
(1991)
J Med Ethics
, pp. 17
-
-
-
29
-
-
0035178214
-
Philosophical debates about the definition of death: Who cares?
-
S.J. Younger R.M. Arnold. Philosophical Debates about the Definition of Death: Who Cares? J Med Philos 2001 26 : 527 537
-
(2001)
J Med Philos
, vol.26
, pp. 527-537
-
-
Younger, S.J.1
Arnold, R.M.2
-
30
-
-
0026914660
-
Brain death and slippery slopes
-
Veatch, R.M. Brain death and slippery slopes. J Clin Ethics 1992 3 : 181 187.
-
(1992)
J Clin Ethics
, vol.3
, pp. 181-187
-
-
Veatch, R.M.1
-
33
-
-
69549100494
-
Annotated
-
New Jersey Statutes St Louis, Mo: West Publishing 232-235
-
New Jersey Statutes. Annotated. Declaration of Death. 26:6A-5. St Louis, Mo: West Publishing; 1991:232-235.
-
(1991)
Declaration of Death
, vol.26
-
-
-
34
-
-
69549132358
-
Zoki no Ishoku nikansuru Horitsu
-
July 16th Law no. 104 of 1997.
-
Zoki no Ishoku nikansuru Horitsu [The Law concerning Organ Transplantation], July 16th, 1997, Law no. 104 of 1997.
-
(1997)
The Law Concerning Organ Transplantation
-
-
-
35
-
-
69549147530
-
-
Bible. New Revised Standard Version
-
Genesis 7:22. Bible. New Revised Standard Version. 1989. For an overview of Jewish discussion on the Death Definition, see F. Rosner. 1999. The Definition of Death in Jewish Law. In The Definition of Death. Contemporary Controversies. S.J. Younger, R.M. Arnold & R. Shapiro, eds. Baltimore, Md. and London: The John Hopkins University Press. See also J.D. Bleich. 1999. Time of Death in Jewish Law. New York: Z Berman.
-
(1989)
Genesis
, vol.7
, pp. 22
-
-
-
37
-
-
69549149095
-
New Jersey Statutes
-
note 25
-
New Jersey Statutes, op. cit. note 25, 26: 6A-4.
-
J Halacha Contemp Soc
, vol.26
-
-
-
38
-
-
0037750244
-
Reconsidering Brain Death: A Lesson from Japan's Fifteen Years of Experience
-
M. Morioka. Reconsidering Brain Death: A Lesson from Japan's Fifteen Years of Experience. Hastings Cent Rep 2001 31 : 44.
-
(2001)
Hastings Cent Rep
, vol.31
, pp. 44
-
-
Morioka, M.1
-
39
-
-
69549149427
-
Mienai Shi [Invisible Death]
-
Bungei Shunju cited in Morioka note 30
-
M. Nakajima. Mienai Shi [Invisible Death]. Bungei Shunju, 1985, cited in Morioka, op. cit. note 30.
-
(1985)
Op. Cit.
-
-
Nakajima, M.1
-
40
-
-
69549133143
-
Noshi [Brain death]
-
Chuo Koron Sha cited in Morioka note 30
-
T. Tachibana. Noshi [Brain death]. Chuo Koron Sha, 1986, cited in Morioka, op. cit. note 30.
-
(1986)
Op. Cit.
-
-
Tachibana, T.1
-
41
-
-
29544432159
-
Organ Transplantation Laws in Asian Countries: A Comparative Study
-
A Bagheri. Organ Transplantation Laws in Asian Countries: A Comparative Study. Transplant Proc 2005 37.
-
(2005)
Transplant Proc
, pp. 37
-
-
Bagheri, A.1
-
42
-
-
0028458990
-
Brain Death and Organ Donation. Cultural Bases of Medical Technology
-
E. Ohnuki-Tierney. Brain Death and Organ Donation. Cultural Bases of Medical Technology. Current Anthropology 1994 35 : 233 254
-
(1994)
Current Anthropology
, vol.35
, pp. 233-254
-
-
Ohnuki-Tierney, E.1
-
43
-
-
69549093362
-
-
Note
-
It has also been said that the death definition debate has been largely influenced by certain Confucian-derived beliefs, such as respect for and belief in the ancestors. An anthropological study among Japanese relatives of victims of the Japan Air Lines crash in 1985 showed that relatives agreed that it was important that a corpse should be complete, and be brought home, so that the spirit would not suffer. Namihira quoted in M Lock. 1999. The Problem of Brain Death. Japanese Disputes about Bodies and Modernity. In The Definition of Death. Contemporary Controversies. S.J. Younger, R.M. Arnold & R. Shapiro, eds. Baltimore, Md. and London: The John Hopkins University Press.
-
-
-
-
44
-
-
0032227214
-
Deadly Disputes; Hybrid Selves and the Calculation of Death in Japan and North America
-
M. Lock. Deadly Disputes; Hybrid Selves and the Calculation of Death in Japan and North America. Osiris 1998 13
-
(1998)
Osiris
, pp. 13
-
-
Lock, M.1
-
45
-
-
69549149426
-
-
note 7
-
Veatch, op.cit. note 7, p. 140.
