Radiation characteristics of ingestible wireless devices in human intestine following radio frequency exposure at 430, 800, 1200, and 2400 MHz

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

Volumn 57, Issue 8, 2009, Pages 2418-2428

  Xu, Lisheng ^a   Meng, Max Q H ^b   Ren, Hongliang ^b   Chan, Yawen ^b  

^a NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

Biological effects; Finite difference time domain (FDTD); Radiation intensity; Specific absorption rate

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS; FAR FIELD; FINITE-DIFFERENCE TIME-DOMAIN (FDTD); HUMAN BODIES; HUMAN BODY MODELS; HUMAN INTESTINE; HUMAN MODEL; INPUT POWER; NEAR FIELDS; OPERATION FREQUENCY; RADIATION CHARACTERISTICS; RADIATION INTENSITY; RADIO FREQUENCY SOURCE; RADIO-FREQUENCY EXPOSURE; SAFETY GUIDELINES; SIGNAL INTENSITIES; SIMULATION STUDIES; SPECIFIC ABSORPTION RATE; TEMPERATURE RISE; WIRELESS DEVICES;

ABSORPTION; BIOLOGICAL RADIATION EFFECTS; ELECTRIC FIELDS; ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE ABSORPTION; FINITE DIFFERENCE TIME DOMAIN METHOD; METHOD OF MOMENTS; RADIO; RADIO WAVES;

ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD EFFECTS;

