메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 1-288

The Biology of African Savannahs

Author keywords

Africa; Climate; Competition; Farming; Fires; Grazing; Hunting; Populations; Soils; Tourism

Indexed keywords


EID: 69049108893     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198570660.001.0001     Document Type: Book
Times cited : (92)

References (295)
  • 2
    • 0001373954 scopus 로고
    • Decomposition of elephant dung in an arid, tropical environment
    • Anderson J. M. and Coe M. J. (1974). Decomposition of elephant dung in an arid, tropical environment. Oecologia, 14, 111-25.
    • (1974) Oecologia , vol.14 , pp. 111-125
    • Anderson, J.M.1    Coe, M.J.2
  • 3
    • 0036066055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facilitation versus competition in grazing herbivore assemblages
    • Arsenault R. and Owen-Smith N. (2002). Facilitation versus competition in grazing herbivore assemblages. Oikos, 97, 313-18.
    • (2002) Oikos , vol.97 , pp. 313-318
    • Arsenault, R.1    Owen-Smith, N.2
  • 4
    • 19944411058 scopus 로고
    • Classification des formes biologiques des plantes vasculaires en milieu tropical
    • Aubréville A. (1963). Classification des formes biologiques des plantes vasculaires en milieu tropical. Adonsonia, 3, 221-6.
    • (1963) Adonsonia , vol.3 , pp. 221-226
    • Aubréville, A.1
  • 8
    • 0001290766 scopus 로고
    • The use of the herb layer by grazing ungulates in the Serengeti
    • A. Watson, ed. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford
    • Bell R. H. V. (1970). The use of the herb layer by grazing ungulates in the Serengeti. In A. Watson, ed. Animal populations in relation to their food resources, pp. 111-23, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford
    • (1970) Animal populations in relation to their food resources , pp. 111-123
    • Bell, R.H.V.1
  • 9
    • 0003065401 scopus 로고
    • A grazing ecosystem in the Serengeti
    • Bell R. H. V. (1971). A grazing ecosystem in the Serengeti. Scientific American, 224(1), 86-93.
    • (1971) Scientific American , vol.224 , Issue.1 , pp. 86-93
    • Bell, R.H.V.1
  • 10
    • 0001594024 scopus 로고
    • The effect of nutrient availability on community structure in African ecosystems
    • B. J. Huntley and B. H. Walker, eds. Springer-Verlag, New York.
    • Bell R. H. V. (1982) The effect of nutrient availability on community structure in African ecosystems. In B. J. Huntley and B. H. Walker, eds. Ecology of Tropical Savannas, Springer-Verlag, New York.
    • (1982) Ecology of Tropical Savannas
    • Bell, R.H.V.1
  • 11
    • 0025603490 scopus 로고
    • Tree/grass ratios in East African savannas: a comparison of existing models
    • Belsky A. J. (1990). Tree/grass ratios in East African savannas: a comparison of existing models. Journal of Biogeography, 17, 483-9.
    • (1990) Journal of Biogeography , vol.17 , pp. 483-489
    • Belsky, A.J.1
  • 12
    • 84986797928 scopus 로고
    • Effects of grazing, competition, disturbance and fire on species composition and diversity in grassland communities
    • Belsky A. J. (1992). Effects of grazing, competition, disturbance and fire on species composition and diversity in grassland communities. Journal of Vegetation Science, 3, 187-200.
    • (1992) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.3 , pp. 187-200
    • Belsky, A.J.1
  • 14
    • 0024198123 scopus 로고
    • Habitat preferences of African ungulates derived by uni-and multivariate analyses
    • Ben-Shahar R. and Skinner J. D. (1988). Habitat preferences of African ungulates derived by uni-and multivariate analyses. Ecology, 69, 1479-86.
    • (1988) Ecology , vol.69 , pp. 1479-1486
    • Ben-Shahar, R.1    Skinner, J.D.2
  • 15
    • 0000035331 scopus 로고
    • Serengeti predators and their social systems
    • A. R. E. Sinclair and M. Norton-Griffiths,University, of Chicago Press, Chicago and London.
    • Bertram B. C. R. (1979). Serengeti predators and their social systems. In A. R. E. Sinclair and M. Norton-Griffiths, eds. Serengeti. Dynamics of an ecosystem, pp. 221-48, University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London.
    • (1979) Serengeti. Dynamics of an ecosystem , pp. 221-248
    • Bertram, B.C.R.1
  • 16
    • 0036732540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of giraffe, rhino and elephant on the habitat of a black rhino sanctuary in Kenya
    • Birkett A. (2002). The impact of giraffe, rhino and elephant on the habitat of a black rhino sanctuary in Kenya. African Journal of Ecology, 40, 276-82.
    • (2002) African Journal of Ecology , vol.40 , pp. 276-282
    • Birkett, A.1
  • 17
    • 20444492882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of low rainfall and browsing by large herbivores on an enclosed savannah habitat in Kenya
    • Birkett A. and Stevens-Wood B. (2005). Effect of low rainfall and browsing by large herbivores on an enclosed savannah habitat in Kenya. African Journal of Ecology, 43, 123-30.
    • (2005) African Journal of Ecology , vol.43 , pp. 123-130
    • Birkett, A.1    Stevens-Wood, B.2
  • 19
    • 14544268241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insects and savanna heterogeneity
    • J. T. DuToit, K. H. Rogers and H. C. Biggs,Island, Press, Washington.
    • Braack L. and Kryger P. (2003). Insects and savanna heterogeneity. In J. T. DuToit, K. H. Rogers and H. C. Biggs, eds. The Kruger experience. Ecology and management of savanna heterogeneity, pp. 263-75, Island Press, Washington.
    • (2003) The Kruger experience. Ecology and management of savanna heterogeneity , pp. 263-275
    • Braack, L.1    Kryger, P.2
  • 20
    • 0345548006 scopus 로고
    • Australia's unique biota: implications for ecological processes
    • P. A. Werner, ed. Blackwell Scientific Publications.
    • Braithwaite R. W. (1991). Australia's unique biota: implications for ecological processes. In P. A. Werner, ed. Savanna ecology and management, pp. 3-10, Blackwell Scientific Publications.
    • (1991) Savanna ecology and management , pp. 3-10
    • Braithwaite, R.W.1
  • 21
    • 0033939427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny analysis of coadaptation in behaviour, diet, and body size in the African antelope
    • Brashares J. S., Garland T. and Arcese P. (2000). Phylogeny analysis of coadaptation in behaviour, diet, and body size in the African antelope. Behavioural Ecology, 4, 452-63.
    • (2000) Behavioural Ecology , vol.4 , pp. 452-463
    • Brashares, J.S.1    Garland, T.2    Arcese, P.3
  • 22
    • 0001082736 scopus 로고
    • Primary production in the Serengeti: purpose, methods and some results of research
    • Braun H. M. H. (1973). Primary production in the Serengeti: purpose, methods and some results of research. Annual of the University of Abidjan, 6, 171-88.
    • (1973) Annual of the University of Abidjan , vol.6 , pp. 171-188
    • Braun, H.M.H.1
  • 23
    • 84995232568 scopus 로고
    • An identification system for zebra (Equus burchelli, Gray)
    • Briand Peterson J. C. (1972). An identification system for zebra (Equus burchelli, Gray). East African Wildlife Journal, 10, 59-63.
    • (1972) East African Wildlife Journal , vol.10 , pp. 59-63
    • Briand Peterson, J.C.1
  • 24
    • 0001780617 scopus 로고
    • Population trends of ungulates in and around Kenya's Mara Reserve
    • A. R. E. Sinclair and P. Arcese,Chicago, University Press, Chicago.
    • Broten M. D. and Said M. (1995). Population trends of ungulates in and around Kenya's Mara Reserve. In A. R. E. Sinclair and P. Arcese, eds. Serengeti II: dynamics, management and conservation of an ecosystem, pp. 169-93, Chicago University Press, Chicago.
    • (1995) Serengeti II: dynamics management and conservation of an ecosystem , pp. 169-193
    • Broten, M.D.1    Said, M.2
  • 29
    • 84995256303 scopus 로고
    • Food habits of wildebeest, zebra, hartebeest and cattle in Kenya Masailand
    • Casebeer R. L. and Koss G. G. (1970). Food habits of wildebeest, zebra, hartebeest and cattle in Kenya Masailand. East African Wildlife Journal, 8, 25-36.
    • (1970) East African Wildlife Journal , vol.8 , pp. 25-36
    • Casebeer, R.L.1    Koss, G.G.2
  • 30
    • 0015838582 scopus 로고
    • Photosynthetic pathways and selective herbivory: a hypothesis
    • Caswell H., Reed R., Stephenson S. N. and Werner P. A. (1973). Photosynthetic pathways and selective herbivory: a hypothesis. American Naturalist, 107, 465-80.
    • (1973) American Naturalist , vol.107 , pp. 465-480
    • Caswell, H.1    Reed, R.2    Stephenson, S.N.3    Werner, P.A.4
  • 32
    • 84990137045 scopus 로고
    • The elephant problem-an alternative hypothesis
    • Caughley G. (1976). The elephant problem-an alternative hypothesis. East African Wildlife Journal, 14, 265-84.
    • (1976) East African Wildlife Journal , vol.14 , pp. 265-284
    • Caughley, G.1
  • 33
  • 35
    • 0001686464 scopus 로고
    • Biomass and production of large African herbivores in relation to rainfall and primary production
    • Coe M. J., Cumming D. H. Phillipson J. (1976). Biomass and production of large African herbivores in relation to rainfall and primary production. Oecologia, 22, 341-54.
    • (1976) Oecologia , vol.22 , pp. 341-354
    • Coe, M.J.1    Cumming, D.H.2    Phillipson, J.3
  • 37
    • 0001606438 scopus 로고
    • Diversity and the coevolution of competitors, or the ghost of competition past
    • Connell J. H. (1980). Diversity and the coevolution of competitors, or the ghost of competition past. Oikos, 35, 131-38.
    • (1980) Oikos , vol.35 , pp. 131-138
    • Connell, J.H.1
  • 38
    • 0020922895 scopus 로고
    • On the prevalence and relative importance of interspecific competition: evidence from field experiments
    • Connell J. H. (1983). On the prevalence and relative importance of interspecific competition: evidence from field experiments. American Naturalist, 122, 661-96
    • (1983) American Naturalist , vol.122 , pp. 661-696
    • Connell, J.H.1
  • 40
    • 0026312809 scopus 로고
    • Optimal hunting group size: the need for lions to defend their kills against loss to spotted hyaenas
    • Cooper S. M. (1991). Optimal hunting group size: the need for lions to defend their kills against loss to spotted hyaenas. African Journal of Ecology, 29, 130-6.
