Weathering the escarpment: Chemical and physical rates and processes, south-eastern Australia

Earth Surface Processes and Landforms

Volumn 34, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 768-785

  Burke, Benjamin C ^a   Heimsath, Arjun M ^b   Dixon, Jean L ^b   Chappell, John ^c   Yoo, Kyungsoo ^d  

^a EXXONMOBIL UPSTREAM RESEARCH COMPANY   (United States)

^b ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^d UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE   (United States)

Author keywords

Chemical weathering; Passive margin; Saprolite; Soil production; Zr

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL WEATHERING; PASSIVE MARGIN; SAPROLITE; SOIL PRODUCTION; ZR;

EROSION; GEOCHEMISTRY; ROCKS; SOILS; TECTONICS; TRACE ELEMENTS; ZIRCONIUM;

WEATHERING;

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL WEATHERING; COSMOGENIC RADIONUCLIDE; DENUDATION; ESCARPMENT; HILLSLOPE; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; MASS BALANCE; PASSIVE MARGIN; SAPROLITE; ZIRCONIUM;

AUSTRALASIA; AUSTRALIA; NEW ZEALAND;

EID: 69249158086     PISSN: 01979337     EISSN: 10969837     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/esp.1764     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Anderson SPD, William E, Brimhall GH. 2002. Weathering profiles, mass-balance analysis, and rates of solute loss: linkages between weathering and erosion in a small, steep catchment. Geological Society of America Bulletin 114(9): 1143-1158.
2. Australia B.o.M. 2003. Climatic Averages for Nimmitabel, NSW, 1894-2003.http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_070067.shtml [Accessed 21 July 2003, 3 December 2008].
3. Balan ET, Patrick JJ, Fritsch E, Muller J-P, Calas G. 2001. Surface chemistry of weathered zircons. Chemical Geology 181: 13-22.
4. Banfield JF, Eggleton RA. 1989. Apatite replacement and rare earth mobilization, fractionation, and fixation during weathering. Clays and Clay Minerals 37(2): 113-127.
5. Barker WW, Welch SA, Chu S, Banfield JF. 1998. Experimental observations of the effects of bacteria on aluminosilicate weathering. American Mineralogist 83: 1551-1563.
6. Brimhall GH, Dietrich WE. 1987. Constitutive mass balance relations between chemical composition, volume, density, porosity, and strain in metasomatic hydrochemical systems: results on weathering and pedogenesis. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 51: 567-587.
7. Brimhall GH, Chadwick OA, Lewis CJ, Compstom W, Williams IS, Danti KJ, Dietrich WE, Power ME, Hendricks D, Bratt J. 1992. Deformational mass transport and invasive processes in soil evolution. Science 255(5045): 695-702.
8. Brimhall GH, Lewis CJ, Ford C, Bratt J, Taylor G, Warin O. 1991. Quantitative geochemical approach to pedogenesis: importance of parent material reduction, volumetric expansion, and eolian influx in laterization. Geoderma 51: 51-91.
9. Burke BC, Heimsath AM, White AF. 2007. Coupling chemical weathering with soil production across soil-mantled landscapes. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 32(6): 853-873.
10. Carson M, Kirkby MJ. 1972. Hillslope Form and Process. Cambridge University Press: New York; 475 pp.
11. Chadwick OA, Brimhall GH, Hendricks DA. 1990. From black box to grey box: a mass balance interpretation of pedogenesis. Geomorphology 3: 369-390.
12. th International Geological Congress, Sydney, Excursion Guide 13C, 40 pp.
13. Cleaves ET. 1974. Report of Investigations No. 25: Petrologic and Chemical Investigation of Chemical Weathering in Mafic Rocks, Eastern Piedmont of Maryland. Maryland Geological Survey: Baltimore, MD; 28 pp.
14. Cleaves ET. 1993. Climatic impact on isovolumetric weathering of a coarse-grained schist in the northern Piedmont Province of the central Atlantic states. Geomorphology 8: 191-198.
15. Cockburn HAP, Brown RW, Summerfield MA, Seidl MA. 2000. Quantifying passive margin denudation using a combined fission-track thermochronology and cosmogenic isotope analysis approach. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 179: 429-435.
16. Dietrich WE, Reiss R, Hsu ML, Montgomery DR. 1995. A process-based model for colluvial soil depth and shallow landsliding using digital elevation data. Hydrological Processes 9(3-4): 383-400.
17. Galloway RW. 1965. Late Quaternary climates in Australia. Journal of Geology 73: 603-618.