EID: 68949218926     PISSN: 0018926X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2009.2024459     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. D. Poljak, Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields. Southampton, U.K.: WIT press, 2004.
2. IEEE Standard for Safety Levels With Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 KHz to 300 GHz, IEEE Standard C95.1-1999, Apr. 16, 1999.
3. IEEE Recommended Practice for Determining the Peak Spatial-Average Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in the Human Head From Wireless Communications Devices: Measurement Techniques IEEE, IEEE Std 1528, 2003.
4. O. P. Gandhi and G. Kang, "Some present problems and a proposed experimental phantom for SAR compliance testing of cellular telephones at 835 and 1900 MHz," Phys. Med. Bio., vol. 47, no. 9, pp. 1501-1518, 2002.
5. P. J. Dimbylow, "Fine resolution calculations of SAR in the human body for frequencies up to 3 GHz," Phys. Med. Bio., vol. 47, no. 16, pp. 2835-2846, 2002.
6. M. Martinez-Burdalo, A. Martin, M. Anguiano, and R. Villar, "Comparison of FDTD-calculated specific absorption rate in adults and children when using a mobile phone at 900 and 1800 MHz," Phys. Med. Bio., vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 345-354, 2004.
7. A. Alomainy, Y. Hao, C. G. Parini, and P. S. Hall, "Comparison between two different antennas for UWB on-body propagation measurements," Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 4, pp. 31-34, 2005.
8. G. Z. Yang, Body Sensor Networks. New York: Springer, 2006.
9. F. B. Thomas, "Biomonitoring with wireless communications," Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng., vol. 5, pp. 383-412, 2003.
10. A. Rosen, M. A. Stuchly, and A. V. Vorst, "Applications of RF/ microwaves in medicine," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 963-974, Mar. 2002.
11. P. S. Hall and H. Yang, Antennas Propag. for Body-Centric Wireless Communications. London, U.K.: Artech House, 2006.
12. H. Virtanen1, J. Keshvari, and R. Lappalainen, "The effect of authentic metallic implants on the SAR distribution of the head exposed to 900, 1800 and 2450 MHz dipole near field," Phys. Med. Bio., vol. 52, pp. 1221-1236, 2007.
13. S. Mohamad, H.Yamu, and C. Jonathan, "Wireless smart implants dedicated to multichannel monitoring and microstimulation," IEEE Circuits and Syst. Mag., vol. 5, pp. 21-39, 2005.
14. G. Iddan, G. Meron, and A. Glukhovsky et al., "Wireless capsule endoscopy," Nature, vol. 405, pp. 417-420, 2000.
15. D.Werber, A. Schwentner, and E. M. Biebl, "Investigation of RF transmission properties of human tissues," Advance Radio Sci., vol. 4, pp. 357-360, 2006.
16. H. Usui, M. Takahashi, and K. Ito, "Radiation characteristics of an implanted cavity slot antenna into the human body," in Proc. IEEE Antennas Propag. Society Int. Symp., Jul. 9-14, 2006, pp. 1095-1098.
17. H. Yu, G. S. Irby, D.M. Peterson, M.-T. Nguyen, G. Flores, N. Euliano, and R. Bashirullah, "A printed capsule antenna for medication compliance monitoring," IET Electron. Lett., vol. 43, no. 22, pp. 1179-1181, 2007.
18. J. Kim and Y. Rahmat-Samii, "An implanted antenna in the spherical human head: SAR and communication link performance," in Proc IEEE Topical Conf. on Wireless Commun. Technol., Oct. 15-17, 2003, pp. 202-203.
19. R. S. Yahya and J. H. Kim, "Implanted antennas in medical wireless communications," Synthesis Lectures Antennas, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-82, 2006.
20. E. A. Johannessen, L. Wang, L. Cui, T. B. Tang, M. Ahmadian, A. Astaras, S. W. Reld, P. S. Yam, A. F. Murray, B.W. Flynn, S. P. Beaumount, D. R. Cumming, and J. M. Cooper, "Implementation of multichannel sensors for remote biomedical measurements in a microsystems format," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 525-535, 2004.
21. K. W. Yoon, S. H.Woo, J. H. Lee, Y. H. Yoon, M. K. Kim, C. H.Won, H.-C. Choi, and J. H. Cho, "Telemetry capsule for pressure monitoring in the gastrointestinal tract," IEICE Trans. Fundamentals, vol. E89-A, no. 6, pp. 1699-1670, Jun. 2006.
22. J. E. Pandolfino et al., "Ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring using a wireless system," Amer. J. Gastroenterol., vol. 98, no. 4, pp. 740-749, 2003.
23. G. D. Meron, "The development of the swallowable video capsule (M2A)," Gastrointest. Endos., vol. 52, pp. 817-819, Dec. 2000.
24. S. I. Kwak, K. Chang, and Y. J. Yoon, "Small spiral antenna for wideband capsule endoscope system," Electron. Lett., vol. 42, no. 23, pp. 1328-1329, Nov. 9th, 2006.
25. H. J. Park, H. W. Nam, B. S. Song, J. L. Choi, H. C. Choi, J. C. Park, M. N. Kim, J. T. Lee, and J. H. Cho, "Design of bi-directional and multi-channel miniaturized telemetry module for wireless endoscopy," in Proc. 2nd Ann. Int. IEEE-EMBS Special Topic Conf. on Microtechnol. in Med. and Bio., Madison, WI, May 2-4, 2002, pp. 273-276.
26. Y. Kim, G. Lee, S. Park, B. Kim, J. O. Park, and J. H. Cho, "Pressure monitoring system in gastro-intestinal tract," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Robot. and Automat., Barcelona, Spain, April 2005, pp. 1321-1326.