    • (1991) African Journal of Ecology , vol.29 , pp. 130-136
    • Cooper, S.M.1
  • 42
    • 0029752850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limitation of African wild dogs by competition with larger carnivores
    • Creel S. and Creel N. M. (1996). Limitation of African wild dogs by competition with larger carnivores. Conservation Biology, 10, 526-38.
    • (1996) Conservation Biology , vol.10 , pp. 526-538
    • Creel, S.1    Creel, N.M.2
  • 44
    • 84995205601 scopus 로고
    • The Seronera bull problem. Part 1. The elephants
    • Croze H. (1974a). The Seronera bull problem. Part 1. The elephants. East African Wildlife Journal, 12, 1-28.
    • (1974) East African Wildlife Journal , vol.12 , pp. 1-28
    • Croze, H.1
  • 45
    • 84995214030 scopus 로고
    • The Seronera bull problem Part 2. The trees
    • Croze H. (1974b). The Seronera bull problem. Part 2. The trees. East African Wildlife Journal, 12, 29-48.
    • (1974) East African Wildlife Journal , vol.12 , pp. 29-48
    • Croze, H.1
  • 46
    • 0025209589 scopus 로고
    • The distribution and abundance of Cubitermes sankurensis (Wassmann)(Isoptera; Termitidae) within a Miombo woodland site in Zimbabwe
    • Dangerfield J. M. (1990). The distribution and abundance of Cubitermes sankurensis (Wassmann)(Isoptera; Termitidae) within a Miombo woodland site in Zimbabwe. African Journal of Ecology, 28, 15-20.
    • (1990) African Journal of Ecology , vol.28 , pp. 15-20
    • Dangerfield, J.M.1
  • 47
    • 0036123050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus Pallas) habitat in Mole National Park, northern Ghana
    • Dankwa-Wiredu B. and Euler D. L. (2002). Bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus Pallas) habitat in Mole National Park, northern Ghana. African Journal of Ecology, 40, 35-41.
    • (2002) African Journal of Ecology , vol.40 , pp. 35-41
    • Dankwa-Wiredu, B.1    Euler, D.L.2
  • 49
    • 0022194567 scopus 로고
    • A nutritional explanation for body-size patterns of ruminant and nonruminant herbivores
    • Demment M. W. and Van Soest P. J. (1985). A nutritional explanation for body-size patterns of ruminant and nonruminant herbivores. American Naturalist, 125, 641-72.
    • (1985) American Naturalist , vol.125 , pp. 641-672
    • Demment, M.W.1    Van Soest, P.J.2
  • 52
    • 0021585259 scopus 로고
    • A common relationship between precipitation and grassland peak biomass for East and southern Africa
    • Deshmukh I. K. (1984). A common relationship between precipitation and grassland peak biomass for East and southern Africa. African Journal of Ecology, 22, 181-6.
    • (1984) African Journal of Ecology , vol.22 , pp. 181-186
    • Deshmukh, I.K.1
  • 54
    • 0002751004 scopus 로고
    • Assembly of species communities
    • M. L. Cody and J. M. Diamond, eds. Belknap Press, Cambridge, MA.
    • Diamond J. M. (1975). Assembly of species communities. In M. L. Cody and J. M. Diamond, eds. Ecology and evolution of communities, Belknap Press, Cambridge, MA.
    • (1975) Ecology and evolution of communities
    • Diamond, J.M.1
  • 55
    • 0001972564 scopus 로고
    • Overview: Laboratory experiments, field experiments, and natural experiments
    • J. Diamond and E. J. Case, eds
    • Diamond J. M. (1986). Overview: Laboratory experiments, field experiments, and natural experiments. In J. Diamond and E. J. Case, eds. Community Ecology, pp. 3-22.
    • (1986) Community Ecology , pp. 3-22
    • Diamond, J.M.1
  • 57
    • 0002563560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclic grazing in vertebrates and the manipulation of the food resource
    • H. Olff, V. K. Brown, and R. H. Drent, Blackwell, Science, Oxford.
    • Drent R. H. and van der Wal R. (1999). Cyclic grazing in vertebrates and the manipulation of the food resource. In H. Olff, V. K. Brown, and R. H. Drent, eds. Herbivores: between plants and predators, pp. 271-99, Blackwell Science, Oxford.
    • (1999) Herbivores: between plants and predators , pp. 271-299
    • Drent, R.H.1    Van der Wal, R.2
  • 58
    • 0002898996 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation dynamics in the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem: the role of elephants, fire and other factors
    • A. R.E. Sinclair and P. Arcese,Chicago, University Press, Chicago.
    • Dublin H. T. (1995). Vegetation dynamics in the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem: the role of elephants, fire and other factors. In A. R.E. Sinclair and P. Arcese, eds. Serengeti II: dynamics, management and conservation of an ecosystem, pp. 71-90, Chicago University Press, Chicago.
    • (1995) Serengeti II: dynamics management and conservation of an ecosystem , pp. 71-90
    • Dublin, H.T.1
  • 59
    • 0025682789 scopus 로고
    • Elephants and fire as causes of multiple stable states in the Serengeti-Mara woodlands
    • Dublin H. T., Sinclair A. R. E. and McGlade J. (1990). Elephants and fire as causes of multiple stable states in the Serengeti-Mara woodlands. Journal of Animal Ecology, 59, 1147-64.
    • (1990) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.59 , pp. 1147-1164
    • Dublin, H.T.1    Sinclair, A.R.E.2    McGlade, J.3
  • 60
    • 0025673161 scopus 로고
    • Does competition regulate ungulate populations? Further evidence from Serengeti, Tanzania
    • Dublin H. T., Sinclair A. R. E., Boutin S., Anderson E., Jago M., and Arcese P. (1990). Does competition regulate ungulate populations? Further evidence from Serengeti, Tanzania. Oecologia, 82, 283-8.
    • (1990) Oecologia , vol.82 , pp. 283-288
    • Dublin, H.T.1    Sinclair, A.R.E.2    Boutin, S.3    Anderson, E.4    Jago, M.5    Arcese, P.6
  • 62
    • 0031834762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition refuges and coexistence: an example from Serengeti carnivores
    • Durant S. M. (1998). Competition refuges and coexistence: an example from Serengeti carnivores. Journal of Animal Ecology, 67, 370-86.
    • (1998) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.67 , pp. 370-386
    • Durant, S.M.1
  • 63
    • 0025233146 scopus 로고
    • Feeding-height stratification among African browsing ruminants
    • Du Toit J. T. (1990). Feeding-height stratification among African browsing ruminants. African Journal of Ecology, 28, 55-61.
    • (1990) African Journal of Ecology , vol.28 , pp. 55-61
    • Du Toit, J.T.1
  • 64
    • 17044430053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large herbivores and savanna heterogeneity
    • J. T. DuToit, K. H. Rogers and H. C. Biggs, eds. Island, Press, Washington.
    • Du Toit J. T. (2003). Large herbivores and savanna heterogeneity. In J. T. DuToit, K. H. Rogers and H. C. Biggs, eds. The Kruger experience. Ecology and management of savanna heterogeneity, pp. 292-309, Island Press, Washington.
    • (2003) The Kruger experience. Ecology and management of savanna heterogeneity , pp. 292-309
    • Du Toit, J.T.1
  • 65
    • 0026277855 scopus 로고
    • Conditioned taste aversion: how sick must a ruminant get before it learns about toxicity in food?
    • Du Toit J. T., Provenza F. D. and Nastis A. (1991). Conditioned taste aversion: how sick must a ruminant get before it learns about toxicity in food? Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 30, 35-46.
    • (1991) Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol.30 , pp. 35-46
    • Du Toit, J.T.1    Provenza, F.D.2    Nastis, A.3
  • 66
    • 0021062642 scopus 로고
    • Application of species-area curves to African savannah reserves
    • East R. (1983). Application of species-area curves to African savannah reserves. African Journal of Ecology, 21, 123-8.
    • (1983) African Journal of Ecology , vol.21 , pp. 123-128
    • East, R.1
  • 67
    • 0021537355 scopus 로고
    • Rainfall, soil nutrient status and biomass of large African savannah mammals
    • East R. (1984). Rainfall, soil nutrient status and biomass of large African savannah mammals. African Journal of Ecology, 22, 245-70.
    • (1984) African Journal of Ecology , vol.22 , pp. 245-270
    • East, R.1
  • 68
    • 0003603380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IUCN/SSC Antelope Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
    • East R. (1998). African antelope database 1998. IUCN/SSC Antelope Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. 434pp.
    • (1998) African antelope database 1998 , pp. 434
    • East, R.1
  • 70
    • 0021543388 scopus 로고
    • Food ecology of the Kalahari lion Panthera leo vernayi
    • Eloff F. C. (1984). Food ecology of the Kalahari lion Panthera leo vernayi. Koedoe, 1984 (Suppl.), 249-58.
    • (1984) Koedoe , pp. 249-258
    • Eloff, F.C.1
  • 72
    • 0000950107 scopus 로고
    • The ten-year cycle in numbers of the lynx in Canada
    • Elton C. S. and Nicholson A. J. (1942). The ten-year cycle in numbers of the lynx in Canada. Journal of Animal Ecology, 11, 215-44.
    • (1942) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.11 , pp. 215-244
    • Elton, C.S.1    Nicholson, A.J.2
  • 73
    • 0005678856 scopus 로고
    • Changes in the large mammal community of Mweya Peninsula, Rwensori National Park, Uganda, following removal of hippopotamus
    • Eltringham S. K. (1974). Changes in the large mammal community of Mweya Peninsula, Rwensori National Park, Uganda, following removal of hippopotamus. Journal of Applied Ecology, 11, 855-66.
    • (1974) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.11 , pp. 855-866
    • Eltringham, S.K.1
  • 75
  • 76
    • 33845271083 scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of the food habits of some wild ungulates in the Queen Elizabeth Park, Uganda: preliminary report
    • MA Crawford ed. Symposium of the Zoological Society (London)
    • Field C. R. (1968). A comparative study of the food habits of some wild ungulates in the Queen Elizabeth Park, Uganda: preliminary report. In MA Crawford ed. Comparative nutrition of wild large mammals. Symposium of the Zoological Society (London), 21, 135-51.
    • (1968) Comparative nutrition of wild large mammals , vol.21 , pp. 135-151
    • Field, C.R.1
  • 77
    • 84995248724 scopus 로고
    • The food habits of wild ungulates in Uganda by analysis of stomach contents
    • Field C. R. (1972). The food habits of wild ungulates in Uganda by analysis of stomach contents. East African Wildlife Journal, 10, 17-42.
    • (1972) East African Wildlife Journal , vol.10 , pp. 17-42
    • Field, C.R.1
  • 78
    • 0034863460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal habitat use of kob antelopes (Kobus kob kob Erxleben 1777) in the Comoé National Park, Ivory Coast as revealed by radio tracking
    • Fischer F. and Linsenmair K. E. (2001). Spatial and temporal habitat use of kob antelopes (Kobus kob kob Erxleben 1777) in the Comoé National Park, Ivory Coast as revealed by radio tracking. African Journal of Ecology, 39, 249-56.