18. Grant WH. 1969. Abrasion pH, an index of chemical weathering. Clays and Clay Minerals 17: 151-155.
19. Green EG, Dietrich WE, Banfield JK. 2006. Quantification of chemical weathering rates across an actively eroding hillslope. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 242(1-2): 155-169.
20. Hayes DE, Ringis J. 1973. Seafloor spreading in the Tasman Sea. Nature (London) 243: 454-458.
21. Heimsath AM, Chappell J, Dietrich WE, Nishiizumi K, Finkel RC. 2000. Soil production on a retreating escarpment in southeastern Australia. Geology (Boulder) 28(9): 787-790.
22. Heimsath AM, Chappell J, Dietrich WE, Nishiizumi H, Finkel RC. 2001. Late Quaternary erosion in southeastern Australia: a field example using cosmogenic nuclides. Quaternary International 83(5): 169-185.
23. Heimsath AM, Chappel J, Finkel RC, Fifield K, Alimanovic A. 2006. Escarpment erosion and landscape evolution in southeastern Australia. In Tectonics, Climate, and Landscape Evolution, Willet SD, Hovius N, Brandon MT, Fisher DM (eds), Geological Society of America Special Paper 398. The Geological Society of America: Boulder, CO; 173-190.
24. Heimsath AM, Chappell J, Spooner NA, Questiaux DG. 2002. Creeping soil. Geology 30(2): 111-114.
25. Heimsath AM, Dietrich WE, Nishiizumi K, Finkel RC. 1997. The soil production function and landscape equilibrium. Nature (London) 388(6640): 358-361.
26. Heimsath AM, Dietrich WE, Nishiizumi K, Finkel RC. 1999. Cosmogenic nuclides, topography, and the spatial variation of soil depth. Geomorphology 27(1-2): 151-172.
27. Heimsath AM, Furbish DJ, Dietrich WE. 2005. The illusion of diffusion: field evidence for depth-dependent sediment transport. Geology 33(12): 949-952.
28. Hoch AR, Reddy MM, Drever JI. 1996. The effect of iron content and dissolved O (sub 2) on dissolution rates of clinopyroxene at pH 5·8 and 25 degrees C; preliminary results. Chemical Geology 132(1-4): 151-156.
29. Joplin GA. 1963. Chemical analyses of Australian rocks. Pt I: Igneous and metamorphic rocks. Bulletin 65. Bureau of Mineral Resources: Australia; 1-446.
30. Kim S, Park HD. 2003. The relationship between physical and chemical weathering indices of granites around Seoul, South Korea. Bulletin of Engineering Geology & Environment 62: 207-212.
31. Kirkwood DE, Nesbitt HW. 1991. Formation and evolution of soils from an acidified watershed: Plastic Lake, Ontario, Canada. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 55: 1295-1308.
32. Lewis PC, Glen RA, Pratt GW, Clarke I. 1994. Explanatory Notes: Bega-Mallacoota 1:250 000 Geological Sheet. Geological Survey of New South Wales: Sydney.
33. Matmon A, Bierman P, Enzel Y. 2002. Pattern and tempo of great escarpment erosion. Geology (Boulder) 30(12): 1135-1138.
34. McDowell WH, Asbury CE. 1994. Export of carbon, nitrogen, and major ions from three tropical montane watersheds. Limnology and Oceanography 39(1): 111-125.
35. Nesbitt HWY. 1982. Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry or lutites. Nature (London) 299: 715-717.
36. O'Sullivan PB, Foster DA, Kohn BP, Gleadow AJW. 1996. Multiple postorogenic denudation events - an example from the eastern Lachlan fold belt. Geology (Boulder) 24: 563-566.
37. Pavich MJ. 1986. Processes and rates of saprolite production and erosion on a foliated granitic rock of the Virginia Piedmont. In Rates of chemical weathering of rocks and minerals, Coldman SM, Dethier DP (eds). Academic Press: Orlando; 551-590.
38. Pavich MJL, Obermeier SF. 1989. Investigations of the Characteristics, Origin, and Residence Time of the Upland Residual Mantle of the Piedmont of Fairfax County, Virginia. US Geological Survey Profes-sional Paper No. 1352. US Geological Survey: Reston, VA; 114 pp.
39. Persano C, Stuart FM, Bishop P, Barfod DN. 2002. Apatite(U-Th)/He age constraints on the development of the Great Escarpment on the southeastern Australian passive margin. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 200: 79-90.
40. Price JR, Velbel MA. 2003. Chemical weathering indices applied to weathering profiles developed on heterogeneous felsic metamorphic parent rocks. Chemical Geology 202(3-4): 397-416.
41. Richardson SJ. 1976. Geology of the Michelago 1:100 000 sheet 8726. Geological Survey of New South Wales: Sydney.
42. Riebe CS, Kirchner JW, Finkel RC. 2003a. Long-term rates of chemical weathering and physical erosion from cosmogenic nuclides and geochemical mass balance. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 67(22): 4411-4427.
