Spontaneous movement disorders in antipsychotic-naive patients with first-episode psychoses: A systematic review

Psychological Medicine

Volumn 39, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 1065-1076

  Pappa, S ^a   Dazzan, P ^a  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Antipsychotic naive; First episode psychosis; Spontaneous dyskinesia; Spontaneous movement disorders

Indexed keywords

NEUROLEPTIC AGENT;

BASAL GANGLION; CLINICAL EXAMINATION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; DYSKINESIA; EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYSTEM; HUMAN; MOTOR DYSFUNCTION; NEGATIVE SYNDROME; PARKINSONISM; PATHOGENESIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOSIS; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SPONTANEOUS MOVEMENT DISORDER; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; AKATHISIA; CHEMICALLY INDUCED DISORDER; COMORBIDITY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DRUG EFFECT; DYSTONIA; NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION; RESTLESSNESS;

AKATHISIA, DRUG-INDUCED; ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; COMORBIDITY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DYSKINESIA, DRUG-INDUCED; DYSKINESIAS; DYSTONIA; HUMANS; NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION; PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS; PSYCHOMOTOR AGITATION; PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS; SCHIZOPHRENIA;

EID: 69249229679     PISSN: 00332917     EISSN: 14698978     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291708004716     Document Type: Review

References (95)