    • (2001) African Journal of Ecology , vol.39 , pp. 249-256
    • Fischer, F.1    Linsenmair, K.E.2
  • 79
    • 38249022103 scopus 로고
    • A cost to individuals with reduced vigilance in groups of Thomson's gazelle hunted by cheetahs
    • FitzGibbon C. D. (1989). A cost to individuals with reduced vigilance in groups of Thomson's gazelle hunted by cheetahs. Animal Behaviour, 37, 508-10.
    • (1989) Animal Behaviour , vol.37 , pp. 508-510
    • FitzGibbon, C.D.1
  • 81
    • 84909560616 scopus 로고
    • Changes in the distribution of cattle and of bovine trypanosomiasis associated with the spread of tsetse flies (Glossina) in south-west Uganda
    • Ford J. and Clifford H. R. (1968). Changes in the distribution of cattle and of bovine trypanosomiasis associated with the spread of tsetse flies (Glossina) in south-west Uganda. Journal of Applied Ecology, 5, 301-37.
    • (1968) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.5 , pp. 301-337
    • Ford, J.1    Clifford, H.R.2
  • 84
    • 0025626016 scopus 로고
    • Large herbivorous mammals: exotic species in northern Australia
    • Freeland W. J. (1990). Large herbivorous mammals: exotic species in northern Australia. Journal of Biogeography, 17, 445-9.
    • (1990) Journal of Biogeography , vol.17 , pp. 445-449
    • Freeland, W.J.1
  • 85
    • 84920450150 scopus 로고
    • Large herbivorous mammals: exotic species in northern Australia
    • P. A. Werner, ed. Blackwell Scientific Publications.
    • Freeland W. J. (1991). Large herbivorous mammals: exotic species in northern Australia. In P. A. Werner, ed. Savanna ecology and management, pp. 101-5, Blackwell Scientific Publications.
    • (1991) Savanna ecology and management , pp. 101-105
    • Freeland, W.J.1
  • 86
    • 0003021534 scopus 로고
    • Aggregation and migration by grazing ungulates in relation to resources and predators
    • A. R. E. Sinclair and P. Arcese,Chicago, University Press, Chicago.
    • Fryxell J. M. (1995). Aggregation and migration by grazing ungulates in relation to resources and predators. In A. R. E. Sinclair and P. Arcese, eds. Serengeti II: dynamics, management and conservation of an ecosystem, pp. 257-73, Chicago University Press, Chicago.
    • (1995) Serengeti II: dynamics management and conservation of an ecosystem , pp. 257-273
    • Fryxell, J.M.1
  • 87
    • 0007516274 scopus 로고
    • Land use and productive potential of Indian savanna
    • J. C. Tothill and J. J. Mott, eds, Australian Academy of Sciences, Canberra.
    • Gadgil M. and Meher Homji V. M. (1985) Land use and productive potential of Indian savanna. In J. C. Tothill and J. J. Mott, eds. Ecology and management of world savannas, pp. 107-13, Australian Academy of Sciences, Canberra.
    • (1985) Ecology and management of world savannas , pp. 107-113
    • Gadgil, M.1    Meher Homji, V.M.2
  • 88
    • 0020421980 scopus 로고
    • The dynamics and trophic ecology of grasshoppers (Acridoidea) in a South African savanna
    • Gandar M. V. (1982a). The dynamics and trophic ecology of grasshoppers (Acridoidea) in a South African savanna. Oecologia, 54, 370-8.
    • (1982) Oecologia , vol.54 , pp. 370-378
    • Gandar, M.V.1
  • 89
    • 0037630538 scopus 로고
    • Trophic ecology and plant/herbivore energetics
    • B. J. Huntly and B. H. Walker,Springer, Berlin.
    • Gandar M. V. (1982b). Trophic ecology and plant/herbivore energetics. In B. J. Huntly and B. H. Walker, eds. Ecology of tropical savannas, pp. 514-43, Springer, Berlin.
    • (1982) Ecology of tropical savannas , pp. 514-543
    • Gandar, M.V.1
  • 90
    • 0002727290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species richness: measure and measurement
    • K. J. Gaston, ed. Blackwell Science.
    • Gaston K. J. (1996). Species richness: measure and measurement. In K. J. Gaston, ed. Biodiversity. A biology of numbers and difference, 77-113, Blackwell Science.
    • (1996) Biodiversity. A biology of numbers and difference , pp. 77-113
    • Gaston, K.J.1
  • 91
    • 84920476029 scopus 로고
    • The servals of Gorigor
    • Geertsema A. (1981). The servals of Gorigor. Wildlife News, 16, 4-8.
    • (1981) Wildlife News , vol.16 , pp. 4-8
    • Geertsema, A.1
  • 92
    • 0037324923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of rainfall on zebra population dynamics: implications for management
    • Georgiadis N., Hack M. and Turpin K. (2003). The influence of rainfall on zebra population dynamics: implications for management. Journal of Applied Ecology, 40, 125-36.
    • (2003) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.40 , pp. 125-136
    • Georgiadis, N.1    Hack, M.2    Turpin, K.3
  • 93
  • 95
    • 2942702856 scopus 로고
    • Appendix A Changes in populations of resident ungulates
    • A. R. E. Sinclair and M. Norton-Griffiths, eds. Chicago University Press, Chicago.
    • Grimsdell J. J. R. (1979). Appendix A. Changes in populations of resident ungulates. In A. R. E. Sinclair and M. Norton-Griffiths, eds. Serengeti: dynamics of an ecosystem, pp. 353-9, Chicago University Press, Chicago.
    • (1979) Serengeti: dynamics of an ecosystem , pp. 353-359
    • Grimsdell, J.J.R.1
  • 97
    • 0344687847 scopus 로고
    • Census of plains animals in the Serengeti National Park, Tanganyika
    • Grzimek M. and Grzimek B. (1960b). Census of plains animals in the Serengeti National Park, Tanganyika. Journal of Wildlife Management, 24, 27-37.
    • (1960) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.24 , pp. 27-37
    • Grzimek, M.1    Grzimek, B.2
  • 98
    • 0014431375 scopus 로고
    • Selection of grazing components by grazong ungulates in the Serengeti National Park
    • (London)
    • Gwynne M. D. and Bell R. H. V. (1968). Selection of grazing components by grazong ungulates in the Serengeti National Park. Nature (London), 220, 390-3.
    • (1968) Nature , vol.220 , pp. 390-393
    • Gwynne, M.D.1    Bell, R.H.V.2
  • 99
    • 0034915550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human density as an influence on species-area relationships: double jeopardy for small African reserves?
    • Harcourt A. H., Parks S. A. and Woodroffe R. (2001). Human density as an influence on species-area relationships: double jeopardy for small African reserves? Biodiversity and Conservation, 10, 1001-26.
    • (2001) Biodiversity and Conservation , vol.10 , pp. 1001-1026
    • Harcourt, A.H.1    Parks, S.A.2    Woodroffe, R.3
  • 100
    • 0030318804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An equilibrium terrestrial biosphere model based on ecophysiological constraints, resource availability and competition among plant functional types
    • Haxeltine A. and Prentice I. C. (1996). An equilibrium terrestrial biosphere model based on ecophysiological constraints, resource availability and competition among plant functional types. Global Biogeoche Cyc, 10, 693-709.
    • (1996) Global Biogeoche Cyc , vol.10 , pp. 693-709
    • Haxeltine, A.1    Prentice, I.C.2
  • 101
    • 0022213070 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal water relations of savanna shrubs and grasses in Kenya, East Africa
    • Helsa B. I., Tieszen H. L. and Boutton T. W. (1985). Seasonal water relations of savanna shrubs and grasses in Kenya, East Africa. Journal of Arid Environments, 8, 15-31.
    • (1985) Journal of Arid Environments , vol.8 , pp. 15-31
    • Helsa, B.I.1    Tieszen, H.L.2    Boutton, T.W.3
  • 102
    • 0343100299 scopus 로고
    • A simulation of the wildebeest population, other ungulates, and their predators
    • A. R. E. Sinclair and M. Norton-Griffiths, eds., Chicago University Press, Chicago.
    • Hilborn R. and Sinclair A. R. E. (1979). A simulation of the wildebeest population, other ungulates, and their predators, pp. 287-309, In A. R. E. Sinclair and M. Norton-Griffiths, eds. Serengeti: dynamics of an ecosystem, pp. 1-30, Chicago University Press, Chicago.
    • (1979) Serengeti: dynamics of an ecosystem
    • Hilborn, R.1    Sinclair, A.R.E.2
  • 105
    • 0001072338 scopus 로고
    • Populations in a Transvaal lowland nature reserve
    • Hirst S. M. (1969). Populations in a Transvaal lowland nature reserve. Zool. Afr., 4, 199-230.
    • (1969) Zool. Afr. , vol.4 , pp. 199-230
    • Hirst, S.M.1
  • 106
    • 0004884788 scopus 로고
    • Some preliminary findings on the population structure and status of the black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis in Hluluwe Game Reserve, Zululand
    • Hitchins P. M. (1968). Some preliminary findings on the population structure and status of the black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis in Hluluwe Game Reserve, Zululand. Lammergeyer, 9, 26-8.
    • (1968) Lammergeyer , vol.9 , pp. 26-28
    • Hitchins, P.M.1
  • 107
    • 0343730431 scopus 로고
    • Influence of vegetation types on sizes of home ranges of black rhino in Hluluwe Game Reserve
    • Hitchins P. M. (1969). Influence of vegetation types on sizes of home ranges of black rhino in Hluluwe Game Reserve. Lammergeyer, 3, 81-5.
    • (1969) Lammergeyer , vol.3 , pp. 81-85
    • Hitchins, P.M.1
  • 108
    • 0008928025 scopus 로고
    • Options for the control of elephants in conflict with people
    • Hoare R. (1995). Options for the control of elephants in conflict with people. Pachyderm, 19, 54-63.
    • (1995) Pachyderm , vol.19 , pp. 54-63
    • Hoare, R.1
  • 109
    • 0000638971 scopus 로고
    • Comparisons of the rumen and omasum structure in East African game ruminants in relation to their feeding habits
    • Hofmann R. R. (1968) Comparisons of the rumen and omasum structure in East African game ruminants in relation to their feeding habits. Symposium of the Zoological Society of London, 21, 179-94.
    • (1968) Symposium of the Zoological Society of London , vol.21 , pp. 179-194
    • Hofmann, R.R.1
  • 110
    • 0004060895 scopus 로고
    • East African Literature Bureau, Nairobi.
    • Hofmann R. R. (1973). The ruminant stomach. East African Literature Bureau, Nairobi.
