Comparison of the spatial distribution of seven types of neuroendocrine neurons in the rat paraventricular nucleus: Toward a global 3D model

Journal of Comparative Neurology

Volumn 516, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 423-441

  Simmons, Donna M ^a   Swanson, Larry W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Corticotropin releasing hormone neurons; Magnocellular neuroendocrine system; Oxytocin neurons; Parvicellular neuroendocrine system; Thyrotropin releasing hormone neurons; Vasopressin neurons

Indexed keywords

CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING FACTOR; GROWTH HORMONE RELEASING FACTOR; OXYTOCIN; PROTIRELIN; SOMATOSTATIN; TYROSINE 3 MONOOXYGENASE; VASOPRESSIN;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BRAIN MAPPING; BRAIN NERVE CELL; CELLULAR DISTRIBUTION; HYPOTHALAMUS PERIVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MALE; MODEL; NEUROSECRETORY CELL; NONHUMAN; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; SPRAGUE DAWLEY RAT; THREE DIMENSIONAL IMAGING;

ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE; ANIMALS; BASAL NUCLEUS OF MEYNERT; COLCHICINE; DOPAMINE; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; GROWTH HORMONE; IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MALE; MODELS, NEUROLOGICAL; NEURONS; NEUROPEPTIDES; NEUROSECRETORY SYSTEMS; PARAVENTRICULAR HYPOTHALAMIC NUCLEUS; PATTERN RECOGNITION, AUTOMATED; PERFUSION; PROLACTIN; RATS; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; THYROTROPIN;