1. Andreasen NC, Nopoulos P, O'Leary DS, Miller DD, Wassink T, Flaum M (1999). Defining the phenotype of schizophrenia : cognitive dysmetria and its neural mechanisms. Biological Psychiatry 46, 908-920. (Pubitemid 29452982)
2. Andreasen NC, Paradiso S, O'Leary DS (1998). ' Cognitive dysmetria' as an integrative theory of schizophrenia : a dysfunction in cortical-subcortical- cerebellar circuitry ? Schizophrenia Bulletin 24, 203-218.
3. Baldessarini RJ (1988). A summary of current knowledge of tardive dyskinesia. Encephale 14, 263-268.
4. Barnes TR (1989). A rating scale for drug-induced akathisia. British Journal of Psychiatry 154, 672-676.
5. Blowers AJ, Borison RL, Blowers CM, Bicknell DJ (1981). Abnormal involuntary movements in the elderly. British Journal of Psychiatry 139, 363-364.
6. Bocti C, Black DN, Waddington JL (2003). Dyskinesia in patients with schizophrenia never treated with antipsychotics : conceptual and pathophysiological implications. In Mental and Behavioral Dysfunction in Movement Disorders (ed. M. A. Bédard, Y. Agid, S. Chouinard, S. Fahn, A. Korczyn and P. Lesperance), pp. 489-498. Humana Press : Totowa.
7. Bourgeois M, Boueilh P, Tignol J (1980a). Spontaneous dyskinesia in the elderly and tardive dyskinesia of neuroleptics. A survey among 270 patients. Encephale 6, 37-39.
8. Bourgeois M, Bouilh P, Tignol J, Yesavage J (1980b). Spontaneous dyskinesias vs neuroleptic-induced dyskinesias in 270 elderly subjects. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 168, 177-178. (Pubitemid 10154961)
9. Brown KW, White T (1992). The influence of topography on the cognitive and psychopathological effects of tardive dyskinesia. American Journal of Psychiatry 149, 1385-1389.
10. Caligiuri MP, Bracha HS, Lohr JB (1989). Asymmetry of neuroleptic-induced rigidity : development of quantitative methods and clinical correlates. Psychiatry Research 30, 275-284.
11. Caligiuri MP, Lohr JB (1997). Instrumental motor predictors of neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism in newly medicated schizophrenia patients. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 9, 562-567.
12. Caligiuri MP, Lohr JB, Jeste DV (1993). Parkinsonism in neuroleptic-naive schizophrenic patients. American Journal of Psychiatry 150, 1343-1348.
13. Casey DE (1985). Spontaneous and tardive dyskinesias : clinical and laboratory studies. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 46, 42-47. (Pubitemid 15096649)
14. Chakos MH, Alvir JM, Woerner MG, Koreen A, Geisler S, Mayerhoff D, Sobel S, Kane JM, Borenstein M, Lieberman JA (1996). Incidence and correlates of tardive dyskinesia in first episode of schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 53, 313-319. (Pubitemid 26115304)
15. Chakos MH, Mayerhoff DI, Loebel AD, Alvir JM, Lieberman JA (1992). Incidence and correlates of acute extrapyramidal symptoms in first episode of schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology Bulletin 28, 81-86.
16. Chatterjee A, Chakos M, Koreen A, Geisler S, Sheitman B, Woerner M, Kane JM, Alvir J, Lieberman JA (1995). Prevalence and clinical correlates of extrapyramidal signs and spontaneous dyskinesia in never-medicated schizophrenic patients. American Journal of Psychiatry 152, 1724-1729.
17. Chong SA, Subramaniam M, Verma S (2005). Spontaneous parkinsonism in antipsychotic-naive patients with first-episode psychosis. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 50, 429-431. (Pubitemid 43161814)
18. Chorfi M, Moussaoui D (1985). Never treated schizophrenic patients have no abnormal movements such as tardive dyskinesia. Encephale 11, 263-265.
19. Chouinard G, Ross-Chouinard A, Annable L, Jones BD (1980). The Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences 7, 233.
20. Correll CU, Leucht S, Kane JM (2004). Lower risk for tardive dyskinesia associated with second-generation antipsychotics : a systematic review of 1-year studies. American Journal of Psychiatry 161, 414-425. (Pubitemid 38326094)
21. Cortese L, Caligiuri MP, Malla AK, Manchanda R, Takhar J, Haricharan R (2005). Relationship of neuromotor disturbances to psychosis symptoms in first-episode neuroleptic-naive schizophrenia patients. Schizophrenia Research 75, 65-75. (Pubitemid 40487975)
22. Crane GE (1978). Parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia. American Journal of Psychiatry 135, 619-620.
23. Crow TJ (1985). The two-syndrome concept : origins and current status. Schizophrenia Bulletin 11, 471-486.
24. Crow TJ, Cross AJ, Johnstone EC, Owen F, Owens DG, Waddington JL (1982). Abnormal involuntary movements in schizophrenia : are they related to the disease process or its treatment ? Are they associated with changes in dopamine receptors ? Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2, 336-340.