    • (1973) The ruminant stomach
    • Hofmann, R.R.1
  • 111
    • 0035206274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal patterns in Lemniscomys striatus (Linnaeus 1758) as revealed by radio-tracking
    • Hoffmann A. and Klingel H. (2001). Spatial and temporal patterns in Lemniscomys striatus (Linnaeus 1758) as revealed by radio-tracking. African Journal of Ecology, 39, 351-6.
    • (2001) African Journal of Ecology , vol.39 , pp. 351-356
    • Hoffmann, A.1    Klingel, H.2
  • 112
    • 84888258034 scopus 로고
    • The components of predation as revealed by a study of small-mammal predation of the European pine sawfly
    • Holling C. S. (1959). The components of predation as revealed by a study of small-mammal predation of the European pine sawfly. Canadian Entomologist, 91, 293-320.
    • (1959) Canadian Entomologist , vol.91 , pp. 293-320
    • Holling, C.S.1
  • 113
    • 0023519291 scopus 로고
    • Carbon mineralisation in semi-arid northeastern Australia: the role of termites
    • Holt J. A. (1987). Carbon mineralisation in semi-arid northeastern Australia: the role of termites. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 3, 255-63.
    • (1987) Journal of Tropical Ecology , vol.3 , pp. 255-263
    • Holt, J.A.1
  • 114
    • 0023480409 scopus 로고
    • Prey communities in patchy environments
    • Holt R. D. (1987). Prey communities in patchy environments. Oikos, 50, 276-90.
    • (1987) Oikos , vol.50 , pp. 276-290
    • Holt, R.D.1
  • 115
    • 0000852035 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation of the Olokemeji Forest Reserve, Nigeria I. General features of the reserve and the research sites
    • Hopkins B. (1962). Vegetation of the Olokemeji Forest Reserve, Nigeria. I. General features of the reserve and the research sites. Journal of Ecology, 50, 559-98.
    • (1962) Journal of Ecology , vol.50 , pp. 559-598
    • Hopkins, B.1
  • 116
    • 84985387021 scopus 로고
    • Rumen fermentation and food selection in East African zebu cattle, wildebeest, Coke's hartebeest and topi
    • Hoppe P. P., Qvortrup S. A. and Woodford M. H. (1977). Rumen fermentation and food selection in East African zebu cattle, wildebeest, Coke's hartebeest and topi. Journal of Zoology, 181, 1-9.
    • (1977) Journal of Zoology , vol.181 , pp. 1-9
    • Hoppe, P.P.1    Qvortrup, S.A.2    Woodford, M.H.3
  • 117
    • 0002587084 scopus 로고
    • The adaptations of scavengers
    • A. R. E. Sinclair and M. Norton-Griffiths,University, of Chicago Press, Chicago and London.
    • Houston D. C. (1979). The adaptations of scavengers. In A. R. E. Sinclair and M. Norton-Griffiths, eds. Serengeti. Dynamics of an ecosystem, pp. 263-86, University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London.
    • (1979) Serengeti. Dynamics of an ecosystem , pp. 263-286
    • Houston, D.C.1
  • 118
    • 2642693745 scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem conservation in southern Africa
    • M. J. A. Werger, ed. W. Junk, The Hague.
    • Huntley B. J. (1978). Ecosystem conservation in southern Africa. In M. J. A. Werger, ed. Biogeography and ecology of southern Africa, W. Junk, The Hague.
    • (1978) Biogeography and ecology of southern Africa
    • Huntley, B.J.1
  • 119
    • 0001281379 scopus 로고
    • Homage to Santa Rosalia, or why are there so many kinds of animals?
    • Hutchinson G. E. (1959). Homage to Santa Rosalia, or why are there so many kinds of animals? American Naturalist, 93, 145-59.
    • (1959) American Naturalist , vol.93 , pp. 145-159
    • Hutchinson, G.E.1
  • 120
    • 0342536176 scopus 로고
    • On the true density of tsetse flies
    • Jackson C. H. N. (1933). On the true density of tsetse flies. Journal of Animal Ecology, 2, 204-9.
    • (1933) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.2 , pp. 204-209
    • Jackson, C.H.N.1
  • 121
    • 0001023445 scopus 로고
    • Coevolution of mutualism between ants and Acacia in Central America
    • Jansen D. H. (1966). Coevolution of mutualism between ants and Acacia in Central America. Evolution, 20, 249-75.
    • (1966) Evolution , vol.20 , pp. 249-275
    • Jansen, D.H.1
  • 122
    • 0000219553 scopus 로고
    • Diets of large mammals in the woodlands around Lake Kariba, Rhodesia
    • Jarman P. J. (1971). Diets of large mammals in the woodlands around Lake Kariba, Rhodesia. Oecologia (Berlin), 8, 157-78.
    • (1971) Oecologia (Berlin) , vol.8 , pp. 157-178
    • Jarman, P.J.1
  • 123
    • 0004125118 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal distribution of large mammal populations in the unflooded middle Zambezi valley
    • Jarman P. J. (1972). Seasonal distribution of large mammal populations in the unflooded middle Zambezi valley. Journal of Applied Ecology, 9, 283-99.
    • (1972) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.9 , pp. 283-299
    • Jarman, P.J.1
  • 124
    • 84966002657 scopus 로고
    • The social organisation of antelope in relation to their ecology
    • Jarman P. J. (1974). The social organisation of antelope in relation to their ecology. Behaviour, 48, 215-67.
    • (1974) Behaviour , vol.48 , pp. 215-267
    • Jarman, P.J.1
  • 126
    • 0004209304 scopus 로고
    • IIIa (carnivores). University of Chicago Press.
    • Kingdon J. (1977). East African mammals. IIIa (carnivores). University of Chicago Press.
    • (1977) East African mammals
    • Kingdon, J.1
  • 127
    • 0004209304 scopus 로고
    • IIIc (bovids). University of Chicago Press.
    • Kingdon J. (1982). East African mammals. IIIc (bovids). University of Chicago Press.
    • (1982) East African mammals
    • Kingdon, J.1
  • 130
    • 0024186123 scopus 로고
    • The archaeological significance of animal bones from Acheulean sites in southern Africa
    • Klein R. G. (1988). The archaeological significance of animal bones from Acheulean sites in southern Africa. African Archeological Review, 6, 3-25.
    • (1988) African Archeological Review , vol.6 , pp. 3-25
    • Klein, R.G.1
  • 131
    • 0022230413 scopus 로고
    • Interactions of woody and herbaceous vegetation in southern African savanna
    • Knoop, W. T. and Walker B. H. (1985). Interactions of woody and herbaceous vegetation in southern African savanna. Journal of Ecology, 73, 235-53.
    • (1985) Journal of Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 235-253
    • Knoop, W.T.1    Walker, B.H.2
  • 134
    • 0004268242 scopus 로고
    • University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London.
    • Kruuk H. (1972). The spotted hyaena. University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London.
    • (1972) The spotted hyaena
    • Kruuk, H.1
  • 135
    • 0000830731 scopus 로고
    • The numbers of bird species on islands
    • Lack D. (1969). The numbers of bird species on islands. Bird Study, 16, 193-209.
    • (1969) Bird Study , vol.16 , pp. 193-209
    • Lack, D.1
  • 136
    • 0008685505 scopus 로고
    • Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
    • Lack D. (1976). Island birds. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
    • (1976) Island birds
    • Lack, D.1
  • 137
    • 84995177626 scopus 로고
    • Ecological separation of the large mammal species in the Tarangire Game Reserve, Tanganyika
    • Lamprey H. F. (1963). Ecological separation of the large mammal species in the Tarangire Game Reserve, Tanganyika. East African Wildlife Journal, 1, 63-92.
    • (1963) East African Wildlife Journal , vol.1 , pp. 63-92
    • Lamprey, H.F.1
  • 138
    • 84920488031 scopus 로고
    • The story of an African wild dog. Collins, London.
    • Lawick H. van (1973). Solo. The story of an African wild dog. Collins, London.
    • (1973) Solo
    • Van, L.H.1
  • 140
    • 84967847430 scopus 로고
    • Age criteria for the African elephant Loxodonta africana
    • Laws R. M. (1966). Age criteria for the African elephant Loxodonta africana. East African Wildlife Journal, 4, 1-37.
    • (1966) East African Wildlife Journal , vol.4 , pp. 1-37
    • Laws, R.M.1
  • 141
    • 0002886917 scopus 로고
    • Elephants as agents of habitat and landscape change in East Africa
    • Laws R. M. (1970). Elephants as agents of habitat and landscape change in East Africa. Oikos, 21, 1-15.
    • (1970) Oikos , vol.21 , pp. 1-15
    • Laws, R.M.1
  • 142
    • 0012157371 scopus 로고
    • Sur la richesse de la flore de divers territoires africains
    • Lebrum J. (1960). Sur la richesse de la flore de divers territoires africains. Acad. R. Sci. Outre-Mer, Bull. Séances, 6, 669-90.
    • (1960) Acad. R. Sci. Outre-Mer Bull. Séances , vol.6 , pp. 669-690
    • Lebrum, J.1
  • 143
    • 0028981298 scopus 로고
    • Spatial partitioning of the soil watersource between grass and shrub components in a West African humid savanna
    • Le Roux X., Bariac T. and Mariotti A. (1995). Spatial partitioning of the soil watersource between grass and shrub components in a West African humid savanna. Oecologia, 104, 147-55.
    • (1995) Oecologia , vol.104 , pp. 147-155
    • Le Roux, X.1    Bariac, T.2    Mariotti, A.3
  • 144
    • 84956451770 scopus 로고
    • Variation in territorial behaviour of Ugandan kob, Adenota kob thomasi (Neumann 1896)
    • Leuthold W. (1966). Variation in territorial behaviour of Ugandan kob, Adenota kob thomasi (Neumann 1896). Behaviour, 27, 214-57.
    • (1966) Behaviour , vol.27 , pp. 214-257
    • Leuthold, W.1
  • 145
    • 84995232639 scopus 로고
    • Movements and patterns of habitat utilization in Tsavo National Park, Kenya
    • Leuthold W. and Sale J. B. (1973). Movements and patterns of habitat utilization in Tsavo National Park, Kenya. East African Wildlife Journal, 11, 369-84.
    • (1973) East African Wildlife Journal , vol.11 , pp. 369-384
    • Leuthold, W.1    Sale, J.B.2
  • 146
    • 0026333821 scopus 로고
    • Satellite tracking of elephants in northwestern Namibia
    • Lindeque M. and Lindeque P. M. (1991). Satellite tracking of elephants in northwestern Namibia. African Journal of Ecology, 29, 196-206.
    • (1991) African Journal of Ecology , vol.29 , pp. 196-206
    • Lindeque, M.1    Lindeque, P.M.2
  • 147
    • 0000930018 scopus 로고
    • The trophic-dynamic aspect of ecology
    • Linderman R. L. (1942). The trophic-dynamic aspect of ecology. Ecology, 23, 399-418.
