Subsidiary headquarters: The urban geography of the "second tier" of corporate decision-making activity in North America

Urban Geography

Volumn 30, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 289-311

  Rice, Murray D ^a   Pooler, James A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN   (Canada)

Author keywords

Headquarters head offices; Quaternary location theory; Subsidiarics

Indexed keywords

CORPORATE STRATEGY; DECISION MAKING; GLOBAL ECONOMY; LOCATION THEORY; METROPOLITAN AREA; QUATERNARY; URBAN ECONOMY; URBAN GEOGRAPHY;

CANADA; NEW YORK [UNITED STATES]; NORTH AMERICA; ONTARIO [CANADA]; TORONTO; UNITED STATES;

EID: 69249216665     PISSN: 02723638     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2747/0272-3638.30.3.289     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Berry, B. J. L., 1973, Growth Centers in the American Urban System. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
2. Berry, B. J. L., 1981, Comparative Urbanisation. London, UK: Macmillan.
3. Black, W. R., 2003, Transportation: A Geographic Analysis. New York, NY: Guilford.
4. Brunn, S. D. and Leinbach, T. R., 1991, Collapsing Space and Time: Geographic Aspects of Communication and Information. London, UK: HarperCollins.
5. Conway, D. and Heynen, N., 2006, Globalization's Contradictions: Geographies of Discipline, Destruction and Transformation. London, UK, and New York, NY: Routledge.
6. DeYoung, R. and Klier, T., 2004, Why Bank One left Chicago: One piece in a bigger puzzle. Chicago Fed Letter, Vol. 201, 1-5.
7. Dicken, P., 2003, Global Shift: Reshaping the Global Economic Map in the 21st Century, 4th Edition. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
8. Ebdon, D., 1985, Statistics in Geography, 2nd Edition. Cambridge, UK: Blackwell.
9. Essletzbichler, J., 2004, The geography of job creation and destruction in the U.S. manufacturing sector, 1967-1997. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 94, 602-619.
10. Fujita, M. and Gokan, T., 2005, On the evolution of the spatial economy with multi-unit, multi-plant firms: The impact of IT development. Portuguese Economic Journal, Vol. 4, 73-105.
11. Gad, G., 1985, Office location dynamics in Toronto: Suburbanization and central district specialization. Urban Geography, Vol. 6, 331-351.
12. Green, M. B., 1985, Canadian corporate joint venture activity, 1971-1981: Aggregate patterns. Urban Geography, Vol. 6, 352-369.
13. Holloway, S. R. and Wheeler, J. O., 1991, Corporate headquarters relocation and changes in metropolitan corporate dominance, 1980-1987. Economic Geography, Vol. 67, 54-74.
14. Holm, U., Malmberg, A., and Solvell, O., 2003, Subsidiary impact on host-country economies - The case of foreign-owned subsidiaries attracting investment into Sweden. Journal of Economic Geography, Vol. 3, 389-408.
15. Klier, T., 2006, Where the headquarters are: Location patterns of large public companies, 1990-2000. Economic Development Quarterly, Vol. 20, 117-128.
16. Klier, T. and Testa, W., 2002, Location trends of large company headquarters during the 1990s. Economic Perspectives, Second Quarter, 12-26.
17. Lösch, A., 1954, The Economics of Location. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
18. Lyons, D., 1995, Changing business opportunities: The geography of rapidly growing small U.S. private firms, 1982-1992. The Professional Geographer, Vol. 47, 388-398.
19. MacKenzie, A., 2007, The number game: GM is about to take a step down. Motor Trend, Vol. 59, No. 3, 10.
20. Markusen, A. R., 1985, Profit Cycles, Oligopoly, and Regional Development. Cambridge, MA: The M.I.T. Press.
21. Martz, D. J. F. and Semple, R. K., 1985, Hierarchical decision-making structure within the Canadian urban system: The case of banking. Urban Geography, Vol. 6, 316-330.
22. Meyer, S. P. and Green, M. B., 2003, Headquarters in Canada: An analysis of spatial patterns. Urban Geography, Vol. 24, 232-252.