43. Riebe CS, Kirchner JW, Finkel RC. 2003b. Sharp decrease in long-term chemical weathering rates along an altitudinal transect. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 6936: 1-14.
44. Riebe CS, Kirchner JW, Granger DE, Finkel RC. 2001. Strong tectonic and weak climatic control of long-term chemical weathering rates. Geology (Boulder) 29(6): 511-514.
45. Schulz MS, White AF. 1999. Chemical weathering in a tropical watershed, Luquillo mountains, Puerto Rico III: Quartz dissolution rates. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 63(3-4): 337-350.
46. Stallard RF, Edmond JM. 1983. The influence of geology and weathering environment on the dissolved load. Journal of Geophysical Research 88: 9671-9688.
47. Taunton AE, Welch SA, Banfield JF. 2000a. Geomicrobiological controls on light rare earth element, Y and Ba, distributions during granite weathering and soil formation. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 303-304: 30-36.
48. Taunton AE, Welch SA, Banfield JF. 2000b. Microbial controls on phosphate and lanthanide distributions during granite weathering and soil formation. Chemical Geology 169(3-4): 371-382.
49. Turner BF, Stallard RF, Brantley SL. 2003. Investigation of in-situ weathering of quartz diorite bedrock in the Rio Icacos basin, Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. Chemical Geology 202(3-4): 313-341.
50. van der Beek PA, Braun J, Lambeck K. 1999. Post-Palaeozoic uplift history of southeastern Australia revisited; results from a process-based model of landscape evolution. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 46(2): 157-172.
51. Weissel JK, Hayes DE. 1977. Evolution of the Tasman Sea reappraised. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 36(1): 77-84.
52. Welch SA, Banfield JF. 2002. Modification of olivine surface morphology and reactivity by microbial activity during chemical weathering. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 66(2): 213-221.
53. Welch SA, Banfield JF. 2002. Effect of microorganisms and microbial metabolites on apatite dissolution. Geomicrobiology Journal 19: 343-367.
54. Welch SA, Barker WW, Banfield JF. 1999. Microbial extracellular polysaccharides and plagioclaise dissolution. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 63(9): 1405-1419.
55. White AF. 2002. Determining mineral weathering rates based on solid and solute weathering gradients and velocities: application to biotite weathering in saprolites. Chemical Geology 190: 69-89.
56. White AF. 2003. Weathering and the biosphere. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 67(18): A350.
57. White AF, Blum AE, Bullen TD, Harden JW, Peterson ML. 1996. Chemical weathering rates of a soil chronosequence on granitic alluvium; I. Quantification of mineralogical and surface area changes and calculation of primary silicate reaction rates. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 60(14): 2533-2550.
58. White AF, Blum AE, Bullen TD, Vivit DV, Schulz MS, Fitzpatrick J. 1999. The effect of temperature on experimental and natural chemical weathering rates of granitoid rocks. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 63(19-20): 3277-3291.
59. White AF, Blum AE, Schulz MS, Vivit DV, Stonestrom DA, Larson M, Murphy SF, Eberl D. 1998. Chemical weathering in a tropical watershed, Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico; I. Long-term versus short-term weathering fluxes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 62(2): 209-226.
60. White AF, Brantley SL. 2003. The effect of time on the weathering of silicate minerals: why do weathering rates differ in the laboratory and field? Chemical Geology 202(3-4): 479-506.
61. White AF, Schulz MS, Blum AE, Huntington TG, Peters NE. 2001. Differential rates of feldspar weathering in granitic regoliths. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 65(6): 847-869.
62. Yoo K, Amundson R, Heimsath AM, Dietrich WE. 2006. Spatial patterns of soil organic carbon on hillslopes: integrating geomogrphic processes and the biological C cycle. Geoderma 130(1-2): 47-65.
63. Yoo K, Amundson R, Heimsath AM, Dietrich WE, Brimhall GH. 2007. Integration of geochemical mass balance with sediment transport to calculate rates of soil chemical weathering and transport on hillslopes. Journal of Geophysical Research 112: F02013: 1-15. DOI: 10.1029/2005JF000402