    • (1942) Ecology , vol.23 , pp. 399-418
    • Linderman, R.L.1
  • 148
    • 0001372773 scopus 로고
    • Fluctuations of animal populations and a measure of community stability
    • MacArthur R. H. (1955). Fluctuations of animal populations and a measure of community stability. Ecology, 36, 533-6.
    • (1955) Ecology , vol.36 , pp. 533-536
    • MacArthur, R.H.1
  • 149
    • 0000273547 scopus 로고
    • The limiting similarity, convergence and divergence of coexisting species
    • MacArthur R. H. and Levins R. (1967). The limiting similarity, convergence and divergence of coexisting species. American Naturalist, 101, 377-85.
    • (1967) American Naturalist , vol.101 , pp. 377-385
    • MacArthur, R.H.1    Levins, R.2
  • 153
    • 0002032030 scopus 로고
    • Serengeti migratory wildebeest: facilitation of energy flow by grazing
    • McNaughton S. J. (1976). Serengeti migratory wildebeest: facilitation of energy flow by grazing. Science, 191, 92-4.
    • (1976) Science , vol.191 , pp. 92-94
    • McNaughton, S.J.1
  • 154
    • 0001257473 scopus 로고
    • Diversity and stability of ecological communities: a comment on the role of empiricism in ecology
    • McNaughton S. J. (1977). Diversity and stability of ecological communities: a comment on the role of empiricism in ecology. American Naturalist, 111, 515-25.
    • (1977) American Naturalist , vol.111 , pp. 515-525
    • McNaughton, S.J.1
  • 155
    • 0000533876 scopus 로고
    • Grazing as an optimization process: grassungulate relationships in the Serengeti
    • McNaughton S. J. (1979a). Grazing as an optimization process: grassungulate relationships in the Serengeti. American Naturalist, 113, 691-703.
    • (1979) American Naturalist , vol.113 , pp. 691-703
    • McNaughton, S.J.1
  • 156
    • 0003098623 scopus 로고
    • Grassland-herbivore dynamics
    • A. R. E. Sinclair and M. Norton-Griffiths,University, of Chicago Press, Chicago and London.
    • McNaughton S. J. (1979b). Grassland-herbivore dynamics. In A. R. E. Sinclair and M. Norton-Griffiths, eds. Serengeti. Dynamics of an ecosystem, pp. 46-81, University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London.
    • (1979) Serengeti. Dynamics of an ecosystem , pp. 46-81
    • McNaughton, S.J.1
  • 157
    • 0001578138 scopus 로고
    • Ecology of a grazing ecosystem: the Serengeti
    • McNaughton S. J. (1985). Ecology of a grazing ecosystem: the Serengeti. Ecological Monographs, 55, 259-94.
    • (1985) Ecological Monographs , vol.55 , pp. 259-294
    • McNaughton, S.J.1
  • 159
    • 0027040965 scopus 로고
    • Symbiotic ants as an alternative defense against giraffe herbivorory in spinescent Acacia drepanolobium
    • Madden D. and Young T. P. (1992). Symbiotic ants as an alternative defense against giraffe herbivorory in spinescent Acacia drepanolobium.Oecologia, 91, 235-8.
    • (1992) Oecologia , vol.91 , pp. 235-238
    • Madden, D.1    Young, T.P.2
  • 161
    • 0015514970 scopus 로고
    • Will a large complex system be stable?
    • May R. M. (1972). Will a large complex system be stable? Nature, 238, 413-14.
    • (1972) Nature , vol.238 , pp. 413-414
    • May, R.M.1
  • 162
    • 0002760043 scopus 로고
    • On relationships among various types of population models
    • May R. M. (1973). On relationships among various types of population models. American Naturalist, 107, 46-57.
    • (1973) American Naturalist , vol.107 , pp. 46-57
    • May, R.M.1
  • 164
  • 165
    • 0001829744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limits to exploitation of Serengeti wildebeest and implications for its management
    • 37th Symposium of the British Ecological Society, D. M. Newbery, H. H. T. Prins and N. Brown,Blackwell, Science Ltd, Oxford.
    • Mduma S. A. R., Hilborn R. and Sinclair A. R. E. (1998). Limits to exploitation of Serengeti wildebeest and implications for its management. In D. M. Newbery, H. H. T. Prins and N. Brown, eds. Dynamics of Tropical Communities. 37th Symposium of the British Ecological Society, pp. 243-65, Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford.
    • (1998) Dynamics of Tropical Communities , pp. 243-265
    • Mduma, S.A.R.1    Hilborn, R.2    Sinclair, A.R.E.3
  • 167
    • 0002398001 scopus 로고
    • The vegetation of African savannas
    • F. Bourliere, ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
    • Menaut, J. C. (1983) The vegetation of African savannas. In F. Bourliere, ed. Tropical savannas, pp. 109-50, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
    • (1983) Tropical savannas , pp. 109-150
    • Menaut, J.C.1
  • 168
    • 0034534871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracolonial demography of the mound-building termite Macrotermes natalensis (Haviland) (Isoptera, Termitidae) in the northern Kruger National Park, South Africa
    • Meyer V. W., Crewe R. M., Braack H. T., Groeneveld H. T. and van der Linde M. J. (2000). Intracolonial demography of the mound-building termite Macrotermes natalensis (Haviland) (Isoptera, Termitidae) in the northern Kruger National Park, South Africa. Insectes Sociaux, 47, 390-7.
    • (2000) Insectes Sociaux , vol.47 , pp. 390-397
    • Meyer, V.W.1    Crewe, R.M.2    Braack, H.T.3    Groeneveld, H.T.4    van der Linde, M.J.5
  • 169
    • 0028995873 scopus 로고
    • Acacia seed survival, seed germination and seedling growth following pod consumption by large herbivores and seed chewing by rodents
    • Miller M. F. (1995). Acacia seed survival, seed germination and seedling growth following pod consumption by large herbivores and seed chewing by rodents. African Journal of Ecology, 33, 194-210.
    • (1995) African Journal of Ecology , vol.33 , pp. 194-210
    • Miller, M.F.1
  • 170
    • 0000409163 scopus 로고
    • Isolation and extirpation in wildlife reserves
    • Miller R. I. and Harris (1977). Isolation and extirpation in wildlife reserves. Biological Conservation, 12, 311-15.
    • (1977) Biological Conservation , vol.12 , pp. 311-315
    • Miller, R.I.1    Harris2
  • 171
    • 0021543226 scopus 로고
    • Prey selection and feeding habits of the large carnivores in the southern Kalahari
    • Mills M. G. L. (1984). Prey selection and feeding habits of the large carnivores in the southern Kalahari. Koedoe, 1984 (Suppl.), 281-94.
    • (1984) Koedoe , Issue.SUPPL , pp. 281-294
    • Mills, M.G.L.1
  • 173
    • 0001442513 scopus 로고
    • Prey apportionment and related ecological relationships between large carnivores and prey in the Kruger National Park
    • Mills M. G. L. and Biggs H. C. (1993). Prey apportionment and related ecological relationships between large carnivores and prey in the Kruger National Park. Symposium of the Zoological Society of London, 65, 253-68.
    • (1993) Symposium of the Zoological Society of London , vol.65 , pp. 253-268
    • Mills, M.G.L.1    Biggs, H.C.2
  • 174
    • 26844520620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large carnivores and savanna heterogeneity
    • J. T. DuToit, K. H. Rogers and H. C. Biggs,Island, Press, Washington.
    • Mills M. G. L. and Funston P. J. (2003). Large carnivores and savanna heterogeneity. In J. T. DuToit, K. H. Rogers and H. C. Biggs, eds. The Kruger experience. Ecology and management of savanna heterogeneity, pp. 370-88, Island Press, Washington.
    • (2003) The Kruger experience. Ecology and management of savanna heterogeneity , pp. 370-388
    • Mills, M.G.L.1    Funston, P.J.2
  • 175
    • 0344558935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Status survey and conservation action plan. IUCN/SSC Hyaena Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
    • Mills M. G. L. and Hofer H. (compliers) (1998). Hyaenas. Status survey and conservation action plan. IUCN/SSC Hyaena Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. 154pp.
    • (1998) Hyaenas , pp. 154
    • Mills, M.G.L.1    Hofer, H.2
  • 176
    • 0027075689 scopus 로고
    • Predator-prey relationships: the impact of lion predation on wildebeest and zebra populations
    • Mills M. G. L. and Shenk T. M. (1992). Predator-prey relationships: the impact of lion predation on wildebeest and zebra populations. Journal of Animal Ecology, 61, 693-702.
    • (1992) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.61 , pp. 693-702
    • Mills, M.G.L.1    Shenk, T.M.2
  • 177
    • 84970541364 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between rainfall, lion predation and population trends in African herbivores
    • Mills M. G. L., Biggs H. C. and Whyte I. J. (1995). The relationship between rainfall, lion predation and population trends in African herbivores. Wildlife Research, 22, 75-88.
    • (1995) Wildlife Research , vol.22 , pp. 75-88
    • Mills, M.G.L.1    Biggs, H.C.2    Whyte, I.J.3
  • 178
    • 0006436792 scopus 로고
    • Indian savannahs
    • F. Bourlière,Amsterdam . Elsevier
    • Misra R. (1983). Indian savannahs. In F. Bourlière, ed. Tropical savannas, volume 13, pp. 151-66. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
    • (1983) Tropical savannas , vol.13 , pp. 151-166
    • Misra, R.1
  • 179
    • 0001651450 scopus 로고
    • Predation on large mammals in the Kafue National Park, Zambia
    • Mitchell B. L., Skenton J. B. and Uye J. C. M. (1965). Predation on large mammals in the Kafue National Park, Zambia. Zool. Afr., 1, 297-318.
    • (1965) Zool. Afr. , vol.1 , pp. 297-318
    • Mitchell, B.L.1    Skenton, J.B.2    Uye, J.C.M.3
  • 181
    • 33645816793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myth, marula and elephant: an assessment of voluntary ethanol intoxication of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) following feeding on the fruit of the marula tree (Sclerocarya birrea)
    • Morris S., Humphreys D. and Reynolds D. (2006). Myth, marula and elephant: an assessment of voluntary ethanol intoxication of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) following feeding on the fruit of the marula tree (Sclerocarya birrea). Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 78.
    • (2006) Physiological and Biochemical Zoology , pp. 78
    • Morris, S.1    Humphreys, D.2    Reynolds, D.3
  • 182
    • 0001815425 scopus 로고
    • Australian savanna ecosystems
    • J. C. Tothill and J. J. Mott, eds. (ed.), Australian Academy of Sciences, Canberra.
    • Mott J. J., Williams J., Andrew M. H. and Gillison A. N. (1985) Australian savanna ecosystems. In J. C. Tothill and J. J. Mott, eds. Ecology and management of the world's savannas, (ed.), pp. 56-82, Australian Academy of Sciences, Canberra.
