Effects of nitrosation on the formation of cyanide in publicly owned treatment works secondary effluent

Water Environment Research

Volumn 76, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 197-204

  Zheng, Anping ^a   Dzombak, David A ^b,d   Luthy, Richard G ^c  

^a URS CORPORATION   (United States)

^b CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c Stanford University   (United States)

^d CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cyanide; Formation; Nitrite; Nitrosation; Publicly owned treatment works

Indexed keywords

AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; CYANIDES; DISTILLATION; EFFLUENT TREATMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; HEALTH RISKS; PH EFFECTS;

DOMESTIC WASTEWATER EFFLUENTS; NITRITE IONS; NITROSATION; PUBLICLY OWNED TREATMENT WORKS (POTW);

WASTEWATER TREATMENT;

1,2,4 BENZENETRIOL; ANILINE; AROMATIC COMPOUND; BENZOIC ACID; CYANIDE; GLYCINE; KETONE; NITRITE; NITROUS ACID; ORGANIC COMPOUND; PHENOL; SERINE; TOLUIDINE DERIVATIVE;

CYANIDE; EFFLUENT TREATMENT; WASTEWATER;

ARTICLE; CHEMICAL REACTION; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; EFFLUENT; NITROSATION; PH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; WASTE WATER; WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT; WATER TREATMENT; CHEMISTRY; METHODOLOGY; SEWAGE;

CYANIDES; HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION; NITRITES; ORGANIC CHEMICALS; WASTE DISPOSAL, FLUID;