25. Csernansky JG, Murphy GM, Faustman WO (1991). Limbic/mesolimbic connections and the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry 30, 383-400.
26. Dazzan P, Morgan KD, Chitnis X, Suckling J, Morgan C, Fearon P, McGuire PK, Jones PB, Leff J, Murray RM (2006). The structural brain correlates of neurological soft signs in healthy individuals. Cerebral Cortex 16, 1225-1231. (Pubitemid 44025391)
27. Dazzan P, Morgan KD, Orr KG, Hutchinson G, Chitnis X, Suckling J, Fearon P, Salvo J, McGuire PK, Mallett RM, Jones PB, Leff J, Murray RM (2004). The structural brain correlates of neurological soft signs in AESOP first-episode psychoses study. Brain 127, 143-153. (Pubitemid 38055353)
28. Draganski B, Kherif F, Klöppel S, Cook PA, Alexander DC, Parker GJ, Deichmann R, Ashburner J, Frackowiak RS (2008). Evidence for segregated and integrative connectivity patterns in the human basal ganglia. Journal of Neuroscience 28, 7143-7152.
29. Eastham JH, Lacro HP, Jeste DV (1996). Ethnicity and movement disorders. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine 63, 314-319.
30. Emsley R, Turner HJ, Oosthuizen PP, Carr J (2005). Neurological abnormalities in first-episode schizophrenia : temporal stability and clinical and outcome correlates. Schizophrenia Research 75, 35-44. (Pubitemid 40487972)
31. Fenn DS, Moussaoui D, Hoffman WF, Kadri N, Bentounssi B, Tilane A, Khomeis M, Casey DE (1996). Movements in never-medicated schizophrenics : a preliminary study. Psychopharmacology 123, 206-210. (Pubitemid 126422941)
32. Fenton WS (2000). Prevalence of spontaneous dyskinesia in schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 61 (Suppl. 4), 10-14.
33. Fenton WS, Wyatt RJ, McGlashan TH (1994). Risk factors for spontaneous dyskinesia in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 51, 643-650. (Pubitemid 24249106)
34. Friedman JH (2004). Historical perspective on movement disorders. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 65 (Suppl. 9), 3-8.
35. Gerlach J, Casey DE (1988). Tardive dyskinesia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 77, 369-378.
36. Gerlach J, Korsgaard S, Clemmesen P, Lauersen AM, Magelund G, Noring U, Povlsen UJ, Bech P, Casey DE (1993). The St. Hans Rating Scale for extrapyramidal syndromes: reliability and validity. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 87, 244-252.
37. Gervin M, Browne S, Lane A, Clarke M, Waddington JL, Larkin C, O'Callaghan E (1998). Spontaneous abnormal involuntary movements in first-episode schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder : baseline rate in a group of patients from an Irish catchment area. American Journal of Psychiatry 155, 1202-1206. (Pubitemid 28402513)
38. Graybiel AM (1997). The basal ganglia and cognitive pattern generators. Schizophrenia Bulletin 23, 459-469. (Pubitemid 27427985)
39. Green AI, Lieberman JA, Hamer RM, Glick ID, Gur RE, Kahn RS, McEvoy JP, Perkins DO, Rothschild AJ, Sharma T, Tohen MF, Woolson S, Zipursky RB; the HGDH Study Group (2006). Olanzapine and haloperidol in first episode psychosis : two-year data. Schizophrenia Research 86, 234-243. (Pubitemid 44251272)
40. Gur RE, Gur RC, Skolnick BE, Caroff S, Obrist WD, Resnick S, Reivich M (1985). Brain function in psychiatric disorders. III. Regional cerebral blood flow in unmedicated schizophrenics. Archives of General Psychiatry 42, 329-334.
41. Günther W, Petsch R, Steinberg R, Moser E, Streck P, Heller H, Kurtz G, Hippius H (1991). Brain dysfunction during motor activation and corpus callosum alterations in schizophrenia measured by cerebral blood flow and magnetic resonance imaging. Biological Psychiatry 29, 535-555.
42. Hernan Silva I, Jerez CS, Ruiz TA, Seguel LM, Court LJ, Labarca BR (1994). Lack of involuntary abnormal movements in untreated schizophrenic patients. Actas Luso Espanolas de Neurologia, Psiquiatria y Ciencias Afines 22, 200-202.
43. Hoffman W, Kadri N, Fenn D, Tilane A, Green C, Lakloumi M, Bousaid F, Bentounssi B, Moussaoui D, Casey D (1996). Choreo-athetoid movements occur spontaneously in never-medicated patients with schizophrenia. European Neuropharmacology 6, (Suppl. 3), 223.
44. Honer WG, Kopala LC, Rabinowitz J (2005). Extrapyramidal symptoms and signs in first-episode, antipsychotic exposed and non-exposed patients with schizophrenia or related psychotic illness. Journal of Psychopharmacology 19, 277-285.
45. Hunter RH, Joy CB, Kennedy E, Gilbody SM, Song F (2003). Risperidone versus typical antipsychotic medication for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Issue no. 2. Art. no. CD000440.
46. Jager A (2000). Abnormal movements in first episode psychosis. Australian Psychiatry 8, 38-41.
