Right-to-left shunt assessed by contrast transcranial doppler sonography: New insights

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine

Volumn 23, Issue 11, 2004, Pages 1475-1482

  Uzuner, Nevzat ^a,b,c   Horner, Susanna ^b   Pichler, Gerald ^b   Svetina, Daniela ^b   Niederkorn, Kurt ^b  

^a ESKISEHIR OSMANGAZI UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^b UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL GRAZ   (Austria)

^c OSMANGAZI UNIVERSITY MEDICAL FACULTY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

Cerebrovascular disease; Patent foramen ovale; Sonography; Transcranial Doppler sonography

Indexed keywords

CARDIOLOGY; DIAGNOSIS; DOPPLER EFFECT; MEDICAL IMAGING; PATIENT MONITORING; PATIENT TREATMENT; SIGNAL PROCESSING; ULTRASONICS;

CARDIOGRAPHY; CEREBRAL ARTERIES; DOPPLER SONOGRAPHY; GALACTOSE;

SONOCHEMISTRY;

CONTRAST MEDIUM; ECHOVIST; ECHOVIST 200; GALACTOSE; SODIUM CHLORIDE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT; CONTRAST TRANSCRANIAL DOPPLER ECHOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DOPPLER ECHOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HEART ATRIUM SEPTUM DEFECT; HEART RIGHT LEFT SHUNT; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MICROEMBOLIC SIGNAL; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; SIGNAL DETECTION; STROKE; TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; VALSALVA MANEUVER;

EID: 6944241293     PISSN: 02784297     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7863/jum.2004.23.11.1475     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Lynch JJ, Schuchard GH, Gross CM, Wann LS. Prevalence of right-to-left atrial shunting in a healthy population: detection by Valsalva maneuver contrast echocardiography. Am J Cardiol 1984; 53:1478-1480.
2. Hagen PT, Scholz DG, Edwards WD. Incidence and size of patent foramen ovale during the first 10 decades of life: an autopsy study of 965 normal hearts. Mayo Clin Proc 1984; 59:17-20.
3. Lechat P, Mas JL, Lascaut G, et al. Prevalence of patent foramen ovale in patients with stroke. N Engl J Med 1988; 318:1148-1152.
4. Hausmann D, Mugge A, Bect I, Daniel WG. Diagnosis of patent foramen ovale by transesophageal echocardiography and association with cerebral and peripheral embolic events. Am J Cardiol 1992; 70:668-672.
5. Ranoux D, Cohen A, Cabanes L, Amarenco P, Bousser MG, Mas JL. Patent foramen ovale: is stroke due to paradoxical embolism? Stroke 1993; 24:31-34.
6. Schminke U, Ries S, Daffertshofer M, Staedt U, Hennerici M. Patent foramen ovale: a potential source of cerebral embolism? Cerebrovasc Dis 1995; 5:133-138.
7. Chant H, Mc Collum C. Stroke in young adults: the role of paradoxical embolism. Thromb Haemost 2001; 85:22-29.
8. Stollberger C, Slany J, Schuster l, Leitner H, Winkler WB, Karnik R. The prevalence of deep venous thrombosis in patients with suspected paradoxical embolism. Ann Intern Med 1993; 119:461-465.
9. Ofori CS, Moore LC, Hepler G. Massive cerebral infarction caused by paradoxical embolism: detection by transesophageal echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1995; 8:563-566.
10. Kistler JP, Furie KL. Patent foramen ovale diameter and embolic stroke: a part of puzzle? Am J Med 2000; 109:506-507.
11. Kerut EK, Norfleet WT, Plotnick GD, Giles TD. Patent foramen ovale: a review of associated conditions and the impact of physiological size. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 38:613-623.
12. Pearson AC, Labovitz AJ, Tatinen S, Gomez CR, Superiority of transesophageal echocardiography in detecting cardiac source of embolism in patients with cerebral ischemia of uncertain etiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991; 17:66-72.
13. Louie EK, Konstadt SN, Rao TL, Scanlon PJ. Transesophageal echocardiographic diagnosis of right to left shunting across the foramen ovale in adults without prior stroke. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 21:1231-1237.
14. Mügge A, Daniel WG, Angermann C, et al. Atrial septal aneurysm in adult patients: a multicenter study using transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography. Circulation 1995; 91:1785-1792.
15. Nemec JJ, Marwick TH, Lorig RJ, et al. Comparison of transcranial Doppler ultrasound and transesophageal contrast echocardiography in detecting of interatrial right-to-left shunts. Am J Cardiol 1991; 68:1489-1502.
16. Anzola GP, Renaldini E, Magoni M, Costa A, Cobelli M, Guindani M. Validation of transcranial Doppler sonography in the assessment of patent foramen ovale. Cerebrovasc Dis 1995; 5:194-198.
17. Zanette EM, Mancini G, De Castro S, Solaro M, Cartoni D, Chiarotti F. Patent foramen ovale and transcranial Doppler: comparison of different procedures. Stroke 1996; 27:2251-2255.
18. Horner S, Ni XS, Weighs W, et al. Simultaneous bilateral contrast transcranial Doppler monitoring in patients with intracardiac and intrapulmonary shunts. J Neurol Sci 1997; 150:49-57.
19. Schwarze JJ, Sander D, Kukla C, Wittich I, Babikian VL, Klingelhofer J. Methodological parameters influence the detection of right-to-left shunts by contrast transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Stroke 1999; 30:1234-1239.
20. Droste DW, Kriete JU, Stypmann J, et al. Contrast transcranial Doppler ultrasound in the detection of right-to-left shunts: comparison of different procedures and different contrast agents. Stroke 1999; 30:1827-1832.
21. Jauss M, Zanette E. Detection of right-to-left shunt with ultrasound contrast agent and transcranial Doppler sonography. Cerebrovasc Dis 2000; 10: 490-496.
22. Angeli S, Del Sette M, Beelke M, Anzola GP, Zanette E. Transcranial Doppler in the diagnosis of cardiac patent foramen ovale. Neural Sci 2001; 22:353-356.
23. Droste DW, Jekentaite R, Stypmann J, et al. Contrast transcranial Doppler ultrasound in the detection of right-to-left shunts: comparison of Echovist-200 and Echovist-300, timing of the Valsalva maneuver, and general recommendations for the performance of the test. Cerebrovasc Dis 2002; 13:235-241.
24. Ringelstein EB, Droste DW, Babikian VL, et al. Consensus on microembolus detection by transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Stroke 1998; 29:725-729.
25. Homma S, Di Tullio MR, Sacco R, Mihalatos D, Li Mandri G, Mohr JP. Characteristics of patent foramen ovale associated with cryptogenic stroke: a biplane transesophageal echocardiographic study. Stroke 1994; 25:582-586.
26. Steiner M, Di Tullio MR, Rundek T, et al. Foramen ovale size and embolic brain imaging findings among patients with ischemic stroke. Stroke 1998; 29:944-948.
27. Serena J, Segura T, Perez-Ayuso MJ, Bassaganyas J, Molins A, Davalos A. The need to quantify right-to-left shunt in acute ischemic stroke: a case-control study. Stroke 1998; 29:1322-1328.
28. Schuchlenz HW, Weihs W, Horner S, Quehenberger F. The association between the diameter of a patent foramen ovale and the risk of embolic cerebrovascular events. Am J Med 2000; 109:456-462.