Patterns in alpine seedling emergence and establishment across a stress gradient of mountain summits in south-eastern Australia

Plant Ecology and Diversity

Volumn 2, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 5-16

  Venn, Susanna E ^a,b   Morgan, John W ^a  

^a LA TROBE UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service   (Australia)

Author keywords

Altitudinal gradients; Recruitment; Seedling similarity; Seedling survival; Seedlings

Indexed keywords

EID: 69149087687     PISSN: 17550874     EISSN: 17551668     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/17550870802691356     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Bell KL, Bliss LC. 1980. Plant reproduction in a high arctic environment. Arctic and Alpine Research 12:1-10.
2. Billings WD. 1974. Adaptations and origins of alpine plants. Arctic and Alpine Research 6:129-142.
3. Billings WD, Mooney HA. 1968. Ecology of arctic and alpine plants. Biological Reviews 43:481-529.
4. Bliss LC. 1962. Adaptations of arctic and alpine plants to environmental conditions. Arctic 15:117-144.
5. Bliss LC. 1971. Arctic and alpine plant life cycles. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 2:405-438.
6. Bonde EK. 1968. Survival of seedlings of an alpine clover (Trifolium nanum). Ecology 49:1193-1195.
7. Bray RJ, Curtis JT. 1957. An ordination of the upland forest communities of Southern Wisconsin. Ecological Monographs 27:325-349.
8. Brink VC, MacKay J, Freyman S, Pearce DG. 1967. Needle ice and seedling establishment in southwestern British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 47:135-139.
9. Brown CS, Mark AF, Kershaw GP, Dickinson KJM. 2006. Secondary succession 24 years after disturbance of a New Zealand high-alpine cushionfield. Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research 38:325-334.
10. Callaghan TV, Carlsson BÅ, Jónsdóttir IS, Svensson BM, Jonasson S. 1992. Clonal plants and environmental change: introduction to the proceedings and summary. Oikos 63:341-347.
11. Cavieres LA, Badano EI, Sierra-Almeida A, Molina-Montenegro MA. 2007. Microclimatic modifications of cushion plants and their consequences for seedling survival of native and non-native herbaceous species in the high Andes of central Chile. Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research 39:229-236
12. Chambers JC. 1995. Disturbance, life-history, and seed fates in alpine herbfield communities. American Journal of Botany 82:421-433
13. Chambers JC, MacMahon JA, Brown RW. 1987. Germination characteristics of alpine grasses and forbs: a comparison of early and late seral dominants with reclamation potential. Reclamation and Revegetation Research 6:235-249.
14. Chambers JC, MacMahon JA, Brown RW. 1990. Alpine seedling establishment: the influence of disturbance type. Ecology 71:1323-1341.
15. Clarke KR. 1993. Non-parametric multivariate analysis of changes in community structure. Australian Journal of Ecology 18:117-143.
16. Costin AB. 1957. The high mountain vegetation of Australia. Australian Journal of Botany 5:173-189.
17. Costin AB. 1962. Soils of the High Plains. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 75:291-299.
18. Dane JH, Topp GC. 2002. Methods of soil analysis, Part 4, physical methods. Madison, USA: Soil Science Society of America, Inc.
19. Eriksson O. 1989. Seedling dynamics and life histories in clonal plants. Oikos 55:231-238.
20. Forbis TA. 2003. Seedling demography in an alpine ecosystem. American Journal of Botany 90:1197-1206.
21. Forbis TA, Doak DF. 2004. Seedling establishment and life history trade-offs in alpine plants. American Journal of Botany 91:1147-1153.
22. Freedman B, Hill N, Svoboda J, Henry G. 1982. Seed banks and seedling occurrence in a high Arctic oasis at Alexandra Fjord, Ellesmere Island, Canada. Canadian Journal of Botany 60:2112-2118.
23. Galen C, Stanton ML. 1999. Seedling establishment in alpine buttercups under experimental manipulations of growing season length. Ecology 80:2033-2044.
24. Gough L. 2006. Neighbor effects on germination, survival, and growth in two arctic tundra plant communities. Ecography 29:44-56.
25. Grime JP. 1977. Evidence for the existence of three primary strategies in plants and its relevance to ecological and evolutionary theory. American Naturalist 111:1169-1194.
