Clinical exercise testing in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis

Pediatric Physical Therapy

Volumn 21, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 275-281

  Radtke, Thomas ^a   Stevens, Daniel ^b   Benden, Christian ^c   Williams, Craig A ^b  

^a Alpine Children's Hospital Davos   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EXETER   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Aerobic fitness; Children; Cystic fibrosis; Exercise; Physical activity

Indexed keywords

AEROBIC EXERCISE; ANAEROBIC EXERCISE; CYSTIC FIBROSIS; EXERCISE TEST; HUMAN; LABORATORY TEST; MEDLINE; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; SAFETY;

ADOLESCENT; CHILD; CYSTIC FIBROSIS; EXERCISE TEST; EXERCISE TOLERANCE; HUMANS; PHYSICAL ENDURANCE; PHYSICAL FITNESS;

EID: 69549085256     PISSN: 08985669     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/PEP.0b013e3181b15445     Document Type: Review

References (61)

1. Moorcroft AJ, Dodd ME, Webb AK. Exercise testing and prognosis in adult cystic fibrosis. Thorax. 1997;52:291-293. (Pubitemid 27128185)
2. Nixon PA, Orenstein DM, Kelsey SF, et al. The prognostic value of exercise testing in patients with cystic fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:1785-1788.
3. Orenstein DM, Franklin BA, Doershuk CF, et al. Exercise conditioning and cardiopulmonary fitness in cystic fibrosis. The effects of a three-month supervised running program. Chest. 1981;80:392-398.
4. Pianosi P, LeBlanc J, Almudevar A. Relationship between FEV1 and peak oxygen uptake in children with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2005;40:324-329. (Pubitemid 41437610)
5. Tantisira KG, Systrom DM, Ginns LC. An elevated breathing reserve index at the lactate threshold is a predictor of mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis awaiting lung transplantation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;165:1629-1633.
6. Zach M, Oberwaldner B, Hausler F. Cystic fibrosis: physical exercise versus chest physiotherapy. Arch Dis Child. 1982;57:587-589. (Pubitemid 12039940)
7. Boas SR, Joswiak ML, Nixon PA, et al. Factors limiting anaerobic performance in adolescent males with cystic fibrosis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996;28:291-298.
8. Pouliou E, Nanas S, Papamichalopoulos A, et al. Prolonged oxygen kinetics during early recovery from maximal exercise in adult patients with cystic fibrosis. Chest. 2001;119:1073-1078. (Pubitemid 32679433)
9. Selvadurai HC, Allen J, Sachinwalla T, et al. Muscle function and resting energy expenditure in female athletes with cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;168:1476-1480. (Pubitemid 38037332)
10. Shah AR, Gozal D, Keens TG. Determinants of aerobic and anaerobic exercise performance in cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;157(4 pt 1):1145-1150. (Pubitemid 28225181)
11. Selvadurai HC, Blimkie CJ, Cooper PJ, et al. Gender differences in habitual activity in children with cystic fibrosis. Arch Dis Child. 2004;89:928-933. (Pubitemid 39331384)
12. Orenstein DM, Nixon PA, Ross EA, et al. The quality of well-being in cystic fibrosis. Chest. 1989;95:344-347.
13. Klijn PH, Oudshoorn A, van der Ent CK, et al. Effects of anaerobic training in children with cystic fibrosis: a randomized controlled study. Chest. 2004;125:1299-1305. (Pubitemid 38501342)
14. Lannefors L, Wollmer P. Mucus clearance with three chest physiotherapy regimes in cystic fibrosis: a comparison between postural drainage, PEP and physical exercise. Eur Respir J. 1992;5:748-753.
15. Selvadurai HC, Blimkie CJ, Meyers N, et al. Randomized controlled study of in-hospital exercise training programs in children with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002;33:194-200. (Pubitemid 34175047)
16. Strauss GD, Osher A, Wang CI, et al. Variable weight training in cystic fibrosis. Chest. 1987;92:273-276. (Pubitemid 17125831)
