Variability of unconfined compressive strength in relation to number of test samples

Engineering Geology

Volumn 108, Issue 1-2, 2009, Pages 16-23

  Ruffolo, Richard M ^a   Shakoor, Abdul ^b  

^a GAI Consultants Inc   (United States)

^b KENT STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Confidence interval; Sample number; Standard deviation; Unconfined compressive strength; Variability

Indexed keywords

CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; SAMPLE NUMBER; STANDARD DEVIATION; UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; VARIABILITY;

CEMENTS; CORE SAMPLES; ROCKS; STATISTICAL TESTS; STATISTICS;

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH;

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; ESTIMATION METHOD; ROCK PROPERTY; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 69249216400     PISSN: 00137952     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2009.05.011     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. American Society for Testing and Materials. Soil and rock. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 4.08, 4 (1993) 1000
2. American Society for Testing and Materials. Soil and rock. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 4.08, 4 (2002) 1057
3. American Society for Testing and Materials. Soil and rock. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 14.02, 4 (1989)
4. Bell F.G. The physical and mechanical properties of the Fell sandstones, Northumberland, England. Engineering Geology 12 (1978) 1-29
5. Bieniawski Z.T. Estimating the strength of rock materials. Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 74 (1974) 312-320
6. Bieniawski Z.T. Suggested methods for determining the uniaxial compressive strength and deformability of rock materials. In: Brown E.T. (Ed). International Society for Rock Mechanics Commission on Standardization of Laboratory and Field Tests. International Journal of Rock Mechanics, Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts vol. 16, 2 (1979) 135-140
7. Borradaile G. Statistics of Earth Science Data, Their Distribution in Time, Space, and Orientation (2003), Springer Verlag, Berlin 351
8. Brace W.F. Dependence of fracture strength of rocks on grain size. Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on Rock Mechanics, University Park, Pennsylvania (1961) 99-103
9. Bury K. Statistical Distributions in Engineering (1999), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 362
10. Coates D.F., and Parsons R.C. Experimental criteria for classification of rock substances. International Journal of Rock Mechanics, Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts 3 (1966) 181-189
11. D'Andrea D.V., Fischer R.L., and Fogelson D.E. Prediction of compressive strength from other rock properties. United States Bureau of Mines. Report of Investigation No. 6702 (1965) 29p.
12. Duzgun H.S.B., Yuceman M.S., and Karpuz C.A. A probabilistic model for the assessment of uncertainties in the shear strength of rock discontinuities. International Journal of Rock Mechanics, Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts 39 (2002) 743-754
13. Dyke C.G., and Dobereiner L. Evaluating the strength and deformability of sandstones. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology 24 (1991) 123-124
14. Fahy M.P., and Guccione M.J. Estimating strength of sandstone using petrograhic thin-section data. Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists 36 4 (1979) 467-485
15. Gill, D.E., 1963. Uniaxial Compression as an Element in a Classification of Rocks: M.S. Thesis, McGill University, 184.
16. Gill D.E., Corthesy R., and Leite M.H. Determining the minimal number of specimens for laboratory testing of rock properties. Engineering Geology 78 (2005) 29-51
17. Gyenge M., and Ladanyi B. Sampling and specimen preparation. Pit Slope Manual Supplement 3-5. Canada Center for Mineral and Energy Technology 77-79 (1973) 30
18. Hale P.A., and Shakoor A. A laboratory investigation of the effects of cyclic heating and cooling, wetting and drying, and freezing and thawing on the compressive strength of selected sandstones. Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 9 2 (2003) 117-130
19. Haney M.G., and Shakoor A. The relationship between tensile and compressive strengths for selected sandstones as influenced by index properties and petrographic characteristics. Proceedings of the 7th Congress of the International Association of Engineering Geology, Lisbon, Portugal vol. 2 (1994) 493-500
20. Hartly A. A review of the geological factors influencing the mechanical properties of road surface aggregation. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology 7 (1974) 69-100
21. Hawkins A.B. Aspects of rock strength. Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology 57 (1998) 17-30
22. Hawkins A.B., and McConnell B.J. Sensitivity of sandstone strength and deformability to changes in moisture content. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology 25 2 (1992) 115-130
23. Hoek E. Rock fracture under static stress conditions. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Report, MEG 383, South Africa (1965)
24. Hogg R.V., and Ledolter J. Applied Statistics for Engineers and Physical Scientists (1992), Macmillan, New York 472p.
25. Hoshimo K. Effect of porosity on the strength of the clastic sedimentary rocks. Proceedings of the Congress of the International Society for Rock Mechanics vol. 2, No. 3, Part A (1974) 511-516
26. Hsu S.C., and Nelson P.P. Characterization of the Eagle Ford shale. Engineering Geology 67 (2002) 169-183
27. Kennedy J.B., and Neville A.M. Basic Statistics for Engineers and Scientists (1976), IEP, New York 490
28. Olsson W.A. Grain size dependence in yield stress in marble. Journal of Geophysical Research 79 32 (1974) 4859-4861
29. Palchik V. Influence of porosity and elastic modulus on uniaxial compressive strength in soft brittle porous sandstones. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 32 4 (1999) 303-309
30. Pitts J. A Manual of Geology for Civil Engineers (1984), John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York 216
31. Rohde J., and Feng H. Analysis of the variability of unconfined compression tests of rock. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 23 (1990) 231-236
32. Ruffolo, R.M., 2006. Variability of unconfined compressive strength measurements of rock in relation to the number of core samples tested. Unpublished M.S. thesis, Department of Geology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, U.S.A., 119 p.
33. Santi P.M. Comparison of weak and weathered rock classification systems. In: Santi P.M., and Shakoor A. (Eds). Proceedings of the Symposium on Characterization of Weak and Weathered Rock Masses. Association of Engineering Geologists Special Publication vol. 9 (1997) 139-159
34. Sari M., and Karpuz C. Rock variability and establishing pressure levels for triaxial tests on rocks. Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 43 (2006) 328-335
35. Singh S.K. Relationship among fatigue strength, mean grain size, and compressive strength of a rock. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 21 4 (1988) 271-276
36. Shakoor A., and Bonelli A. Relationship between petrographic characteristics, engineering properties, and mechanical properties of selected sandstones. Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists 28 1 (1991) 55-71
37. Smith G.N. Probability and Statistics in Civil Engineering (1986), Nichols Publishing Company, New York 244
38. Spatz C. Basic Statistics Tales of Distributions (1993), Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, California 466
39. Ulusay R., Tureli K., and Ider M.H. Prediction of engineering properties of a selected litharenite sandstone from its petrographic characteristics using correlation and multivariate statistical techniques. Engineering Geology 38 1-2 (1994) 135-157
40. Vutukuri V.S., Lama R.D., and Saluja S.S. Handbook on Mechanical Properties of Rocks, 1 (1974), Trans. Tech. Publications, Clausthal, Germany 280
41. White G., and Gnanendran C.T. Variability in unconfined compression strength of pavement materials stabilized with cementitious binders. Australian Road Research Board. Australian Transport Research Conference (2003)
42. Winkler E.M. A durability index for stone. Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists 23, 3 (1986) 239-347
43. Yamaguchi U. The number of test-pieces required to determine strength of rock. International Journal of Rock Mechanics, Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts 7 2 (1970) 209-207