26. Grime JP. 1979. Plant strategies and vegetation processes.Chichester, UK: Wiley.
27. Jolls CL, Bock AH. 1983. Seedling density and mortality patterns among elevations in Sedum lanceolatum. Arctic and Alpine Research 15:119-126.
28. Jongman RHG, Ter Braak CJF, Tongeren OFR. 1987. Data analysis in community and landscape ecology. Pudoc: Wageningen.
29. Körner C. 1998. Alpine plants: stressed or adapted? In: Press MC, Scholes JD, Barker MG, editors. The 39th Symposium of the British Ecological Society. York: Blackwell Science. p. 297-311.
30. Körner C. 2003. Alpine plant life. 2nd ed. Berlin, Germany: Springer.
31. Kruskal JB. 1964. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling: a numerical method. Psychometrika 29:115-129.
32. Lawrence RE. 1999. Vegetation changes on the Bogong HighPlains from the 1800's to 1950's. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 111:xxix-lii.
33. LCC. 1982. Report on the alpine study area Melbourne, Australia Land Conservation Council.
34. Maruta E. 1983. Growth and survival of current-year seedlings of Polygonum cuspidatum at the upper distributions limit on Mt Fuji. Oecologia 60:149-155.
35. McCune B, Mefford MJ. 1999. PC-ORD for Windows. Multivariate analysis of ecological data. Gleneden Beach, USA: MjM Software.
36. McMaster GS, Wilhelm WW. 1997. Growing degree-days: one equation, two interpretations. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 87:291-300.
37. Niederfriniger Schlag R, Erschbamer B. 2000. Germination and establishment of seedlings on a glacier foreland in the Central Alps, Austria. Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research 32:270-277
38. Pluess AR, Schütz W, Stöcklin J. 2005. Seed weight increases with altitude in the Swiss Alps between related species but not among populations of individual species. Oecologia 144:55-61.
39. Quinn GP, Keough MJ. 2002. Experimental design and data analysis for biologists. Port Melbourne, Australia: Cambridge University Press.
40. Schütz W. 2002. Dormancy characteristics and germination timing in two Carex species. Basic Applied Ecology 3:125-134.
41. Urbanska KM, Schütz M. 1986. Reproduction by seed in alpine plants and revegetation research above timberline. Botanica Helvetica 96:43-60.
42. Venn SE. 2007. Plant recruitment across alpine summits in south-eastern Australia. [Phd thesis]. [Bundoora, Australia]: La Trobe University.
43. Vera ML. 1997. Effects of altitude and seed size on germination and seedling survival of heathland plants in north Spain. Plant Ecology 133:101-106.
44. Wager HG. 1938. Growth and survival of plants in the arctic. Journal of Ecology 26:390-410.
45. Wahren C-H, Williams RJ, Papst WA. 1999. Alpine and sub-alpine wetland vegetation on the Bogong High Plains, south-eastern Australia. Australian Journal of Botany 47:165-188.
46. Welling P, Laine K. 2000a. Characteristics of the seedling flora in alpine vegetation, subarctic Finland. I. Seedling densities in 15 plant communities. Annales Botanici Fennici 37:69-76.
47. Welling P, Laine K. 2000b. Characteristics of the seedling flora in alpine vegetation, subarctic Finland. II. Floristic similarity between seedling flora and mature vegetation. Annales Botanici Fennici 37:133-147.
48. Welling P, Tolvanen A, Laine K. 2004. The alpine soil seed bank in relation to field seedlings and standing vegetation in sub-arctic Finland. Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research 36:229-238.
49. Welling P, Tolvanen A, Laine K. 2005. Plant traits: their role in the regeneration of alpine plant communities in sub-arctic Finland. Journal of Vegetation Science 16:183-190.
50. Williams RJ. 1987. Patterns of air temperature and accumulation of snow in subalpine heathlands and grasslands on the Bogong High Plains, Victoria. Australian Journal of Ecology 12:153-163.
51. Williams RJ. 1992. Gap dynamics in subalpine heathland and grassland vegetation in south-eastern Australia. Journal of Ecology 80:343-352.
52. Williams RJ, Ashton DH. 1988. Cyclical patterns of regeneration in the subalpine heathland communities on the Bogong High Plains, Victoria. Australian Journal of Botany 36:605-619.