Extracorporeal elimination in acute valproic acid poisoning

Clinical Toxicology

Volumn 47, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 609-616

  Thanacoody, Ruben H K ^a,b,c  

^a Newcastle Unit   (United Kingdom)

^b NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE HOSPITALS NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Extracorporeal treatment; Hemodialysis; Hemoperfusion; Overdose; Valproic acid

Indexed keywords

ALBUMIN; ELECTROLYTE; VALPROIC ACID; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT;

ARTICLE; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DEPRESSION; COMA; DIALYSATE; DISTRIBUTION VOLUME; DRUG BINDING; DRUG CLEARANCE; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG ELIMINATION; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG INTOXICATION; HEMODIAFILTRATION; HEMODIALYSIS; HEMODYNAMICS; HEMOFILTRATION; HEMOPERFUSION; HUMAN; HYPERAMMONEMIA; HYPOTENSION; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; PROTEIN BINDING; SUPPLEMENTATION; ACUTE DISEASE; BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATABASE; HALF LIFE TIME; INTOXICATION; METHODOLOGY; RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY; REVIEW;

ACUTE DISEASE; ANTICONVULSANTS; DATABASES, BIBLIOGRAPHIC; HALF-LIFE; HEMOPERFUSION; HUMANS; OVERDOSE; POISONING; PROTEIN BINDING; RENAL DIALYSIS; VALPROIC ACID;