23. Mitchelson, R. L. and Wheeler, J. O., 1994, The flow of information in a global economy: The role of the American urban system in 1990. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 84, 87-107.
24. Morgan, K., 2004, The exaggerated death of geography: Learning, proximity and territorial innovation systems. Journal of Economic Geography, Vol. 4, 3-21.
25. O'Hagan, S. B. and Green, M. B., 2002, Tacit knowledge transfer via interlocking directorates: A comparison of Canada and the United States. Geografiska Annaler, Vol. 84B, 49-63.
26. O'Hagan, S. B. and Green, M. B., 2004, Corporate knowledge transfer via interlocking directorates: A network analysis approach. Geoforum, Vol. 35, 127-139.
27. Poon, J. H. and Thompson, E. R., 2003, Developmental and quiescent subsidiaries in the Asia Pacific: Evidence from Hong Kong, Singapore, Shanghai, and Sydney. Economic Geography, Vol. 79, 195-214.
28. Rice, M. D., 2005, Evolving business centres in Canada: The Establishment vs. the Next Wave. The Great Lakes Geographer, Vol. 12, 1-18.
29. Rice, M. D., 2006, Dominant national centers: A comparative analysis of the headquarters communities of New York and Toronto. Industrial Geographer, Vol. 4, 28-50.
30. Rice, M. D. and Lyons, D., 2007, Consistent business generators: Urban leaders in Canada's Next Wave. Canadian Journal of Regional Science, Vol. 30, 91-112.
31. Sassen, S., 2001, The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo, Second Edition. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
32. Sassen, S., 2006, Cities in a World Economy, Third Edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
33. Semple, R. K., 1973, Recent trends in the concentration of corporate headquarters. Economic Geography, Vol. 49, 309-318.
34. Semple, R. K., 1977, The spatial concentration of domestic and foreign multinational headquarters in Canada. Cahiers de Géographie du Québec, Vol. 21, 33-51.
35. Semple, R. K., 1985, Toward a quaternary place theory. Urban Geography, Vol. 6, 285-296.
36. Semple, R. K. and Phipps, A. G., 1982, The spatial evolution of corporate headquarters within an urban system. Urban Geography, Vol. 3, 258-279.
37. Shilton, L. and Stanley, C., 1999, Spatial patterns of headquarters. Journal of Real Estate Research, Vol. 17, 341-364.
38. Smith, A. D., 2007, Videoconferencing takes off with improved technology. The Dallas Morning News, September 11, p. 1D.
39. Sorenson, D. J., 1997, An empirical evaluation of profit cycle theory. Journal of Regional Science, Vol. 37, 275-305.
40. Taggart, J. H., 1998, Strategy shifts in MNC subsidiaries. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 19, 663-681.
41. Vernon, R., 1966, International investment and international trade in the product cycle. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 80, 190-207.
42. Vertova, G., 2006, The Changing Economic Geography of Globalization. London, UK, and New York, NY: Routledge.
43. Weber, A., 1929, The Theory of the Location of Industries. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
44. Wheeler, J. O., 1988, The corporate role of large metropolitan areas in the United States. Growth and Change, Vol. 19, 75-86.
45. Wheeler, J. O. and Dillon, P. M., 1985, The wealth of the nation: Spatial dimensions of U.S. metropolitan commercial banking: 1970-1980. Urban Geography, Vol. 6, 297-315.
46. Wheeler, J. O. and Mitchelson, R. L., 1989, Information flows among major metropolitan areas in the United States. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 79, 523-543.
47. Wood, G. and Parr, A., 2005, Transaction costs, agglomeration economies, and industrial location. Growth and Change, Vol. 26, 1-15.
48. Yeung, H. W., 2000, Embedding foreign affiliates in transnational business networks: The case of Hong Kong firms in Southeast Asia. Environment and Planning A, Vol. 32, 201-222.