EID: 69449102786     PISSN: 00219967     EISSN: 10969861     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/cne.22126     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Arentzen R, Baldino F Jr, Davis LG, Higgins GA, Lin Y, Manning RW, Wolfson B. 1985. In situ hybridization of putative somatostatin mRNA within hypothalamus of the rat using synthetic oligonucleotide probes. J Cell Biochem 27:415-422.
2. Barry J, Dubois MP, Poulain P. 1973. LRF-producing cells of the mammalian hypothalamus. Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat 146:351-366.
3. Bérod A, Hartman BK, Pujol JF. 1981. Importance of fixation in immunohistochemistry: use of formaldehyde solutions at variable pH for the localization of tyrosine hydroxylase. J Histochem Cytochem 29:844-850.
4. Bloom FE, Battenberg EL, Rivier J, Vale W. 1982. Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF): immunoreactive neurones and fibers in rat hypothalamus. Regul Pept 4:43- 48.
5. Bruhn TO, Anthony ELP, Wu P, Jackson IMD. 1987. GRF immunoreactive neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the rat: an immunohistochemical study with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Brain Res 424:290-298.
6. Carr FE, Reid AH, Wessendorf MW. 1993. A cryptic peptide from the preprothyrotropin-releasing hormone precursor stimulates thyrotropin gene expression. Endocrinology 133:809-814.
7. Ceccatelli S, Eriksson M, Hökfelt T. 1989. Distribution and coexistence of corticotropin-releasing factor-, neurotensin-, enkephalin-, cholecystokinin-, galanin- and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide/peptide histidine isoleucine-like peptides in the parvocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus. Neuroendocrinology 49:309-323.
8. Ceccatelli S, Cortés R, Hökfelt T. 1991. Effect of reserpine and colchicine on neuropeptide mRNA levels in the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Mol Brain Res 9:57-69.
9. Cechetto DF, Saper CB. 1988. Neurochemical organization of the hypothalamic projection to the spinal cord of the rat. J Comp Neurol 272:579-604.
10. Chan RKW, Sawchenko PE. 1995. Hemodynamic regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase messenger RNA in medullary catecholamine neurons: a c-fos-guided hybridization histochemical study. Neuroscience 66:377-390.
11. Chan RWK, Sawchenko PE. 1998. Differential time- and dose-related effects of haemorrhage on tyrosine hydroxylase and neuropeptide Y mRNA expression in medullary catecholamine neurons. Eur J Neurosci 10:3747-3758.
12. Dahlström A. 1968. Effect of colchicine on transport of amine storage granules in sympathetic nerves of the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 5:111-112.
13. de Goeij DCE, Jezova D, Tilders FJH. 1992. Repeated stress enhances vasopressin synthesis in corticotropin releasing factor neurons in the paraventricular nucleus. Brain Res 577:165-168.
14. Dierickx K. 1980. Immunocytochemical localization of the vertebrate cyclic nonapeptide neurohypophyseal hormones and neurophysins. Int Rev Cytol 62:119-185.
15. Dierickx K, Vandesande F. 1979. Immunocytochemical localization of somatostatin-containing neurons in the rat hypothalamus. Cell Tissue Res 201:349 -359.
16. Harding AJ, Ng JLF, Halliday GM, Oliver J. 1995. Comparison of the number of vasopressin-producing hypothalamic neurons in rats and humans. J Neuroendocrinol 7:629-636.
17. Hatton GI. 2004. Dynamic neuronal-glial interactions: an overview 20 years later. Peptides 25:403-411.
18. Hou-Yu A, Ehrlich PH, Valiquette G, Engelhardt DL, Sawyer WH, Nilaver G, Zimmerman EA. 1982. A monoclonal antibody to vasopressin: preparation, characterization, and application in immunochemistry. J Histochem Cytochem 30:1249-1260.
19. Ifft JD. 1972. An autoradiographic study of the time of final division of neurons in the rat hypothalamic nuclei. J Comp Neurol 144:193-204.
20. Johansson O, Hökfelt T. 1980. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone, somatostatin, and enkephalin: distribution studies using immunohistochemical techniques. J Histochem Cytochem 28:364 -366.
21. Kawano H, Daikoku S. 1987. Functional topography of the rat hypothalamic dopamine neuron systems: retrograde tracing and immunohistochemical study. J Comp Neurol 265:242-253.
22. Kawano H, Daikoku S, Shibasaki T. 1988. CRF-containing neuron systems in the rat hypothalamus: retrograde tracing and immunohistochemical studies. J Comp Neurol 272:260-268.
23. Kawano H, Tosuru Y, Bando H, Daikoku S. 1991. Hypophysiotropic TRH-producing neurons identified by combining immunohistochemistry for pro-TRH and retrograde tracing. J Comp Neurol 307:531-538.
24. Kiss JZ, Mezey E, Skirboll L. 1984. Corticotropin-releasing factor-immunoreactive neurons of the paraventricular nucleus become vasopressin positive after adrenalectomy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 1854-1858.
25. Lechan RM, Jackson IMD. 1982. Immunohistochemical localization of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the rat hypothalamus and pituitary. Endocrinology 111:55-65.
26. Leibowitz SF. 1978. Paraventricular nucleus: a primary site mediating adrenergic stimulation of feeding and drinking. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 8:163-175.