27. S. G. Han, B. Y. Chi, and Z. H. Wang, "A 2.4 GHz low power ASK transmitter for wireless capsule endoscope applications," Chinese J. Semiconduct., vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 988-993, 2006.
28. Y. Koyangi, H. Kawai, K. Ogawa, and K. Ito, "Consideration of the local SAR and radiation characteristics of a helical antenna using a cylindroid whole body phantom at 150 MHz," Electron. Commun. Jpn. vol. 87, no. 1, pt. 1, pp. 48-59, 2004.
29. L. C. Chirwa, P. A. Hammond, S. Roy, and D. R. S. Cumming, "Electromagnetic radiation from ingested sources in the human intestine between 150 MHz and 1.2 GHz," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Engineer., vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 484-492, Apr. 2003.
30. Y. W. Chan, Q. H. Meng, K. L. Wu, and X. N. Wang, "Experimental study of radiation efficiency from an ingested source inside a human body model," in Proc. 27th Annu. Int. Conf. of the IEEE Engineer. in Med. and Bio. Society, 2005, pp. 7754-7757.
31. A. Taflove and S. C. Hagness, Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method, 3rd ed. Boston, MA: Artech House, 2000.
32. H. H. Pennes, "Analysis of tissue and arterial blood temperature in resting forearm," J. Appl. Physiol., vol. 1, pp. 93-122, 1948.
33. S. Gabriel, R. W. Lau, and C. Gabriel, "The dielectric properties of biological tissues: III parametric models for the dielectric spectrum of tissues," Phys. Med. Bio., vol. 41, pp. 2271-2293, 1996.
34. "XFDTD Reference Manual," REMCOM Inc, 2005.
35. C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 3rd ed. New York: Wiley, 2005.
36. S. Watanabe and M. Taki, "An improved FDTD model for the feeding gap of a thin-wire antenna," IEEE Microw. Guided Wave Lett., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 152-154, Apr. 1998.
37. P. Bernardi, M. Cavagnaro, S. Pisa, and E. Piuzzi, "A graded-mesh FDTD code for the study of human exposure to cellular phones equipped with helical antennas," Appl. Comput. Electromag. Soc. J., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 90-96, 2001.
38. P. Bernardi et al., "Power absorption and temperature elevations induced in the human head by a dual-band monopole-helix antenna phone," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 49, pp. 2539-2546, Dec. 2001.
39. M. Okoniewski, E. Okoniewska, and M. Stuchly, "Three-dimensional subgridding algorithm for FDTD," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 45, pp. 422-429, Mar. 1997.
40. G. Lazzi and O. P. Gandi, "On modelling and personal dosimetry of cellular telephone helical antennas with the FDTD code," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 46, pp. 525-530, Apr. 1998.
41. S. Koulouridius and K. S. Nikita, "Study of the coupling between human head and cellular phone helical antennas," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 62-70, 2004.
42. L. Gurel and U. Oguz, "Signal-processing techniques to reduce the sinusoidal steady-state error in the FDTD method," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 585-593, 2000.
43. B. Q. Gao and O. P. Gandhi, "An expanding-grid algorithm for the finite-difference time-domain method," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 277-283, 1992.
44. G.Waldschmidt and A. Taflove, "The determination of the effective radius of a filamentary source in the FDTD mesh," IEEE Microw. Guided Wave Lett., vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 217-219, Jun. 2000.
45. K. S. Yee, "Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving Maxwell's equations in isotropic media," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. AP-17, pp. 585-589, 1966.
46. IEEE Recommended Practice for Measurements and Computations of Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields With Respect to Human Exposure to Such Fields, 100 kHz-300 GHz, IEEE Standard C95.3-2002, 2002.
47. J. P. Berenger, "Three-dimensional perfectly matched layer for the absorption of electromagnetic waves," J. Computat. Phys., vol. 127, no. 2, pp. 363-379, Sep. 1996.
48. ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Iodizing Radiation Protection), "Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz)," Health Phys., vol. 74, no. 4, pp. 494-522, 1998.
49. A. Hirata, T. Asano, and O. Fujiwara, "FDTD analysis of human bodycore temperature elevation due to RF far-field energy prescribed in the ICNIRP guidelines," Phys. Med. Bio., vol. 52, pp. 5013-5023, 2007.
50. V. M. M. Flyckt, B. W. Raaymakers, H. Kroeze, and J. J. Wlagendijk, "Calculation of SAR and temperature rise in a high-resolution vascularized model of the human eye and orbit when exposed to a dipole antenna at 900 1500 and 1800 MHz," Phys. Med. Bio., vol. 52, pp. 2691-2701, 2007.
51. M. Fujimoto, A. Hirata, J. Wang, O. Fujiwara, and T. Shiozawa, "FDTD-derived correlation of maximum temperature increase and peak SAR in child and adult head models due to dipole antenna," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 48, pp. 240-247, Feb. 2006.
52. E. R. Adair and R. C. Petersen, "Biological effects of radio-frequency/microwave radiation," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 953-962, 2002.
53. M. J. Suess et al., Non-Ionising Radiation Protection, 2nd ed. Copenhagen, The Netherlands: WHO Regional Office for Europe, 1989, 92-890-1116-5.