47. Kane JM (2004). Tardive dyskinesia rates with atypical antipsychotics in adults : prevalence and incidence. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 65 (Suppl. 9), 16-20.
48. Kane JM, Smith JM (1982). Tardive dyskinesia : prevalence and risk factors, 1959 to 1979. Archives of General Psychiatry 39, 473-481.
49. Kane JM, Weinhold P, Kinon B, Wegner J, Leader M (1982). Prevalence of abnormal involuntary movements ('spontaneous dyskinesias') in the normal elderly. Psychopharmacology 77, 105-108.
50. Kane JM, Woerner M, Lieberman J (1988). Epidemiological aspects of tardive dyskinesia. Encephale 14, 191-194.
51. Keshavan MS, Rosenberg D, Sweeney JA, Pettegrew JW (1998). Decreased caudate volume in neuroleptic-naive psychotic patients. American Journal of Psychiatry 155, 774-778. (Pubitemid 28252656)
52. Keshavan MS, Sanders RD, Sweeney JA, Diwadkar VA, Goldstein G, Pettegrew JW, Schooler NR (2003). Diagnostic specificity and neuroanatomical validity of neurological abnormalities in first-episode psychoses. American Journal of Psychiatry 160, 1298-1304. (Pubitemid 41070947)
53. Klawans HL, Barr A (1982). Prevalence of spontaneous lingual-facial- buccal dyskinesias in the elderly. Neurology 32, 558-559. (Pubitemid 12161363)
54. Kopala LC, Good KP, Honer WG (1997). Extrapyramidal signs and clinical symptoms in first-episode schizophrenia : response to low-dose risperidone. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 17, 308-313.
55. Kopala LC, Good KP, Milliken H, Buiteman C, Woodley H, Rui Q, Whitehorn D, Love L, Balshaw R, Kiss I, Honer WG (2006). Treatment of a first episode of psychotic illness with quetiapine : an analysis of 2 year outcomes. Schizophrenia Research 81, 29-39. (Pubitemid 41817204)
56. Kraepelin E (1919). Dementia Praecox. Livingstone : Edinburgh.
57. Lawrie SM, Byrne M, Miller P, Hodges A, Clafferty RA, Cunningham Owens DG, Johnstone EC (2001). Neurodevelopmental indices and the development of psychotic symptoms in subjects at high risk of schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry 178, 524-530. (Pubitemid 32531745)
58. Liddle PF, Lane CJ, Ngan ET (2000). Immediate effects of risperidone on cortico-striato-thalamic loops and the hippocampus. British Journal of Psychiatry, 177, 402-407.
59. McCreadie RG, Latha S, Thara R, Padmavathi R, Ayankaran JR (1997). Poor memory, negative symptoms and abnormal movements in never-treated Indian patients with schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry 171, 360-363. (Pubitemid 27441559)
60. McCreadie RG, Ohaeri JU (1994). Movement disorder in never and minimally treated Nigerian schizophrenic patients. British Journal of Psychiatry 164, 184-189.
61. McCreadie RG, Srinivasan TN, Padmavati R, Thara R (2005). Extrapyramidal symptoms in unmedicated schizophrenia. Journal of Psychiatric Research 39, 261-266.
62. McCreadie RG, Thara R, Kamath S, Padmavathy R, Latha S, Mathrubootham N, Menon MS (1996). Abnormal movements in never-medicated Indian patients with schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry 168, 221-226. (Pubitemid 26000571)
63. Mehler-Wex C, Riederer P, Gerlach M (2006). Dopaminergic dysbalance in distinct basal ganglia neurocircuits : implications for the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neurotoxicity Research 10, 167-179.
64. Menon V, Anagnoson RT, Glover GH, Pfefferbaum A (2001). Functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence for disrupted basal ganglia function in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 158, 646-649. (Pubitemid 32289833)
65. Montastruc JL, Llau ME, Rascol O, Senard JM (1994). Drug-induced parkinsonism: a review. Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology 8, 293-306.
66. Müller JL, Deuticke C, Putzhammer A, Röder CH, Hajak G, Winkler J (2003). Schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease lead to equal motor-related changes in cortical and subcortical brain activation : an fMRI fingertapping study. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 57, 562-568. (Pubitemid 37462997)
67. Owens DG (1999). A Guide to the Extrapyramidal Side-effects of Antipsychotic Drugs. Cambridge University Press : Cambridge.
68. Owens DG, Johnstone EC, Frith CD (1982). Spontaneous involuntary disorders of movement: their prevalence, severity, and distribution in chronic schizophrenics with and without treatment with neuroleptics. Archives of General Psychiatry 39, 452-461.
69. Peralta V, Cuesta MJ (1999). Negative parkinsonian, depressive and catatonic symptoms in schizophrenia : a conflict of paradigms revisited. Schizophrenia Research 40, 245-253.