    • (1985) Ecology and management of the world's savannas , pp. 56-82
    • Mott, J.J.1    Williams, J.2    Andrew, M.H.3    Gillison, A.N.4
  • 183
    • 0003296967 scopus 로고
    • Specific nutrient requirements and migration of wildebeest
    • A. R. E. Sinclair and P Arcese,Chicago, University Press, Chicago.
    • Murray M. G. (1995). Specific nutrient requirements and migration of wildebeest. In A. R. E. Sinclair and P Arcese, eds. Serengeti II: dynamics, management and conservation of an ecosystem, pp. 231-56, Chicago University Press, Chicago.
    • (1995) Serengeti II: dynamics management and conservation of an ecosystem, , pp. 231-256
    • Murray, M.G.1
  • 184
    • 0028179806 scopus 로고
    • The conflict between wildlife and local people living adjacent to protected areas in Tanzania: human density as a predictor
    • Newmark W. D., Manyanza D. N., Gamassa D. G. M. and Sariko H. I. (1994). The conflict between wildlife and local people living adjacent to protected areas in Tanzania: human density as a predictor. Conservation Biology, 8, 249-55.
    • (1994) Conservation Biology , vol.8 , pp. 249-255
    • Newmark, W.D.1    Manyanza, D.N.2    Gamassa, D.G.M.3    Sariko, H.I.4
  • 185
    • 0004534296 scopus 로고
    • People-elephant conflict management in Tsavo, Kenya
    • Ngure N. (1995). People-elephant conflict management in Tsavo, Kenya. Pachyderm, 19, 20-5.
    • (1995) Pachyderm , vol.19 , pp. 20-25
    • Ngure, N.1
  • 186
    • 0000029557 scopus 로고
    • The environment of Terra Australis
    • A. Keast, ed. Junk, The Hague.
    • Nix H. A. (1981). The environment of Terra Australis. In A. Keast, ed. Ecological biogeography of Australia, pp. 103-33, Junk, The Hague.
    • (1981) Ecological biogeography of Australia , pp. 103-133
    • Nix, H.A.1
  • 188
    • 84995215189 scopus 로고
    • Counting migratory wildebeest using two-stage sampling
    • Norton-Griffiths M. (1973). Counting migratory wildebeest using two-stage sampling. East African Wildlife Journal, 11, 135-49.
    • (1973) East African Wildlife Journal , vol.11 , pp. 135-149
    • Norton-Griffiths, M.1
  • 189
    • 0003809323 scopus 로고
    • 2nd edn. African Wildlife Leadership Foundation, Nairobi. Available from the African Wildlife Foundation, PO Box 48177, Nairobi, Kenya.
    • Norton-Griffiths M. (1978). Counting Animals. 2nd edn. African Wildlife Leadership Foundation, Nairobi. Available from the African Wildlife Foundation, PO Box 48177, Nairobi, Kenya.
    • (1978) Counting Animals
    • Norton-Griffiths, M.1
  • 190
    • 0002615333 scopus 로고
    • The influence of grazing, browsing, and fire on the vegetation dynamics of the Serengeti
    • A. R. E. Sinclair and M. Norton-Griffiths,University, of Chicago Press, Chicago and London.
    • Norton-Griffiths M. (1979). The influence of grazing, browsing, and fire on the vegetation dynamics of the Serengeti. In A. R. E. Sinclair and M. Norton-Griffiths, eds. Serengeti. Dynamics of an ecosystem, pp. 310-52, University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London.
    • (1979) Serengeti. Dynamics of an ecosystem , pp. 310-352
    • Norton-Griffiths, M.1
  • 191
    • 0003765023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IUCN Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK
    • Nowell K. and Jackson P. (eds)(1996). Wild cats. IUCN Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. 382pp.
    • (1996) Wild cats , pp. 382
    • Nowell, K.1    Jackson, P.2
  • 192
    • 0034794079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of precipitation and species composition on phytomass of a semi-arid African grassland
    • O'Connor T. G., Haines, L. M. and Snyman H. A. (2001). Influence of precipitation and species composition on phytomass of a semi-arid African grassland. Journal of Ecology, 89, 850-60.
    • (2001) Journal of Ecology , vol.89 , pp. 850-860
    • O'Connor, T.G.1    Haines, L.M.2    Snyman, H.A.3
  • 193
    • 33144481285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oscillations in large mammal populations: are they related to predation or rainfall?
    • Ogutu J. O. and Owen-Smith N. (2005). Oscillations in large mammal populations: are they related to predation or rainfall? African Journal of Ecology, 43, 332-9.
    • (2005) African Journal of Ecology , vol.43 , pp. 332-339
    • Ogutu, J.O.1    Owen-Smith, N.2
  • 194
    • 0000782719 scopus 로고
    • Ungulates and large rodents of South America
    • F. Bourlière,Amsterdam . Elsevier
    • Ojasti J. (1983). Ungulates and large rodents of South America. In F. Bourlière, ed. Tropical savannas, volume 13, pp. 427-39. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
    • (1983) Tropical savannas , vol.13 , pp. 427-439
    • Ojasti, J.1
  • 195
    • 0033835081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population trends of large non-migratory wild herbivores and livestock in the Masai Mara ecosystem, Kenya, between 1977 and 1997
    • Ottichilo W. K., De Leeuw J., Skidmore A. K., Prins H. H. T. and Said M. Y. (2000). Population trends of large non-migratory wild herbivores and livestock in the Masai Mara ecosystem, Kenya, between 1977 and 1997. African Journal of Ecology, 38, 202-16.
    • (2000) African Journal of Ecology , vol.38 , pp. 202-216
    • Ottichilo, W.K.1    De Leeuw, J.2    Skidmore, A.K.3    Prins, H.H.T.4    Said, M.Y.5
  • 197
    • 0025625619 scopus 로고
    • Demography of a large herbivore, the greater kudu, in relation to rainfall
    • Owen-Smith N. (1990). Demography of a large herbivore, the greater kudu, in relation to rainfall. Journal of Animal Ecology, 59, 893-913.
    • (1990) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.59 , pp. 893-913
    • Owen-Smith, N.1
  • 199
    • 27644480744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative changes in adult vs juvenile survival affecting population trends of African ungulates
    • Owen-Smith N. and Mason D. R. (2005). Comparative changes in adult vs. juvenile survival affecting population trends of African ungulates. Journal of Animal Ecology, 74, 762-73.
    • (2005) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 762-773
    • Owen-Smith, N.1    Mason, D.R.2
  • 200
    • 21244459100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rainfall influences on ungulate population dynamics in the Kruger National Park
    • J. T. DuToit, K. H. Rogers and H. C. Biggs,Island, Press, Washington.
    • Owen-Smith N. and Ogutu J. O. (2003). Rainfall influences on ungulate population dynamics in the Kruger National Park. In J. T. DuToit, K. H. Rogers and H. C. Biggs, eds. The Kruger experience. Ecology and management of savanna heterogeneity, pp. 310-31, Island Press, Washington.
    • (2003) The Kruger experience. Ecology and management of savanna heterogeneity , pp. 310-331
    • Owen-Smith, N.1    Ogutu, J.O.2
  • 201
    • 27644511665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlates of survival rates for 10 African ungulate populations: density, rainfall and predation
    • Owen-Smith N., Mason D. R. and Ogutu J. O. (2005). Correlates of survival rates for 10 African ungulate populations: density, rainfall and predation. Journal of Animal Ecology, 74, 774-88.
    • (2005) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 774-788
    • Owen-Smith, N.1    Mason, D.R.2    Ogutu, J.O.3
  • 202
    • 0342906445 scopus 로고
    • Report to TANAPA, SWRI, MWEKA, and the Game Depertment. Arusha, Tanzania: Tanzanian National Parks.
    • Packer C. (1990). Serengeti lion survey. Report to TANAPA, SWRI, MWEKA, and the Game Depertment. Arusha, Tanzania: Tanzanian National Parks.
    • (1990) Serengeti lion survey
    • Packer, C.1
  • 203
    • 0002596015 scopus 로고
    • Food web complexity and species diversity
    • Paine R. T. (1966). Food web complexity and species diversity. American Naturalist, 100, 65-75.
    • (1966) American Naturalist , vol.100 , pp. 65-75
    • Paine, R.T.1
  • 204
    • 0000149002 scopus 로고
    • Food webs: linkage, interaction strength and community infrastructure
    • Paine R. T. (1980). Food webs: linkage, interaction strength and community infrastructure. Journal of Animal Ecology, 49, 667-85.
    • (1980) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.49 , pp. 667-685
    • Paine, R.T.1
  • 205
    • 14044267738 scopus 로고
    • Report on an ecological survey of the Serengeti National Park, Tanganyika
    • Pearsall W. H. (1957). Report on an ecological survey of the Serengeti National Park, Tanganyika. Oryx, 4, 71-136.
    • (1957) Oryx , vol.4 , pp. 71-136
    • Pearsall, W.H.1
  • 208
    • 0004701751 scopus 로고
    • Movements of migratory wildebeest population in the Serengeti area between 1960 and 1973
    • Pennycuick L. (1975). Movements of migratory wildebeest population in the Serengeti area between 1960 and 1973. East African Wildlife Journal, 13, 65-87.
    • (1975) East African Wildlife Journal , vol.13 , pp. 65-87
    • Pennycuick, L.1
  • 209
    • 5344220226 scopus 로고
    • A summary of the re-introduction of ungulates into South African National Parks (to 31 December 1970)
    • Penzhorn B. L. (1971). A summary of the re-introduction of ungulates into South African National Parks (to 31 December 1970). Koedoe, 14, 145-59.
    • (1971) Koedoe , vol.14 , pp. 145-159
    • Penzhorn, B.L.1
  • 210
    • 0009854615 scopus 로고
    • A second outbreak of anthrax amongst game animals in the Kruger National Park
    • Pienar U. de V. (1961). A second outbreak of anthrax amongst game animals in the Kruger National Park. Koedoe, 4, 4-17.
    • (1961) Koedoe , vol.4 , pp. 4-17
    • Pienar, U.V.1
  • 211
    • 0003008404 scopus 로고
    • The large mammals of the Kruger National Park-their distribution and present-day status
    • Pienar U. de V. (1963). The large mammals of the Kruger National Park-their distribution and present-day status. Koedoe, 6, 1-263.
    • (1963) Koedoe , vol.6 , pp. 1-263
    • Pienar, U.V.1
  • 212
    • 0011679480 scopus 로고
    • The small mammals of the Kruger National Park-a systematic list and zoogeography
    • Pienar U. de V. (1964). The small mammals of the Kruger National Park-a systematic list and zoogeography. Koedoe, 7, 1-25.