17. Clinical exercise testing with reference to lung diseases: indications, standardization and interpretation strategies. ERS Task Force on Standardization of Clinical Exercise Testing. European Respiratory Society. Eur Respir J. 1997;10:2662-2689.
18. Palange P, Ward SA, Carlsen KH, et al. Recommendations on the use of exercise testing in clinical practice. Eur Respir J. 2007;29:185-209. (Pubitemid 46092015)
19. Barker M, Hebestreit A, Gruber W, et al. Exercise testing and training in German CF centers. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004;37:351-355. (Pubitemid 38523948)
20. Borg G. Perceived exertion as an indicator of somatic stress. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1970;2:92-98.
21. Prasad SA, Randall SD, Balfour-Lynn IM. Fifteen-count breathlessness score: an objective measure for children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2000;30:56-62.
22. Cooper KH. A means of assessing maximal oxygen intake. Correlation between field and treadmill testing. JAMA. 1968;203:201-204.
23. McGavin CR, Gupta SP, McHardy GJ. Twelve-minute walking test for assessing disability in chronic bronchitis. Br Med J. 1976;1:822-823.
24. American Thoracic Society Statement. Guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166:111-117.
25. Butland RJ, Pang J, Gross ER, et al. Two-, six-, and 12-minute walking tests in respiratory disease. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 2008;284:1607-1608.
26. Geiger R, Strasak A, Treml B, et al. Six-minute walk test in children and adolescents. J Pediatr. 2007;150:395-399. (Pubitemid 46437330)
27. Lammers AE, Hislop AA, Flynn Y, et al. The 6-minute walk test: normal values for children of 4-11 years of age. Arch Dis Child. 2008;93:464-468. (Pubitemid 352025761)
28. Li AM, Yin J, Yu CC, et al. The six-minute walk test in healthy children: reliability and validity. Eur Respir J. 2005;25:1057-1060. (Pubitemid 40823782)
29. Chetta A, Pisi G, Zanini A, et al. Six-minute walking test in cystic fibrosis adults with mild to moderate lung disease: comparison to healthy subjects. Respir Med. 2001;95:986-991. (Pubitemid 34013548)
30. Cunha MT, Rozov T, de Oliveira RC, et al. Six-minute walk test in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006;41:618-622.
31. Gulmans VA, van Veldhoven NH, de Meer K, et al. The six-minute walking test in children with cystic fibrosis: reliability and validity. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1996;22:85-89.
32. Bradley J, Howard J, Wallace E, et al. Reliability, repeatability, and sensitivity of the modified shuttle test in adult cystic fibrosis. Chest. 2000;117:1666-1671. (Pubitemid 30413361)
33. Cox NS, Follett J, McKay KO. Modified shuttle test performance in hospitalized children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2006;5:165-170. (Pubitemid 44063949)
34. Selvadurai HC, Cooper PJ, Meyers N, et al. Validation of shuttle tests in children with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003;35:133-138. (Pubitemid 36177108)
35. Coelho CC, Aquino ES, de Almeida DC, et al. Comparative analysis and reproducibility of the modified shuttle walk test in normal children and in children with cystic fibrosis. J Bras Pneumol. 2007;33:168-174.
36. Aurora P, Prasad SA, Balfour-Lynn IM, et al. Exercise tolerance in children with cystic fibrosis undergoing lung transplantation assessment. Eur Respir J. 2001;18:293-297. (Pubitemid 32776404)
37. Balfour-Lynn IM, Prasad SA, Laverty A, et al. A step in the right direction: assessing exercise tolerance in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1998;25:278-284. (Pubitemid 28194370)
38. Narang I, Pike S, Rosenthal M, et al. Three-minute step test to assess exercise capacity in children with cystic fibrosis with mild lung disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003;35:108-113. (Pubitemid 36177104)