-
Op.cit.
, pp. 140
-
-
Veatch1
-
46
-
-
77549085587
-
Brain death, cortical death, persistent vegetative state
-
H. Kuhse & P. Singer, eds. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing
-
J. McMahan. 1998. Brain Death, Cortical Death, Persistent Vegetative State. In A Companion to Bioethics. H. Kuhse & P. Singer, eds. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing: 255.
-
(1998)
A Companion to Bioethics
, pp. 255
-
-
McMahan, J.1
-
47
-
-
77549085587
-
Brain death, cortical death, persistent vegetative state
-
McMahan J. 1998 Brain death, cortical death, persistent vegetative state, A Companion to Bioethics 255 Ibid.
-
(1998)
A Companion to Bioethics
, pp. 255
-
-
McMahan, J.1
-
48
-
-
69549100493
-
-
Address to the It should be noted that one can accept changed criteria for death without altering one's comprehensive doctrine
-
John Paul II. 2000. Address to the XVIII International Congress of the Transplantation Society, Aug 29, 2000. It should be noted that one can accept changed criteria for death without altering one's comprehensive doctrine.
-
(2000)
XVIII International Congress of the Transplantation Society, Aug 29, 2000
-
-
Paul Ii, J.1
-
49
-
-
4744342758
-
-
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
-
J. Carsten. 2004. After Kinship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
-
(2004)
After Kinship
-
-
Carsten, J.1
-
51
-
-
33646355473
-
Organ Transplantation in a Globalised World
-
M. Crowley-Matoka M. Lock. Organ Transplantation in a Globalised World. Mortality 2006 11 : 173.
-
(2006)
Mortality
, vol.11
, pp. 173
-
-
Crowley-Matoka, M.1
Lock, M.2
-
52
-
-
33645140182
-
Owning up to our Agendas: On the Role and Limits of Science in Debates about Embryos and Brain Death
-
G. Khushf. Owning up to our Agendas: On the Role and Limits of Science in Debates about Embryos and Brain Death. J Law Med Ethics 2006 : 58 75.
-
(2006)
J Law Med Ethics
, pp. 58-75
-
-
Khushf, G.1
-
53
-
-
0029268229
-
Abandoning Informed Consent
-
R. Veatch. Abandoning Informed Consent. J Med Ethics 1995 25 : 5 12.
-
(1995)
J Med Ethics
, vol.25
, pp. 5-12
-
-
Veatch, R.1
-
57
-
-
84935597626
-
The Priority of Right and Ideas of the Good
-
John Rawls. The Priority of Right and Ideas of the Good. Philos Public Aff 1988 17 : 275 276.
-
(1988)
Philos Public Aff
, vol.17
, pp. 275-276
-
-
Rawls, J.1
-
60
-
-
69549148316
-
-
Collected Papers. S. Feeman, ed. Harvard: Harvard University Press
-
J. Rawls. 1999b. Justice as Fairness: Political Not Metaphysical. In Collected Papers. S. Feeman, ed. Harvard: Harvard University Press: 394.
-
(1999)
Justice As Fairness: Political Not Metaphysical
, pp. 394
-
-
Rawls, J.1
-
64
-
-
69549154544
-
-
Note
-
A public reason why we need a uniform death definition law, apart from the possible use and misuse of life-saving support (and in order to know what qualifies as misuse we need a death definition law), is the need to know when it is legitimate to perform anorgan transplant, if the donor so wanted when alive.
-
-
-
-
65
-
-
1142284965
-
From Limited Realism to Plural Law. Normative Approach versus Cultural Perspective
-
A-J. Arnaud, From Limited Realism to Plural Law. Normative Approach versus Cultural Perspective. Ratio Juris, 1998 11 : 246 258
-
(1998)
Ratio Juris
, vol.11
, pp. 246-258
-
-
Arnaud, A.-J.1
-
66
-
-
1142284967
-
Other Phases of Legal Pluralism in the Contemporary World
-
M. Chiba. Other Phases of Legal Pluralism in the Contemporary World. Ratio Juris 1998 11 : 228 245.
-
(1998)
Ratio Juris
, vol.11
, pp. 228-245
-
-
Chiba, M.1
-
67
-
-
69549149093
-
-
note 8 See also pp. 195-211
-
Rawls, op. cit. note 8, p.175. See also pp. 195-211.
-
Ratio Juris
, pp. 175
-
-
Rawls1
-
71
-
-
0003677045
-
-
London and New York: Routledge
-
R. Bellamy's criticism of Rawls' views is noteworthy. Bellamy claims that at the heart of Rawls' theory lies a certain concept of citizenship that mainly those already devoted to this political liberalism may endorse: a concept of citizens as individuals who do not consider certain religious or philosophical convictions as crucial to their way of living, or even to their identity, and who therefore may find it comparably easy not to bring in comprehensive doctrines in public political debates. See R. Bellamy. 1999. Liberalism and Pluralism. Towards a Politics of Compromise. London and New York: Routledge.
-
(1999)
Liberalism and Pluralism. Towards A Politics of Compromise
-
-
Bellamy, R.1
|