    • (1964) Koedoe , vol.7 , pp. 1-25
    • Pienar, U.V.1
  • 213
    • 0014127360 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of anthrax of wild animals and the control of anthrax epizootics in the Kruger National Park, South Africa
    • Pienar U. de V. (1967). Epidemiology of anthrax of wild animals and the control of anthrax epizootics in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Fed. Proc., 26, 1496-502.
    • (1967) Fed. Proc. , vol.26 , pp. 1496-1502
    • Pienar, U.V.1
  • 214
    • 0000307455 scopus 로고
    • Predator-prey relationships amongst the larger mammals of the Kruger National Park
    • Pienar U. de V. (1969). Predator-prey relationships amongst the larger mammals of the Kruger National Park. Koedoe, 12, 108-76.
    • (1969) Koedoe , vol.12 , pp. 108-176
    • Pienar, U.V.1
  • 215
    • 0004295054 scopus 로고
    • University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London.
    • Pimm S. L. (1991). The balance of nature? University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London.
    • (1991) The balance of nature?
    • Pimm, S.L.1
  • 217
    • 0004682714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition between wildlife and livestock in Africa
    • H. H. T. prins, J. G. Grootenhuis and T. T. Dolan, eds. Kluwer Academic Publications, Wageningen, Netherlands.
    • Prins H. H. T. (2000). Competition between wildlife and livestock in Africa. In H. H. T. prins, J. G. Grootenhuis and T. T. Dolan, eds. Wildlife Conservation by Sustainable Use. Kluwer Academic Publications, Wageningen, Netherlands.
    • (2000) Wildlife Conservation by Sustainable Use
    • Prins, H.H.T.1
  • 218
    • 0001895833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species richness of African grazer assemblages: towards a functional explanation
    • D. M. Newberry, H. H. T. Prins and N. Brown, eds., Blackwell Scientific, Oxford.
    • Prins H. H. T. and Olff H. (1998). Species richness of African grazer assemblages: towards a functional explanation. In D. M. Newberry, H. H. T. Prins and N. Brown, eds. Dynamics of tropical communities, Blackwell Scientific, Oxford.
    • (1998) Dynamics of tropical communities
    • Prins, H.H.T.1    Olff, H.2
  • 221
    • 0010344747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Mkomazi
    • M. Coe, N. McWilliam, G. Stone and M. Packer,Royal, Geographic Society (with the Institute of British Geographers), London.
    • Robertson H. G. (1998). Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Mkomazi. In M. Coe, N. McWilliam, G. Stone and M. Packer, eds. Mkomazi. The ecology, biodiversity and conservation of a Tanzanian savanna, pp. 337-60, Royal Geographic Society (with the Institute of British Geographers), London.
    • (1998) Mkomazi. The ecology biodiversity and conservation of a Tanzanian savanna , pp. 337-360
    • Robertson, H.G.1
  • 222
    • 0035943459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic evidence for two species of elephant in Africa
    • Roca A. L., Georgiadis N., Pecon-Slattery J. and O'Brien S. J. (2001) Genetic evidence for two species of elephant in Africa. Science, 293, 1473-77.
    • (2001) Science , vol.293 , pp. 1473-1477
    • Roca, A.L.1    Georgiadis, N.2    Pecon-Slattery, J.3    O'Brien, S.J.4
  • 223
    • 0030417217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A fundamental problem in key factor analysis
    • Royama T. (1996). A fundamental problem in key factor analysis. Ecology, 77, 87-93.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 87-93
    • Royama, T.1
  • 225
    • 0009763688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity and water relations in tropical savannas
    • O. T. Solbrig, E. Medina and J. F. Silva,Springer, -Verlag, Berlin.
    • Sarmiento G. (1998). Biodiversity and water relations in tropical savannas. In O. T. Solbrig, E. Medina and J. F. Silva, eds. Biodiversity and savanna ecosystem processes. A global perspective, pp. 61-75, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
    • (1998) Biodiversity and savanna ecosystem processes. A global perspective , pp. 61-75
    • Sarmiento, G.1
  • 226
    • 0002061743 scopus 로고
    • Life forms and phenology
    • F. Bourliere, ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
    • Sarmiento, G. and Monasterio, M. (1983) Life forms and phenology. In F. Bourliere, ed. Tropical savannas, pp. 109-50, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
    • (1983) Tropical savannas , pp. 109-150
    • Sarmiento, G.1    Monasterio, M.2
  • 227
    • 0003982476 scopus 로고
    • University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London.
    • Schaller G. B. (1972). The Serengeti lion. University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London.
    • (1972) The Serengeti lion
    • Schaller, G.B.1
  • 228
    • 0021028349 scopus 로고
    • Field experiments on interspecific competition
    • Schoener T. W. (1983). Field experiments on interspecific competition. American Naturalist, 122, 240-85.
    • (1983) American Naturalist , vol.122 , pp. 240-285
    • Schoener, T.W.1
  • 231
    • 0028995081 scopus 로고
    • The rooting patterns of woody and herbaceous plants in a savanna: are they complimentary or in competition?
    • Seghieri J. (1995). The rooting patterns of woody and herbaceous plants in a savanna: are they complimentary or in competition? African Journal of Ecology, 33, 358-65.
    • (1995) African Journal of Ecology , vol.33 , pp. 358-365
    • Seghieri, J.1
  • 233
    • 20444433628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vigilance and group size in impala (Aepyceros melampus Lichtenstein): a study in Nairobi National Park, Kenya
    • Shorrocks B. and Cokayne A. (2005). Vigilance and group size in impala (Aepyceros melampus Lichtenstein): a study in Nairobi National Park, Kenya. African Journal of Ecology, 43, 91-6.
    • (2005) African Journal of Ecology , vol.43 , pp. 91-96
    • Shorrocks, B.1    Cokayne, A.2
  • 238
    • 84995242977 scopus 로고
    • The natural regulation of buffalo populations in East Africa III. Population trends and mortality
    • Sinclair A. R. E. (1974). The natural regulation of buffalo populations in East Africa. III. Population trends and mortality. East African Wildlife Journal, 12, 185-200.
    • (1974) East African Wildlife Journal , vol.12 , pp. 185-200
    • Sinclair, A.R.E.1
  • 239
    • 0000173380 scopus 로고
    • The resource limitation of trophic levels in tropical grassland ecosystems
    • Sinclair A. R. E. (1975). The resource limitation of trophic levels in tropical grassland ecosystems. Journal of Animal Ecology, 44, 497-520.
    • (1975) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.44 , pp. 497-520
    • Sinclair, A.R.E.1
  • 240
    • 0004179030 scopus 로고
    • A study of resource limitation of populations. University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London.
    • Sinclair, A. R. E. (1977). The African buffalo. A study of resource limitation of populations. University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London.
    • (1977) The African buffalo
    • Sinclair, A.R.E.1
  • 241
    • 0002200579 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of the Serengeti ecosystem: process and pattern
    • A. R. E. Sinclair and M. Norton-Griffiths,Chicago, University Press, Chicago.
    • Sinclair, A. R. E. (1979). Dynamics of the Serengeti ecosystem: process and pattern. In A. R. E. Sinclair and M. Norton-Griffiths, eds. Serengeti: dynamics of an ecosystem, pp. 1-30, Chicago University Press, Chicago.
    • (1979) Serengeti: dynamics of an ecosystem , pp. 1-30
    • Sinclair, A.R.E.1
  • 242
    • 0022222441 scopus 로고
    • Does interspecific competition or predation shape the African ungulate community?
    • Sinclair A. R. E. (1985). Does interspecific competition or predation shape the African ungulate community? Journal of Animal Ecology, 54, 899-918.
    • (1985) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.54 , pp. 899-918
    • Sinclair, A.R.E.1
  • 243
  • 244
    • 0001822346 scopus 로고
    • Population limitation of resident herbivores
    • A. R. E. Sinclair and P. Arcese,Chicago, University Press, Chicago.
    • Sinclair A. R. E. (1995). Population limitation of resident herbivores. In A. R. E. Sinclair and P. Arcese, eds. Serengeti II: dynamics, management and conservation of an ecosystem, pp. 194-219, Chicago University Press, Chicago.
    • (1995) Serengeti II: dynamics management and conservation of an ecosystem , pp. 194-219
    • Sinclair, A.R.E.1
  • 245
    • 1542304428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptation, niche partitioning and coexistence in the African Bovidae: clues to the past
    • E. S. Vrba and G. B. Schaller, eds, Yale University Press, New Haven.
    • Sinclair A. R. E. (2000). Adaptation, niche partitioning and coexistence in the African Bovidae: clues to the past. In E. S. Vrba and G. B. Schaller, eds, Antelopes, deer and relatives: fossil record, behavioural ecology, systematics and conservation. Yale University Press, New Haven.
    • (2000) Antelopes deer and relatives: fossil record, behavioural ecology, systematics and conservation
    • Sinclair, A.R.E.1
  • 247
    • 33645101103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding ecosystem dynamics for conservation of biota
    • Sinclair A. R. E. and Byrom A. E. (2006). Understanding ecosystem dynamics for conservation of biota. Journal of Animal Ecology, 75, 64-79.
    • (2006) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 64-79
    • Sinclair, A.R.E.1    Byrom, A.E.2
  • 249
    • 0020384013 scopus 로고
    • Does competition or facilitation regulate migrant ungulate populations in the Serengeti? A test of hypotheses
    • Sinclair A. R. E. and Norton-Griffiths M. (1982). Does competition or facilitation regulate migrant ungulate populations in the Serengeti? A test of hypotheses. Oecologis, 53, 364-9.
    • (1982) Oecologis , vol.53 , pp. 364-369
    • Sinclair, A.R.E.1    Norton-Griffiths, M.2
  • 250
    • 0032420943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A reconnaissance survey of the vegetation of the North Luangwa National Park, Zambia
    • Smith P. P. (1998). A reconnaissance survey of the vegetation of the North Luangwa National Park, Zambia. Bothalia, 28, 197-211.
    • (1998) Bothalia , vol.28 , pp. 197-211
    • Smith, P.P.1
  • 251
    • 0000704399 scopus 로고
    • Interrelations between predators, prey and their environment
    • Smuts G. L. (1978). Interrelations between predators, prey and their environment. Bio-Science, 28, 316-20.
    • (1978) Bio-Science , vol.28 , pp. 316-320
    • Smuts, G.L.1
  • 252
    • 0002021179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diversity of savanna ecosystems
    • O. T. Solbrig, E. Medina and J. F. Silva,Springer, -Verlag, Berlin.
    • Solbrig O. T. (1996). The diversity of savanna ecosystems. In O. T. Solbrig, E. Medina and J. F. Silva, eds. Biodiversity and savanna ecosystem processes. A global perspective, pp. 1-27, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
    • (1996) Biodiversity and savanna ecosystem processes. A global perspective , pp. 1-27
    • Solbrig, O.T.1
  • 253
    • 0001404198 scopus 로고
    • Benign neglect: a model of faunal collapse in the game reserves of East Africa
    • Soulé M. E., Wilcox B. A. and Holtby C. (1979). Benign neglect: a model of faunal collapse in the game reserves of East Africa. Biological Conservation, 15, 259-72.