27. Lennard DE, Eckert WA, Merchenthaler I. 1993. Corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the paraventricular nucleus project to the external zone of the median eminence: a study combining retrograde labeling with immunocytochemistry. J Neuroendocrinol 5:175-181.
28. Ma XM, Lightman SL. 1998. The arginine vasopressin and corticotrophin-releasing hormone gene transcription responses to varied frequencies of repeated stress in rats. J Physiol 510:605-614.
29. Markakis EA, Swanson LW. 1997. Spatiotemporal patterns of secretomotor neuron generation in the parvicellular neuroendocrine system. Brain Res Rev 24:255-291.
30. Merchenthaler I, Setalo G, Csontos C, Petrusz P, Flerko B, Negro-Vilar A. 1989. Combined retrograde tracing and immunocytochemical identification of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone- and somatostatin-containing neurons projecting to the median eminence of the rat. Endocrinology 125:2812-2821.
31. Neumann ID. 2007. Stimuli and consequences of dendritic release of oxytocin within the brain. Biochem Soc Trans 35:1252-1257.
32. Niimi M, Takahara J, Hashimoto K, Kawanishi K. 1988. Immunohistochemical identification of corticotropin releasing factor-containing neurons projecting to the stalk-median eminence of the rat. Peptides 9:589-593.
33. Nishiyama T, Kawano H, Tsuruo Y, Maegawa M, Hisano S, Adachi T, Daikoku S, Suzuki M. 1985. Hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-containing neurons involved in the hypothalamic-hypophysial-thyropid axis. Light microscopic immunocytochemistry. Brain Res 345:205-218.
34. Palkovits M. 2000. Stress-induced expression of co-localized neuropeptides in hypothalamic and amygdaloid neurons. Eur J Pharmacol 405: 161-166.
35. Parish DC, Rodrigues EM, Birkett SD, Pickering BT. 1981. Effects of small doses of colchicine on the components of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of the rat. Cell Tissue Res 220:809-827.
36. Reyes TM, Walker JR, DeCino C, Hogenesch JB, Sawchenko PE. 2003. Categorically distinct acute stressors elicit dissimilar transcriptional profiles in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. J Neurosci 23:5607-5616.
37. Rho J, Swanson LW. 1989. A morphometric analysis of functionally defined subpopulations of neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the rat with observations on the effects of colchicine. J Neurosci 9:1375-1388.
38. Rhodes CH, Morrell JI, Pfaff DW. 1981. Immunohistochemical analysis of magnocellular elements in rat hypothalamus: distribution and numbers of cells containing neurophysin, oxytocin, and vasopressin. J Comp Neurol 198:45-64.
39. Risold PY, Swanson LW. 1997. Connections of the rat lateral septal complex. Brain Res Rev 24:115-197.
40. Risold PY, Thompson RH, Swanson LW. 1997. The structural organization of connections between hypothalamus and cerebral cortex. Brain Res Rev 24:197-255.
41. Rodier PM, Kates B, White WA, Phelps CJ. 1990. Birthdates of the growth hormone releasing factor cells of the rat hypothalamus: an autoradiographic study of immunocytochemically identified neurons. J Comp Neurol 291:363-372.
42. Sawchenko PE. 1998. Toward a new neurobiology of energy balance, appetite, and obesity: the anatomists weigh in. J Comp Neurol 402: 435-451.
43. Sawchenko PE, Swanson LW. 1981. A method for tracing biochemically defined pathways in the central nervous system using combined fluorescence retrograde transport and immunohistochemical techniques. Brain Res 210:31-51.
44. Sawchenko PE, Swanson LW. 1982a. Immunohistochemical identification of neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus that project to the medulla or to the spinal cord in the rat. J Comp Neurol 205:260-272.
45. Sawchenko PE, Swanson LW. 1982b. The organization and biochemical specificity of afferent projections to the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. Prog Brain Res 60:19-29.
46. Sawchenko PE, Swanson LW. 1990. Growth hormone releasing hormone. In: Björklund A, Hökfelt T, Kuhar MJ, editors. Handbook of chemical neuroanatomy, vol. 9, Neuropeptides in the CNS, part II. Amsterdam: Elsevier. p 131-163.
47. Sawchenko PE, Swanson LW, Vale WW. 1984. Co-expression of corticotropin-releasing factor and vasopressin immunoreactivity in parvocellular neurosecretory neurons of the adrenalectomized rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81:1883-1887.
48. Sawchenko PE, Swanson LW, Rivier J, Vale W. 1985. The distribution of growth-hormone-releasing factor (GRF) immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the rat: an immunohistochemical study using antisera directed against rat hypothalamic GRF. J Comp Neurol 237:100-115.
49. Segerson TP, Hoefler H, Childers C, Wolfe HJ, Wu P, Jackson IMD, Lechan RM. 1987. Localization of thyrotropin-releasing hormone prohormone messenger ribonucleic acid in rat brain by in situ hybridization. Endocrinology 121:98-107.
50. Simerly BR, Swanson LW. 1986. The organization of neural inputs to the medial preoptic nucleus of the rat. J Comp Neurol 246:312-342.