39. Pike SE, Prasad SA, Balfour-Lynn IM. Effect of intravenous antibiotics on exercise tolerance (3-min step test) in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001;32:38-43.
40. Shahnawaz H. Influence of limb length on a stepping exercise. J Appl Physiol. 1978;44:346-349. (Pubitemid 9154149)
41. Rusch H, Bradfisch J, Irrgang W. Auswahltest Sportförderunterricht. Haltung Bewegung. 1994;14:4-17.
42. Gruber W, Orenstein DM, Braumann KM, et al. Health-related fitness and trainability in children with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008;43:953-964.
43. Barry SC, Gallagher CG. The repeatability of submaximal endurance exercise testing in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007;42:75-82.
44. Moorcroft AJ, Dodd ME, Morris J, et al. Individualised unsupervised exercise training in adults with cystic fibrosis: a 1 year randomised controlled trial. Thorax. 2004;59:1074-1080. (Pubitemid 39573928)
45. Hebestreit H, Hebestreit A, Trusen A, et al. Oxygen uptake kinetics are slowed in cystic fibrosis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005;37:10-17. (Pubitemid 40076009)
46. Bruce RA. Exercise testing of patients with coronary heart disease. Principles and normal standards for evaluation. Ann Clin Res. 1971;3:323-332.
47. Godfrey S, Mearns M. Pulmonary function and response to exercise in cystic fibrosis. Arch Dis Child. 1971;46:144-151.
48. Orenstein DM, Hovell MF, Mulvihill M, et al. Strength vs aerobic training in children with cystic fibrosis: a randomized controlled trial. Chest. 2004;126:1204-1214. (Pubitemid 39391252)
49. Turchetta A, Salerno T, Lucidi V, et al. Usefulness of a program of hospital-supervised physical training in patients with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004;38:115-118. (Pubitemid 38989730)
50. Hebestreit H, Kieser S, Rudiger S, et al. Physical activity is independently related to aerobic capacity in cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir J. 2006;28:734-739. (Pubitemid 46331993)
51. Bar-Or O. The Wingate anaerobic test. An update on methodology, reliability and validity. Sports Med. 1987;4:381-394. (Pubitemid 18047196)
52. Boas SR, Danduran MJ, McColley SA. Energy metabolism during anaerobic exercise in children with cystic fibrosis and asthma. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999;31:1242-1249. (Pubitemid 29424641)
53. Cabrera ME, Lough MD, Doershuk CF, et al. Anaerobic performance assessed by the Wingate Test in patients with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Exer Sci. 2008;5:78-87.
54. Inbar O, Bar-Or O. Anaerobic characteristics in male children and adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1986;18:264-269. (Pubitemid 16091654)
55. Keller H, Bar-Or O, Kriemler S, et al. Anaerobic performance in 5- to 7-yr-old children of low birthweight. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32:278-283. (Pubitemid 30108104)
56. Klijn PH, Terheggen-Lagro SW, van der Ent CK, et al. Anaerobic exercise in pediatric cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003;36:223-229. (Pubitemid 37055970)
57. Dotan R, Bar-Or O. Load optimization for the Wingate anaerobic test. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1983;51:409-417.
58. Lands LC, Heigenhauser GJ, Jones NL. Analysis of factors limiting maximal exercise performance in cystic fibrosis. Clin Sci (Lond). 1992;83:391-397.
59. Selvadurai HC, McKay KO, Blimkie CJ, et al. The relationship between genotype and exercise tolerance in children with cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;165:762-765. (Pubitemid 34229644)
60. Hebestreit H, Kriemler S, Hebestreit A. Körperliche Aktivität und Training bei Mukoviszidose. Dtsch Z Sportmed. 2000;51:85-93.
61. Paridon SM, Alpert BS, Boas SR, et al. Clinical stress testing in the pediatric age group: a statement from the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, Committee on Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in Youth. Circulation. 2006;113:1905-1920.