    • (1979) Biological Conservation , vol.15 , pp. 259-272
    • Soulé, M.E.1    Wilcox, B.A.2    Holtby, C.3
  • 254
    • 84995267361 scopus 로고
    • A review of ivory exploitation and elephant population trends in Africa
    • Spinage C. A. (1973). A review of ivory exploitation and elephant population trends in Africa. East African Wildlife Journal, 11, 281-9.
    • (1973) East African Wildlife Journal , vol.11 , pp. 281-289
    • Spinage, C.A.1
  • 255
    • 0036707147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition-colonization trade-offs in a guild of African acacia-ants
    • Stanton M. L., Palmer T. M. and Young T. P. (2002). Competition-colonization trade-offs in a guild of African acacia-ants. Ecological Monographs, 72, 347-63.
    • (2002) Ecological Monographs , vol.72 , pp. 347-363
    • Stanton, M.L.1    Palmer, T.M.2    Young, T.P.3
  • 256
    • 0031846370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interaction of thorns and symbiotic ants as an effective defence mechanism of swollen-thorn acacias
    • Stapley L. (1998). The interaction of thorns and symbiotic ants as an effective defence mechanism of swollen-thorn acacias. Oecologia, 115, 401-5.
    • (1998) Oecologia , vol.115 , pp. 401-415
    • Stapley, L.1
  • 262
    • 0344687845 scopus 로고
    • Fauna of the Serengeti National Park
    • Swynnerton G. H. (1958). Fauna of the Serengeti National Park. Mammalia, 22, 435-50.
    • (1958) Mammalia , vol.22 , pp. 435-450
    • Swynnerton, G.H.1
  • 264
    • 0021576542 scopus 로고
    • Chapman and Hall, New York London.
    • Taylor R. J. (1984). Predation. Chapman and Hall, New York London.
    • (1984) Predation
    • Taylor, R.J.1
  • 265
    • 0024898272 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of some avian census techniques in a population of lovebirds at Lake Naivasha, Kenya
    • Thompson J. J. (1989). A comparison of some avian census techniques in a population of lovebirds at Lake Naivasha, Kenya. African Journal of Ecology, 27, 157-66.
    • (1989) African Journal of Ecology , vol.27 , pp. 157-166
    • Thompson, J.J.1
  • 266
    • 0028179621 scopus 로고
    • Conflict between humans and elephants on private land in northern Kenya
    • Thoules C. R. (1994). Conflict between humans and elephants on private land in northern Kenya. Oryx, 28, 119-27.
    • (1994) Oryx , vol.28 , pp. 119-127
    • Thoules, C.R.1
  • 267
    • 0022202508 scopus 로고
    • African landcover classification using satellite data
    • Ticker C. J. J., Townsend J. R. G. and Goff T. E. (1985). African landcover classification using satellite data. Science, 227, 369-75.
    • (1985) Science , vol.227 , pp. 369-375
    • Ticker, C.J.J.1    Townsend, J.R.G.2    Goff, T.E.3
  • 268
    • 84920447103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rugged pursuit
    • Torchio P. and Manconi M. (2004). Rugged pursuit. Swara, 27, 70-2.
    • (2004) Swara , vol.27 , pp. 70-72
    • Torchio, P.1    Manconi, M.2
  • 269
    • 28244451846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competitive interactions between spotted hyaenas and lions in the Etosha National Park, Namibia
    • Trinkel M. and Kastberger G. (2005). Competitive interactions between spotted hyaenas and lions in the Etosha National Park, Namibia. African Journal of Ecology, 43, 220-24.
    • (2005) African Journal of Ecology , vol.43 , pp. 220-224
    • Trinkel, M.1    Kastberger, G.2
  • 271
    • 4243139349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of mutualism
    • B Shorrocks,Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publications
    • Vandermeer J. (1984). The evolution of mutualism. In B Shorrocks, ed. Evolutionary Ecology, pp. 221-32, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
    • Evolutionary Ecology , pp. 221-232
    • Vandermeer, J.1
  • 273
    • 0000553422 scopus 로고
    • Grazing succession among East African game mammals
    • Vesey-Fitzgerald D. F. (1960). Grazing succession among East African game mammals. Journal of Mammalogy, 41, 161-72.
    • (1960) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.41 , pp. 161-172
    • Vesey-Fitzgerald, D.F.1
  • 274
    • 84995202687 scopus 로고
    • Browse production and utilization in Tarangire National Park
    • Vesey-Fitzgerald D. F. (1973). Browse production and utilization in Tarangire National Park. East African Wildlife Journal, 11, 291-306.
    • (1973) East African Wildlife Journal , vol.11 , pp. 291-306
    • Vesey-Fitzgerald, D.F.1
  • 275
    • 84995240732 scopus 로고
    • Utilization of the grazing resources by buffaloes in the Arusha National park, Tanzania
    • Vesey-Fitzgerald D. F. (1974). Utilization of the grazing resources by buffaloes in the Arusha National park, Tanzania. East African Wildlife Journal, 12, 107-34.
    • (1974) East African Wildlife Journal , vol.12 , pp. 107-134
    • Vesey-Fitzgerald, D.F.1
  • 276
    • 0032813405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resource partitioning between sympatric wild and domestic herbivores in the Tarangire region of Tanzania
    • Voeten M. M. and Prins H. H. T. (1999). Resource partitioning between sympatric wild and domestic herbivores in the Tarangire region of Tanzania. Oecologia, 120, 287-94.
    • (1999) Oecologia , vol.120 , pp. 287-294
    • Voeten, M.M.1    Prins, H.H.T.2
  • 277
    • 84896178081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Box 11.2, T. R. McClanahan and T. P. Young, eds. East African ecosystems and their conservation. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    • Waithaka J. M. (1996). Elephants: a keystone species. Box 11.2, p. 284, In T. R. McClanahan and T. P. Young, eds. East African ecosystems and their conservation. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    • (1996) Elephants: a keystone species , pp. 284
    • Waithaka, J.M.1
  • 280
    • 0021079545 scopus 로고
    • Primary production and abiotic controls in forests, grasslands and desert ecosystems in the United States
    • Webb W. L., Lauenroth W. K., Szarek S. R. and Kinerson R. S. (1983). Primary production and abiotic controls in forests, grasslands and desert ecosystems in the United States. Ecology, 64, 134-51.
    • (1983) Ecology , vol.64 , pp. 134-151
    • Webb, W.L.1    Lauenroth, W.K.2    Szarek, S.R.3    Kinerson, R.S.4
  • 281
    • 0002086321 scopus 로고
    • The future of the savannah ecosystem: ecological islands or faunal enclaves?
    • Weston D. and Ssemakula (1981). The future of the savannah ecosystem: ecological islands or faunal enclaves? African Journal of Ecology, 19, 7-19.
    • (1981) African Journal of Ecology , vol.19 , pp. 7-19
    • Weston, D.1    Semakula, S.2
  • 283
    • 0034994276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of methods used to count the elephant population of the Addo Elephant National Park, South Africa
    • Whitehouse A. M., Hall-Martin A. J. and Knight M. H. (2001). A comparison of methods used to count the elephant population of the Addo Elephant National Park, South Africa. African Journal of Ecology, 39, 140-5.
    • (2001) African Journal of Ecology , vol.39 , pp. 140-145
    • Whitehouse, A.M.1    Hall-Martin, A.J.2    Knight, M.H.3
  • 286
    • 84920372306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ants, pollinators and acacias in Mkomazi
    • M. Coe, N. McWilliam, G. Stone and M. Packer,Royal, Geographic Society (with the Institute of British Geographers), London.
    • Willmer P., Stone G. N. and Mafunde D. (1998). Ants, pollinators and acacias in Mkomazi. In M. Coe, N. McWilliam, G. Stone and M. Packer, eds. Mkomazi. The ecology, biodiversity and conservation of a Tanzanian savanna, pp. 337-60, Royal Geographic Society (with the Institute of British Geographers), London.
    • (1998) Mkomazi. The ecology biodiversity and conservation of a Tanzanian savanna , pp. 337-360
    • Willmer, P.1    Stone, G.N.2    Mafunde, D.3
  • 288
    • 0020897052 scopus 로고
    • Group sizes of antelopes in an East African park
    • Wirtz P. and Lörscher J. (1983). Group sizes of antelopes in an East African park. Behaviour, 84, 135-55.
    • (1983) Behaviour , vol.84 , pp. 135-155
    • Wirtz, P.1    Lörscher, J.2
  • 289
    • 0035209845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The elephant population of Samburu and Buffalo Springs National Reserve, Kenya
    • Wittemyer G. (2001). The elephant population of Samburu and Buffalo Springs National Reserve, Kenya. African Journal of Ecology, 39, 357-65.
    • (2001) African Journal of Ecology , vol.39 , pp. 357-365
    • Wittemyer, G.1
  • 290
    • 0343836958 scopus 로고
    • The incidence of cysticercosis, hydratidosis, and sparganosis in wild herbivores of the queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda
    • Woodford M. H. and Sachs R. (1973) The incidence of cysticercosis, hydratidosis, and sparganosis in wild herbivores of the queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda. Bulletin of Epizooic Diseases of Africa, 21, 265-72.
    • (1973) Bulletin of Epizooic Diseases of Africa , vol.21 , pp. 265-272
    • Woodford, M.H.1    Sachs, R.2
  • 293
    • 84920397735 scopus 로고
    • Savannas of north-east India
    • P. A. Werner, ed.
    • Yadava P. S. (1991) Savannas of north-east India. In P. A. Werner, ed. Savanna ecology and management, pp. 3-10, Blackwell Scientific Publications.
    • (1991) Savanna ecology and management , pp. 3-10
    • Yadava, P.S.1
  • 294
    • 0030621349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ants on swollen-thorn acacias: species coexistence in a simple system
    • Young T. P., Stubblefield C. H. and Isbell L. A. (1997). Ants on swollen-thorn acacias: species coexistence in a simple system. Oecologia, 109, 98-107.
    • (1997) Oecologia , vol.109 , pp. 98-107
    • Young, T.P.1    Stubblefield, C.H.2    Isbell, L.A.3
  • 295
    • 19544368653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition and compensation among cattle, zebras, and elephants in a semi-arid savanna in Laikipia, Kenya
    • Young T. P., Palmer T. M. and Gadd M. E. (2005). Competition and compensation among cattle, zebras, and elephants in a semi-arid savanna in Laikipia, Kenya. Biological Conservation, 122, 351-9.
    • (2005) Biological Conservation , vol.122 , pp. 351-359
    • Young, T.P.1    Palmer, T.M.2    Gadd, M.E.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.