51. Simerly RB, Swanson LW. 1987. The distribution of neurotransmitterspecific cells and fibers in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus: implications for the control of gonadotropin secretion in the rat. Brain Res 400:11-34.
52. Simmons DM. 2006. Spatial distribution of neuroendocrine motoneuron pools in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Southern California, Los Angles, CA.
53. Simmons DM, Swanson LW. 1993. The Nissl stain. Brain Res Prot 93-050-12, pp 1-7.
54. Simmons DM, Swanson LW. 2008. High resolution paraventricular nucleus serial section model constructed within a traditional rat brain atlas. Neurosci Lett 438:85-89.
55. Simmons DM, Swanson LW. 2009. Comparing histological data from different brains: sources of error and strategies for minimizing them. Brain Res Rev 60:349-367.
56. Simmons DM, Arriza JL, Swanson LW. 1989. A complete protocol for in situ hybridization of messenger RNAs in brain and other tissues with radiolabeled single-stranded RNA probes. J Histotech 12:169-181.
57. Sofroniew MV. 1985. Vasopressin, oxytocin and their related neurophysins. In: Björklund A, Hökfelt T, editors. Handbook of chemical neuroanatomy, vol. 4, GABA and neuropeptides in the CNS, part I. Amsterdam: Elsevier. p 93-165.
58. Swanson LW. 1986. Organization of the mammalian neuroendocrine system. In: Bloom FE, editor. Handbook of physiology, vol. IV, The nervous system. Baltimore: Waverly Press. p 169-190.
59. Swanson LW. 1987. The hypothalamus. In: Hökfelt T, Björklund A, Swanson LW, editors. Handbook of chemical neuroanatomy, vol. 5, Integrated systems of the CNS, part I. Amsterdam: Elsevier. p 1-124.
60. Swanson LW. 1991. Biochemical switching in hypothalamic circuits mediating responses to stress. Prog Brain Res 87:181-200.
61. Swanson LW. 1992a. Spatiotemporal patterns of transcription factor gene expression accompanying the development and plasticity of cell phenotypes in the neuroendocrine system. Prog Brain Res 92:97-113.
62. Swanson LW. 1992b. Brain maps: structure of the rat brain, 1st ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
63. Swanson LW. 2004. Brain maps: structure of the rat brain. A laboratory guide with printed and electronic templates for data, models and schematics, 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
64. Swanson LW. 2005. Anatomy of the soul as reflected in the cerebral hemispheres: neural circuits underlying voluntary control of basic motivated behaviors. J Comp Neurol 493:122-131.
65. Swanson LW. 2009. Development of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. In: Ribak CR, Aramburo C, Jones EG, Larriva-Sahd JA, Swanson LW, editors. From development to degeneration and regeneration of the nervous system. New York: Oxford University Press. p 69-84.
66. Swanson LW, Sawchenko PE. 1983. Hypothalamic integration: organization of the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. Annu Rev Neurosci 6:269-324.
67. Swanson LW, Simmons DM. 1989. Differential steroid hormone and neural influences on peptide mRNA levels in CRH cells of the paraventricular nucleus: a hybridization histochemical study in the rat. J Comp Neurol 285:413-435.
68. Swanson LW, Sawchenko PE, Rivier J, Vale W. 1983. Organization of ovine corticotropin-releasing factor immunoreactive cells and fibers in the rat brain: an immunohistochemical study. Neuroendocrinology 36:165-186.
69. Tramu G, Croix C, Pillez A. 1983. Ability of the CRF immunoreactive neurons of the paraventricular nucleus to produce a vasopressin-like material. Neuroendocrinology 37:467-469.
70. Vandesande F, Diericks K, De Mey J. 1977. The origin of the vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic fibres of the external region of the median eminence of the rat hypophysis. Cell Tissue Res 180:443-452.
71. Van Oers JWAM, Tilders FJH, Berkenbosch F. 1989. Characterization and biological activity of a rat monoclonal antibody to rat/human corticotropin releasing factor. Endocrinology 124:1239-1246.
72. Watts AG, Swanson LW. 1989. Diurnal variations in the content of preprocorticotropin-releasing hormone messenger ribonucleic acids in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of rats of both sexes as measured by in situ hybridization. Endocrinology 125:1734-1738.
73. Wolfson B, Manning RW, Davis LG, Arentzen R, Baldino F Jr. 1985. Co-localization of corticotropin releasing factor and vasopressin mRNA in neurones after adrenalectomy. Nature 315:59-61.
74. Young WS III, Mezey É Siegel RE. 1986a. Quantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry reveals increased levels of corticotropin-releasing factor mRNA after adrenalectomy in rats. Neurosci Lett 70:198-203.
75. Young WS III, Mezey É, Siegel RE. 1986b. Vasopressin and oxytocin mRNAs in adrenalectomized and Brattleboro rats: analysis by quantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry. Mol. Brain Res 1:231-241.
76. Young WS III, Warden M, Mezey É. 1987. Tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA is increased by hyperosmotic stimuli in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. Neuroendocrinology 46:439-444.
77. Zimmerman EA, Nilaver G, Hou-Yu A, Silverman AJ. 1984. Vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic pathways in the central nervous system. Fed Proc 43:91-96.