EID: 6944246520     PISSN: 10614303     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2175/106143004X141735     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. American Public Health Association: American Water Works Association; Water Environment Federation (1998) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th ed.; Washington D.C.
2. Arber, R.; Speed, M. A.; Scully, F. (1984) Water Chlorination: Chemistry, Environmental Impact and Health Effects, Vol. 5, Chapter 74; Jolley, R. L., Bull, R. J., Davis, W. P., Katz, S., Roberts, M. H., Jr., Jacobs, V. A., Eds.; Lewis Publishers: Chelsea, Michigan.
3. ASTM (1998) Standard Test Method for Determination of Free Cyanide in Water and Wastewater by Microdiffusion. Designation D4282-95. In 1998 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol.14.02; American Society for Testing and Materials: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
4. Carr, S. A.; Baird, R. B.; Lin, B. T. (1997) Wastewater Derived Interferences in Cyanide Analysis, Water Res. 31, 1543.
5. Delaney, M. F.; Zilitinkevitch, L.; McSweeney, N. E.; Epelman, P. E. (1997) Cyanide Formation from Chlorinated POTW Effluent. Proceedings of Environmental Laboratories: Moving Toward the 21st Century, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. August 3-6: Water Environment Federation: Alexandria, Virginia, pp 6-17-6-26.
6. Dignac, M. F.; Ginestet, P.; Rybacki D.; Bruchet, A.; Urbain, V.; Scribe, P. (2000) Fate of Wastewater Organic Pollution During Activated Sludge Treatment: Nature of Residual Organic Matter. Water Res., 34, 4185.
7. Ho, S. L.; Roberts, M. H., Jr. (1984) Water Chlorination: Chemistry, Environmental Impact and Health Effects, Vol. 5, Chapter 43; Jolley, R. L., Bull, R. J., Davis, W. P., Katz, S., Roberts, M. H., Jr., Jacobs, V. A., Eds.; Lewis Publishers: Chelsea, Michigan.
8. Izumi, K.; Cassens, R. G.; Greaser, M. L. (1989) Reactions of Nitrite with Ascorbic Acid and Its Significant Role in Nitrite-Cured Food. Meat Science, 26, 141.
9. Kanno, S.; Nojima, K.; Ohya T. (1978) Formation of Cyanide Ion by the Reaction of Organic Compounds with Nitrous Acid or Other Reagents. Chemosphere, 7, 657.
10. Kavanaugh, M.; Deeb, R.; Markowitz, D.; Dzombak, D.; Zheng, A.; Theis, T.; Young, T.; Luthy, R. (2003) Cyanide Formation and Fate in Complex Effluents and Its Relation to Water Quality Criteria, Final Report, Project 98-HHE-5; Water Environment Research Foundation: Alexandria, Virginia.
11. Koshimizu, T. (1975) Formation of Cyanide Ion by the Reaction of Amines with Nitrite Ion. II. Formation of Cyanide Ion by the Reaction of Aromatic Amine and Nitrite Ion. Eisei Kagaku, 21, 326-329.
12. March, J. (1992) Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms and Structure, 4th ed.: Wiley & Sons: New York, pp 1038-1041.
13. Metcalf & Eddy, Inc. (1991) Wastewater Engineering: Treatment, Disposal and Reuse, 3rd ed.; McGraw-Hill, Inc.: New York.
14. Rapean, J. C.; Johnson, R. A.; Hanson, T. P. (1980) Biodegradation of Cyanide: Nitrite Interference in the Standard Test for Total Cyanide. Proceedings of the Purdue Industrial Waste Conference. May 13-15; Purdue University: Lafayette, Indiana.
15. Rittmann, B. E.; McCarty, P. L. (2000) Environmental Biotechnology- Principles and Applications; McGraw-Hill, Inc.: New York.
16. Roberts, M. H., Jr.; Casey, B. B. (1984) Water Chlorination: Chemistiy, Environmental Impact and Health Effects. Vol. 5, Chapter 40: Jolley, R. L., Bull, R. J., Davis, W. P., Katz, S., Roberts, M. H., Jr., Jacobs, V. A., Eds.; Lewis Publishers: Chelsea, Michigan.
17. Sawyer, B.; Zenz, D. R.; Lue-Hing, C.; Lordi, D. T.; Hill, R. (1998) Realistic Limits for Water Toxics: Greater Chicago Demonstrates Need for Site-Specific Standards. Water Environ. Technol., 10, 57.
18. Thorn, K. A.; Mikita, M. A. (2000) Nitrite Fixation by Humic Substances: 15N NMR Evidence for Potential Intermediates in Chemodenitrification. Soil Science Society America J., 64, 568-582.
19. Turk, O.; Mavinic, D. S. (1989) Stability of Nitrite Build-Up in an Activated Sludge System. J. Water Pollut. Contr. Fed., 61, 1440.
20. White, G. C.; Beebe, R. D.; Alford, V. F.; Sanders, H. A. (1983) Water Chlorination: Chemistry, Environmental Impact and Health Effects, Vol. 4, Chapter 79; Jolley, R. L., Bull, R. J., Davis, W. P., Katz, S., Roberts, M. H., Jr., Jacobs, V. A., Eds.; Ann Arbor Science: Ann Arbor, Michigan.
21. Williams, D. L. H. (1988) Nitrosation; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, United Kingdom.
22. Zheng, A; Dzombak, D. A.; Luthy, R. G.; Sawyer, B.; Lazouskas, W.; Tata, P.; Delaney, M. F.; Zilitinkevitch, L.; Sebroski, J. R.; Swartling, R. S.; Drop, S. M.; Flaherty, J. M. (2003) Evaluation and Testing of Analytical Methods for Cyanide Species in Municipal and Industrial Contaminated Waters. Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 107-115.
23. Zheng, A.; Dzombak, D. A.; Luthy, R. G. (2004a) Effects of Thiocyanate on the Formation of Free Cyanide during Chlorination and UV Disinfection of Publicly Owned Treatment Works Secondary Effluent. Water Environ. Res., 76, 205.
24. Zheng, A.; Dzombak, D. A.; Luthy, R. G. (2004b) Formation of Free Cyanide and Cyanogen Chloride from Chlorination of Publicly Owned Treatment Works Secondary Effluent: Laboratory Study with Model Compounds. Water Environ. Res., 76, 113.
25. Zheng, A.; Dzombak, D. A.; Luthy, R. G.; Kavanaugk, M. C.; Deeb, R. A. (2004c) The Occurrence of Cyanide Formation in Six Full-Scale Publicly Owned Treatment Works. Water Environ. Res., 76, 101.