The discovery of oligoclonal bands: A 50-year anniversary

European Neurology

Volumn 62, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 311-315

  Holmøy, Trygve ^a  

^a OSLO UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Norway)

Author keywords

Cerebrospinal fluid; Electrophoresis; History of medicine; Multiple sclerosis

Indexed keywords

IMMUNOGLOBULIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; OLIGOCLONAL BAND; DIAGNOSTIC AGENT;

AGAR GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; B LYMPHOCYTE; CELL CLONING; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID ANALYSIS; DENSITOMETRY; HUMAN; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NERVOUS SYSTEM INFLAMMATION; NEUROSYPHILIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS; TRYPANOSOMIASIS; ARTICLE; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID; ELECTROPHORESIS; HISTORY;

ELECTROPHORESIS; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HUMANS; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; OLIGOCLONAL BANDS;

EID: 69549104642     PISSN: 00143022     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000235944     Document Type: Review

References (34)

1. Kabat EA, Moore DH, Landow H: An elctrophoretic study of the protein components in cerebrospinal fluid and their relationship to serum proteins. J Clin Invest 1942; 21: 571-577.
2. Compston A, Lassmann, McDonald I: The laboratory science of multiple sclerosis; in Compston A, Confavreux C, Lassmann H, McDonald I, Noseworthy J, Smeith K, Wekerle H (eds): Multiple Sclerosis, ed 4. Oxford, Churchill Livingstone, 2006, pp 39- 45.
3. Murray JT: Multiple Sclerosis: The History of a Disease. New York, Demos Medical Publishing, 2005.
4. Thompson EJ: Brief historical review of CSF proteins; in Thompson EJ (Ed): The CSF Proteins: A Biochemical Approach. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1988, pp 1-3.
5. Green F: The Colloidal Gold Reaction of the Cerebrospinal Fluid. Berlin, Medizin Fritz- Dieter Söhne, 1925.
6. Harris AH, Lange C: Routine examination of cerebrospinal fluid. NY State J Med 1948; 4: 418-423.
7. Hinton WA: Studies in the cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis; in Ayer JB, Foster HE (eds): Multiple Sclerosis: Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Diseases. New York, Paul B Hoeber, 1922, pp 113-121.
8. Lange C, Harris AH: A citrate gold of optimal and reproducible sensitivity for use in the colloidal gold reaction. Its preparation and control. Am J Public Health Nations Health 1944; 34: 1087-1092.
9. Kabat EA, Glusman M, Knaub V: Quantitative estimation of the albumin and gamma globulin in normal and pathologic cerebrospinal fluid by immunochemical methods. Am J Med 1948; 4: 653-662.
10. Vesterberg O: History of electrophoretic methods. J Chromatogr 1989; 480: 3-19.
11. Putnam FW: α-,β-,γ-globulin - Arne Tiselius and the advent of electrophoresis. Perspect Biol Med 1993; 36: 323-337.
12. Frick E, Scheid-Seydel L: Research with I 131-labelled γ-globulin on the problem of the origin of cerebrospinal fluid proteins. Klin Wochenschr 1960; 38: 1240-1243.
13. Frick E, Scheid-Seydel L: Studies with γglobulin labeled with radioiodine on the origin of protein bodies in the cerebrospinal fluid. Klin Wochenschr 1958; 36: 857-863.
14. Frick E, Scheid-Seydel L: Exchange processes between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid examined with radio-iodine labeled albumin. Klin Wochenschr 1958; 36: 66-69.
15. Tourtellotte WW, Parker JA: Multiple sclerosis: brain immunoglobulin G and albumin. Nature 1967; 214: 683-686.
16. Tourtellotte WW, Parker JA: Multiple sclerosis: correlation between immunoglobulin G in cerebrospinal fluid and brain. Science 1966; 154: 1044-1045.
17. Righetti PG: Electrophoresis: the march of pennies, the march of dimes. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1079: 24-40.
18. Van Sande M, Karcher D, Lowenthal A: Electrophoretic examinations of proteins in blood and cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis patients. Acta Neurol Psychiatr Belg 1957; 57: 407-415.
19. Lowenthal A, Karcher D, Van Sande M: Electrophophoretic studies of central nervous system proteins. Exp Neurol 1959; 1: 233-247.
20. Jansssens PG, Charles P, Van Sande M, Karcher D, Lowenthal A: Composition of cerebrospinal fluid in subjects with African trypanosomiasis. C R Seances Soc Biol Fil 1958; 152: 359-362.
21. Karcher D, Van Sande M, Lowenthal A: Micro- electrophoresis in agar gel of proteins of the cerebrospinal fluid and central nervous system. J Neurochem 1959; 4: 135-140.
22. Lowenthal A, van Sande M, Karcher D: The differential diagnosis of neurological diseases by fractionating electrophoretically the CSF γ-globulins. J Neurochem 1960; 6: 51-56.
23. Poser CM: Armand Lowenthal. Orbituary. Resuscitation 2002; 52: 225-226.
24. Lowenthal A: Foreword; in Thompson EJ (ed): The CSF Proteins: A Biochemical Approach. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1988.
25. Laterre EC, Heremans JF, Carbonara A: Immunological comparison of some proteins found in cerebrospinal fluid, urine and extracts from brain and kidney. Clin Chim Acta 1964; 10: 197-209.
26. Clausen J, Munker T: Transferrin in normal cerebrospinal fluid. Nature 1961; 189: 60-61.
27. Clausen J, Matzke J, Gerhardt W: Agar-gel micro-electrophoresis of the proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid from normal and pathological findings. Acta Neurol Scand 1964; 40: 49-56.
28. Laterre EC: Agar gel electrophoresis of cerebrospinal fluid proteins. Semiology of the γzone. Acta Neurol Psychiatr Belg 1966; 66: 289-304.
29. Link H: Qualitative changes in immunoglobulin G in multiple sclerosis-cerebrospinal fluid. Acta Neurol Scand 1967; 43: 180.
30. Link H: Immunoglobulin G and low molecular weight proteins in human cerebrospinal fluid. Chemical and immunological characterisation with special reference to multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 1967; 43: 131-136.
31. Laterre EC, Callewaert A, Heremans JF, Sfaello Z: Electrophoretic morphology of gamma globulins in cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis and other diseases of the nervous system. Neurology 1970; 20: 982-990.
32. Delmotte P: Gel isoelectric focusing of cerebrospinal fluid proteins: a potential diagnostic tool. Z Klin Chem Klin Biochem 1971; 9: 334-336.
33. Kjellin KG, Vesterberg O: Thin layer isoelectric focusing of cerebrospinal fluid proteins. A preliminary report with special reference to the diagnostic significance in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 1972; 51: 379-380.
34. Vandvik B, Norrby E: Oligoclonal IgG antibody response in the central nervous system to different measles virus antigens in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1973; 70: 1060-1063.