EID: 69149095916     PISSN: 15563650     EISSN: 15569519     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15563650903167772     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Bronstein AC, Spyker DA, Cantilena LR Jr, Green JL, Rumack BH, Heard SE. 2007 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers National Poison Data System (NPDS): 25th annual report. Clin Toxicol 2008; 46:927-1057.
2. Spiller HA, Krenzelok EP, Klein-Schwartz W, Winter ML, Weber JA, Sollee DR, Bangh SA, Griffith JR. Multicentre case series of valproic acid ingestion. Serum concentrations and toxicity. Clin Toxicol 2000; 38:755-760.
3. Sztajnkrycer MD. Valproic acid toxicity: overview and management. Clin Toxicol 2002; 40:789-795.
4. Lheureux PER, Hantson P. Carnitine in the treatment of valproic acidinduced toxicity. Clin Toxicol 2009; 47:101-111.
5. Mortensen PB, Hansen HE, Pedersen B, Hartmann-Andersen F, Husted SE. Acute valproate intoxication: biochemical investigations and hemodialysis treatment. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1983; 21:64-68.
6. Brubacher JR, Dahghani P, McKnight D. Delayed toxicity following ingestion of enteric-coated divalproex sodium (Epival). J Emerg Med 1999; 17:463-467.
7. Johnson LZ, Martinez I, Fernandez MC, Davis CP, Kasinath BS. Successful treatment of valproic acid overdose with hemodialysis. Am Kidney Dis 1999; 33:786-789.
8. Kane SL, Constantiner M, Staubus AE, Meinecke CD, Sedor JR. Highflux hemodialysis without hemoperfusion is effective in acute valproic acid overdose. Ann Pharmacother 2000; 34:1146-1151.
9. Hicks LK, McFarlane PA. Valproic acid overdose and haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001; 16:1483-1486.
10. Kroll P, Nand C. Hemodialysis in the treatment of valproic acid overdose. J Clin Psychiatry 2002; 63:78-79.
11. Kay TD, Playford HR, Johnson DW. Hemodialysis versus continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration in the management of severe valproate overdose. Clin Nephrol 2003; 59:56-58.
12. Kielstein JT, Woywodt A, Schumann G, Haller H, Fliser D. Efficiency of high-flux hemodialysis in the treatment of valproic acid intoxication. Clin Toxicol 2003; 41:873-876.
13. Singh SM, McCormick BB, Mustata S, Thompson M, Prasad GV. Extracorporeal management of valproic acid overdose: a large regional experience. J Nephrol 2004; 17:43-49.
14. Meek MF, Broekrolofs J, Yska JP, Egbers PH, Boerma EC, van der Voort PH. Valproic acid intoxication: sense and non-sense of haemodialysis. Neth J Med 2004; 62:333-336.
15. Guillaume CP, Stolk L, Dejagere TF, Kooman JP. Successful use of hemodialysis in acute valproic acid intoxication. Clin Toxicol 2004; 42:335-336.
16. Minville V, Roche Tissot C, Samii K. Haemodialysis, L-carnitine therapy and valproic acid overdose. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 2004; 23:357-360.
17. Eyer F, Felgenhauer N, Gempel K, Steimer W, Gerbitz KD, Zilker T. Acute valproate poisoning. Pharmacokinetics, alteration in fatty acid metabolism and changes during therapy. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2005; 25:376-380.
18. Mestrovic J, Filipovic T, Polic B, Stricevic L, Omazic A, Kuzmanic- Samija R, Markic J. Life-threatening valproate overdose successfully treated with haemodialysis. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2008; 59:295-298.
19. Dharnidharka VR, Fennell RS 3rd, Richard GA. Extracorporeal removal of toxic valproic acid levels in children. Pediatr Nephrol 2002; 17:312-315.
20. Van der Merwe AC, Albracht CF, Brink MS, Coetzee AR. Sodium valproate poisoning. A case report. S Afr Med J 1985; 67:735-736.
21. Graudins A, Aaron CK. Delayed peak serum valproic acid in massive divalproex overdose - treatment with charcoal hemoperfusion. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1996; 34:335-341.
22. Matsumoto J, Ogawa H, Maeyama R, Okudaira K, Shinka T, Kuhara T, Matsumoto I. Successful treatment by direct hemoperfusion of coma possibly resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction in acute valproate intoxication. Epilepsia 1997; 38:950-953.
23. Peces R, Fernandez EJ, Sanchez RJ, Peces C, Montero A, Selgas R. Hemoperfusion in the treatment of acute valproic acid intoxication. Nefrologia 2007; 27:370-373.
24. Jung J, Ahn K. A case of hemoperfusion and L-carnitine management in valproic acid overdose. Am J Emerg Med 2008; 26:388.
25. Rahman MH, Haqqie SS, McGoldrick MD. Acute haemolysis with acute renal failure in a patient with valproic acid poisoning treated with charcoal haemoperfusion. Hemodial Int 2006; 10:256-259.
26. Meyer S, Kuhlman MK, Peters FT, Limbach HG, Lindinger A. Severe valproic acid intoxication is associated with atrial tachycardia: secondary detoxication by hemoperfusion. Klin Padiatr 2005; 217:82-85.
27. Roodhooft AM, Van Dam K, Haentjens D, Verpooten GA, Van Acker KJ. Acute sodium valproate intoxication: occurrence of renal failure and treatment with haemoperfusion-haemodialysis. Eur J Pediatr 1990; 149:363-364.
28. Tank JE, Palmer BF. Simultaneous "in series" hemodialysis and hemoperfusion in the management of valproic acid overdose. Am J Kidney Dis 1993; 22:341-344.
29. Fernandez MC, Walter FG, Kloster JC, Do SM, Brady LA, Villarin A, Ruffenach SJ, Prosnitz EH, Salmon JV. Hemodialysis and hemoperfusion for treatment of valproic acid and gabapentin poisoning. Vet Hum Toxicol 1996; 38:438-443.
30. Franssen EJ, van Essen GG, Portman AT, de Jong J, Go G, Stegeman CA, Uges DR. Valproic acid toxicokinetics: serial hemodialysis and hemoperfusion. Ther Drug Monit 1999; 21:289-292.
31. Al Aly Z, Yalamanchili P, Gonzalez E. Extracorporeal management of valproic acid toxicity: a case report and review of the literature. Semin Dial 2005; 18:62-66.
32. Van den Broek MPH, Sikma MA, Ververs TF, Meulenbelt J. Severe valproic acid intoxication: case study on the unbound fraction and the applicability of extracorporeal elimination. Eur J Emerg Med 2009; May 6 (Epub).
33. van Keulen JG, van Wijk JA, Touw DJ, van der Deure J, Markhorst DG, Gemke RJ. Effectiveness of haemofiltration in valproic acid intoxication. Acta Paediatr 2001; 90:958-959.
34. Khan E, Huggan P, Celi L, MacGinley R, Schollum J, Walker R. Sustained low-efficiency dialysis with filtration (SLEDD-f) in the management of acute sodium valproate intoxication. Hemodial Int 2008; 12:211-214.
35. Minari M, Maggiore U, Tagliavini D, Rotelli C, Cabassi A, David S, Fiaccadori E. Severe acute valproic acid intoxication successfully treated with hemodiafiltration without hemoperfusion. Ann Emerg Med 2002; 39:204-205.
36. Klotz U, Antonin KH. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of sodium valproate. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1977; 21:736-743.
37. Dupuis RE, Lichtman SN, Pollack GM. Acute valproic acid overdose. Clinical course and pharmacokinetic disposition of valproic acid and metabolites. Drug Saf 1990; 5:65-71.
38. Zaccara G, Messori A, Moroni F. Clinical pharmacokinetics of valproic acid. Clin Pharmacokinet 1988; 15:367-389.
39. Bowdle AT, Patel IH, Levy RH, Wilensky AJ. Valproic acid dosage and plasma protein binding and clearance. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1980; 28:486-492.
40. Goodman JW, Goldfarb DS. The role of continuous renal replacement therapy in the treatment of poisoning. Semin Dial 2006; 19: 402-407.
41. Gwilt PR, Perrier D. Plasma protein binding and distribution characteristics of drugs as indices of their haemodialyzability. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1978; 24:154-161.
42. Garella S. Extracorporeal techniques in the treatment of exogenous intoxications. Kidney Int 1988; 33:735-754.
43. Kandrotas RJ, Love JM, Gal P, Oles KS. The effect of hemodialysis and hemoperfusion on serum valproic acid concentration. Neurology 1990; 40:1456-1458.
44. Marbury TC, Lee CS, Bruni J, Wilder BJ. Hemodialysis of valproic acid in uraemic patients. Dial Transplant 1980; 9:961-964. (Pubitemid 10010861)
45. Gubensek J, Buturovic-Ponikvar J, Ponikvar R, Cebular B. Hemodiafiltration and high-flux hemodialysis significantly reduce serum valproate levels inducing epileptic seizures: case report. Blood Purif 2008; 26:379-380.
46. Churchwell MD, Pasko DA, Smoyer WE, Mueller BA. Enhanced clearance of highly protein-bound drugs by albumin-supplemented dialysate during modeled continuous hemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24:231-238.
47. Rajpoot DK, Gargus JJ. Acute haemodialysis for hyperammonaemia in small neonates. Pediatr Nephrol 2004; 19:390-395.
48. Tsai MF, Chen CY. Valproate-induced hyperammonaemic encephalopathy treated by haemodialysis. Ren Fail 2008; 30:822-824.