70. Peralta V, Cuesta MJ, Martinez-Larrea A, Serrano JF (2000). Differentiating primary from secondary negative symptoms in schizophrenia : a study of neuroleptic-naive patients before and after treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry 157, 1461-1466. (Pubitemid 30677139)
71. Puri BK, Barnes TR, Chapman MJ, Hutton SB, Joyce EM (1999). Spontaneous dyskinesia in first episode schizophrenia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 66, 76-78.
72. Rogers D (1985). The motor disorders of severe psychiatric illness : a conflict of paradigms. British Journal of Psychiatry 147, 221-232.
73. Sandyk R, Kay SR (1991a). Drug-induced parkinsonism : relationship to age at onset of schizophrenia. Functional Neurology 6, 151-157.
74. Sandyk R, Kay SR (1991b). The relationship of tardive dyskinesia to positive schizophrenia. International Journal of Neuroscience 56, 107-139.
75. Sandyk R, Kay SR (1992). 'Positive' and 'negative' movement disorders in schizophrenia. International Journal of Neuroscience 66, 143-151.
76. Schooler NR, Kane JM (1982). Research diagnoses for tardive dyskinesia. Archives of General Psychiatry 39, 486-487.
77. Schooler N, Rabinowitz J, Davidson M, Emsley R, Harvey PD, Kopala L, McGorry PD, Van Hove I, Eerdekens M, Swyzen W, De Smedt G; Early Psychosis global Working Group (2006). Risperidone and haloperidol in first-episode psychosis : a long-term randomized trial. Schizophrenia Research 162, 947-953.
78. Schröder J, Niethammer R, Geider FJ, Reitz C, Binkert M, Jauss M, Sauer H (1991). Neurological soft signs in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research 6, 25-30.
79. Simpson GM, Angus JW (1970). A rating scale for extrapyramidal side effects. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (Suppl.) 212, S11-S19.
80. Simpson GM, Lee JH, Zoubok B, Gardos G (1979). A rating scale for tardive dyskinesia. Psychopharmacology 64, 171-179.
81. Srinivasan TN, Thara R, Padmavathi R, McCreadie RG (2001). Relationship of extrapyramidal symptoms to age at onset and drug treatment in middle-aged and elderly schizophrenic patients. Schizophrenia Research 47, 69-75. (Pubitemid 32121772)
82. Stahl SM (2000). Essential Psychopharmacology, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press : New York.
83. Tenback DE, Van Harten PN, Slooff CJ, Van Os J (2006). Evidence that early extrapyramidal symptoms predict later tardive dyskinesia : a prospective analysis of 10,000 patients in the European Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcomes (SOHO) study. American Journal of Psychiatry 163, 1438-1440.
84. Tomer R, Mintz M, Kempler S, Sigal M (1987). Lateralized neuroleptic-induced side effects are associated with asymmetric visual evoked potentials. Psychiatry Research 22, 311-318. (Pubitemid 18016506)
85. Torrey EF (2002). Studies of individuals with schizophrenia never treated with antipsychotic medications : a review. Schizophrenia Research 58, 101-115.
86. Turner T (1989). Rich and mad in Victorian England. Psychological Medicine 19, 29-44.
87. Utter A, Basso M (2008). The basal ganglia : an overview of circuits and function. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 32, 333-342. (Pubitemid 351192948)
88. Venkatasubramanian G, Latha V, Gangadhar BN, Janakiramaiah N, Subbakrishna DK, Jayakumar PN, Keshavan MS (2003). Neurological soft signs in never-treated schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 108, 144-146. (Pubitemid 36801807)
89. Waddington JL, O'Callaghan E, Larkin C, Kinsella A (1993). Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia : organic vulnerability factor or state marker for tardive dyskinesia ? Brain and Cognition 23, 56-70.
90. Waddington JL, Youssef HA (1985). Late onset involuntary movements in chronic schizophrenia : age-related vulnerability to 'tardive' dyskinesia independent of extent of neuroleptic medication. Irish Medical Journal 78, 143-146.
91. Waddington JL, Youssef HA (1990). The lifetime outcome and involuntary movements of schizophrenia never treated with neuroleptic drugs. Four rare cases in Ireland. British Journal of Psychiatry 156, 106-108.
92. Waddington JL, Youssef HA, Dolphin C, Kinsella A (1987). Cognitive dysfunction, negative symptoms, and tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia. Their association in relation to topography of involuntary movements and criterion of their abnormality. Archives of General Psychiatry 44, 907-912.
93. White T, Brown KW, Woods JP (1991). Tardive dyskinesia and positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 83, 377-379.
94. Whitehorn D, Kopala LC (2002). Neuromotor dysfunction in early psychosis. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry 14, 113-121.
95. Yarden PE, DiScipio WJ (1971). Abnormal movements and prognosis in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 128, 317-323.