Dementia in a retired world boxing champion: Case report and literature review

Clinical Neuropathology

Volumn 28, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 275-280

  Nowak, L A ^a   Smith, G G ^b,c   Reyes, Patricio F ^a  

^a BARROW NEUROLOGICAL INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^c VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Dementia pugilistica; Traumatic brain injury; Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome

Indexed keywords

APOLIPOPROTEIN E;

AGED; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL HEART PACEMAKER; AUTOPSY; BOXING; BRAIN ATROPHY; BRAIN INFARCTION; CASE REPORT; CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DEMENTIA; GENOTYPE; GLIOSIS; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; HYPERTENSION; INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; LOCUS CERULEUS; MALE; MAMMILLARY BODY; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLE; OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE; PNEUMONIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETIREMENT; SENILE PLAQUE; SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM; SUBSTANTIA NIGRA;

AGED; ARRHYTHMIAS, CARDIAC; BOXING; BRAIN INJURIES; CEREBRAL INFARCTION; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DEMENTIA; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1; HEART FAILURE; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; KORSAKOFF SYNDROME; MALE; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; SENILE PLAQUES;

EID: 69249158214     PISSN: 07225091     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2379/NPX0800     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Braak H, Braak E. Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes. Acta Neuropathol. 1991; 82: 239-259.
2. Casson IR, Siegel O, Sham R, Campbell EA, Tarlau M, DiDomenico A. Brain damage in modern boxers. JAMA. 1984; 251: 2663-2667.
3. Clausen H, McCrory P, Anderson V. The risk of chronic traumatic brain injury in professional boxing: change in exposure variables over the past century. Br J Sports Med. 2005; 39: 661-664.
4. Corsellis JAN, Bruton CJ, Freeman-Browne D. The aftermath of boxing. Psychol Med. 1973; 3: 270-303.
5. Dale GE, Leigh PN, Luthert P, Anderton BH, Roberts GW. Neurofibrillary tangles in dementia pugilistica are ubiquitinated. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1991; 54: 116-118.
6. Drachman DA, Newell KL. A 67-year-old man with 3 years of dementia: presentation of case. N Engl J Med. 1999; 340: 1269-1277.
7. Erlanger DM, Kutner KC, Barth JT, Barnes R. Neuropsychology of sports-related head injury: dementia pugilistica to post concussion syndrome. Clin Neuropsychol. 1999; 13: 193-209.
8. Gonzales TA. Fatal injuries in competitive sports. J Am Med Assoc. 1951; 146: 1506-1511.
9. Gorevic PD, Goñi F, Pons-Estel B, Alvarez F, Peress NS, Frangione B. Isolation and partial characterization of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaque core in Alzheimer's disease: immunohistological studies. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1986; 45: 647-649.
10. Gurdjian ES, Webster JE. Carotid artery compression as employed both in the past and in the present. J Neurosurg. 1958; 15: 372-384.
11. Guterman A, Smith RW. Neurological sequelae of boxing. Sports Med. 1987; 4: 194-210.
12. Harper C, Fornes P, Duyckaerts C, Lecomte D, Hauw JJ. An international perspective on the prevalence of the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Metab Brain Dis. 1995; 10: 17-24.
13. Hof PR, Bouras C, Buee L, Delacourte A, Perl DP, Morrison JH. Differential distribution of neurofibrillary tangles in the cerebral cortex of dementia pugilistica and Alzheimer's disease cases. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1992; 85: 23-30.
14. Hughes JT, Brownel B. Traumatic thrombosis of the internal carotid artery in the neck. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1968; 31: 307-314.
15. Isherwood I, Mawdsley C, Ferguson FR. Pneumoence-phalographic changes in boxers. Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh). 1966; 5: 654-661.
16. Jordan BD. Chronic traumatic brain injury associated with boxing. Semin Neurol. 2000; 20: 179-185.
17. Kelestimur F, Tanriverdi F, Atmaca H, Unluhizarci K, Selcuklu A, Casanueva FF. Boxing as a sport activity associated with isolated GH deficiency. J Endocrinol Invest. 2004; 27: RC28-32.
18. Letenneur L. Risk of dementia and alcohol and wine consumption: a review of recent results. Biol Res. 2004; 37: 189-192.
19. Martland HS. Punch drunk. JAMA 1928; 91: 1103-1107.
20. Matthews WB. Footballers migraine. BMJ. 1972; 2: 326-327.
21. McKenzie JE, Roberts GW, Royston MC. Comparative investigation of neurofibrillary damage in the temporal lobe in Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome and dementia pugilistica. Neurodegeneration. 1996; 5: 259-264.
22. Mendez MF. The Neuropsychiatric aspects of boxing. Int J Psychiatry Med. 1995; 25: 249-262.
23. Mooijaart SP, Van Vliet P, van Heemst D, Rensen PC, Berbée JF, Jolles J, de Craen AJ, Westendorp RG. Plasma Levels of apolipoprotein e and cognitive function in old age. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007; 1100: 148-161.
24. Ooi A, Douds AC, Kumar EB, Nashef SA. Boxer's pericardium. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2003; 24: 1043-1045.
25. Reyes PF, Booth KR, Sacchetti T, Carner E. Dementia among retired elderly boxers. Neurology. 1989 Mar; 39 (Suppl 1): Abstract taken from: The American Academy of Neurology, 41st Annual Meeting.
26. Reyes PF, Nowak LA, Rice SG. Alzheimer's Disease: Clinical diagnosis and treatment. Barrow Quarterly. 2006; 22: 9-14.
27. Richards R. Fighting for life...boxing can cause dementia and death. Nursing Times. 1995; 91: 52-54.
28. Roberts AH. Brain damage in boxers. A study of prevalence of traumatic encephalopathy among ex-professional boxers. London: Pitman; 1969.
29. Roberts GW. Immunocytochemistry of neurofibrillary tangles in dementia pugilistica and Alzheimer's disease: evidence for common genesis. Lancet. 1988; 2: 1456-1458.
30. Ryan AJ. Intracranial injuries resulting from boxing: a review (1918-1985). Clin Sports Med. 1987; 6: 31-40.
31. Schleimer JA. Minor traumatic brain injury in sports. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2002; 1: 323-326.
32. Schmidt ML, Zhukareva V, Newell KL, Lee VM, Trojanowski JQ. Tau isoforms profile and phosphorylation state in dementia pugilistica recapitulate Alzheimer's disease. Act Neuropathol. 2001; 101: 518-524.
33. Sheedy D, Lara A, Garrick T, Harper C. Size of mamillary bodies in health and disease: useful measurements in neuroradiological diagnosis of Wernicke's encephalopathy. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1999; 23: 1624-1628.
34. Tanriverdi F, Unluhizarci K, Coksevim B, Selcuklu A, Casanueva FF, Kelestimur F. Kickboxing sport as a new cause of traumatic brain injury-mediated hypopituitarism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007a; 66: 360-366.
35. Tanriverdi F, Unluhizarci K, Selcuklu A, Casanueva FF, Kelestimur F. Transient hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in an amateur kickboxer after head trauma. J Endocrinol Invest. 2007b; 30: 150-152.
36. Unterharnscheidt F. A neurologist's reflections on boxing. V. Conclude remarks. Rev Neurol. 1995; 23: 1027-1032.
37. Weber JT. Experimental models of repetitive brain injuries. Prog Brain Res. 2007; 161: 253-261.