Comparison of oral midazolam with a combination of oral midazolam and nitrous oxide-oxygen inhalation in the effectiveness of dental sedation for young children

Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry

Volumn 27, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 9-16

  Al Zahrani, A M ^a   Wyne, A H ^b,c   Sheta, S A ^b  

^a Security Forces Hospital ^*  (Saudi Arabia)

^b KING SAUD UNIVERSITY   (Saudi Arabia)

^c NONE   (Saudi Arabia)

Author keywords

Nitrous oxide oxygen; Oral midazolam; Sedation

Indexed keywords

ANESTHETIC AGENT; HYPNOTIC SEDATIVE AGENT; INHALATION ANESTHETIC AGENT; MIDAZOLAM; NITROUS OXIDE;

ARTICLE; CHILD; CHILD BEHAVIOR; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONSCIOUS SEDATION; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSSOVER PROCEDURE; CRYING; DENTAL ANESTHESIA; DENTAL CARE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; METHODOLOGY; MOVEMENT (PHYSIOLOGY); ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL;

ADMINISTRATION, ORAL; ANESTHESIA, DENTAL; ANESTHETICS, COMBINED; ANESTHETICS, INHALATION; CHILD; CHILD BEHAVIOR; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CONSCIOUS SEDATION; CROSS-OVER STUDIES; CRYING; DENTAL CARE FOR CHILDREN; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES; MALE; MIDAZOLAM; MOVEMENT; NITROUS OXIDE;

EID: 68949212202     PISSN: 09704388     EISSN: 19983905     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4103/0970-4388.50810     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (39)

1. Torres-Perez J, Tapia-Garcia I, Rosales-Berber MA, Hernandez- Sierra JF, Pozos-Guillen Ade J. Comparison of three regimens for pediatric dental patients. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2007;31:183-6.
2. Kanto JH. Midazolam: The first water-soluble benzodiazepine. Pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and efficacy in insomnia and anesthesia. Pharmacotherapy 1985;5:138-55.
3. Brandt SK, Bugg JL Jr. Problems of medication with the pediatric patient. Dent Clin North Am 1984;28:563-79.
4. Silver T, Wilson C, Webb M. Evaluation of two dosages of oral midazolam as a conscious sedation for physically and neurologically compromised pediatric dental patients. Pediatr Dent 1994;16:350-9.
5. Smith BM, Cutilli BJ, Saunders W. Oral midazolam: Pediatric conscious sedation. Compend Contin Educ Dent 1998;19 :586- 88, 590, 592.
6. Kain ZN, Hofstadter MB, Mayes LC, Krivutza DM, Alexander G, Wang SM. Midazolam: Effects on amnesia and anxiety in children. Anesthesiology 2000;93:676-84.
7. Kupietzky A, Houpt MI. Midazolam: A review of its use for conscious sedation of children. Pediatr Dent 1993;15 :237-41.
8. Davies FC, Waters M. Oral midazolam for conscious sedation of children during minor procedures. J Accid Emerg Med 1998;15:244-8.
9. Dionne R. Oral midazolam syrup: A safer alternative for pediatric sedation. Compend Contin Educ Dent 1999;20:221-2, 225-8, 230.
10. Nathan JE, Vargas KG. Oral midazolam with and without meperidine for management of the difficult young pediatric dental patient: A retrospective study. Pediatr Dent 2002;24:129-38.
11. Langa H. Relative analgesia in dental practice: Inhalation analgesia and sedation with nitrous oxide oxygen. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co; 1976.
12. Berge TI. Acceptance and side effects of nitrous oxide oxygen sedation for oral surgical procedures. Acta Odontol Scand 1999;57:201-6.
13. Lanza V, Mercadante S, Pignataro A. Effects of halothane, enflurane, and nitrous oxide on oxyhemoglobin affinity. Anesthesiology 1988;86:591-4.
14. Houpt M, Manetas C, Joshi A, Desjardins P. Effects of chloral hydrate on nitrous oxide sedation of children. Pediatr Dent 1989;11:26-9.
15. Shapira J, Holan G, Guelmann M, Cahan S. Evaluation of the effect of nitrous oxide and hydroxyzine in controlling the behavior of the pediatric dental patient. Pediatr Dent 1992;14:167-70.
16. Hartgraves PM, Primosch RE. An evaluation of oral and nasal midazolam for pediatric dental sedation. ASDC J Dent Child 1994;61:175-81.
17. Houpt MI, Kupietzky A, Tofsky NS, Koenigsberg SR. Effects of nitrous oxide on diazepam sedation of young children. Pediatr Dent 1996;18:236-41.
18. Litman RS, Berkowitz RJ, Ward DS. Levels of consciousness and ventilatory parameters in young children during sedation with oral midazolam and nitrous oxide. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1996;150 :671-5.
19. Litman RS, Kottra JA, Berkowitz RJ, Ward DS. Breathing patterns and levels of consciousness in children during administration of nitrous oxide after oral midazolam premedication. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1997;55:1372-7;Discussion 1378-9.
20. Wilson S, Matusak A, Casamassimo P, Larsen P. The effect of nitrous oxide on pediatric dental patients sedated with chloral hydrate and hydroxayzine. Pediatr Dent 1998;20:253-8.
21. Patients safety/risk management and quality improvement. Available from: http://www2.asahq.org/publications/c-11-patient-safetyrisk-management-and- quality-improvement.aspx.
22. Frankl SN, Shiere FR, Fogels HR. Should the parents remain with the child in the dental operatory? J Dent Child 1962;29:22-35.
23. Nadin G, Coulthard P. Memory and midazolam conscious sedation. Br Dent J 1997;183:399-407.
24. Houpt MI, Weiss NJ, Koenigsberg SR, Desjardins PJ. Comparison of chloral hydrate with and without promethazine in the sedation of young children. Pediatr Dent 1985;7:41-6.
25. Sams DR, Cook EW, Jackson JO, Roebuck BL. Behavioral assessments of two drug combinations for oral sedation. Pediatr Dent 1993;15:186-90.
26. Fuks AB, Kaufman E, Ram D, Hovav S, Shapira J. Assessment of two doses of intranasal midazolam for sedation of young pediatric dental patients. Pediatr Dent 1994;16:301-5.
27. El-Magboul KM, O'Sullivan EA, Curzon ME. A clinical trial comparing two doses of oral temazepam for sedation of paediatric dental patients. Int J Paediatr Dent 1995;5:97-102.
28. Al-Rakaf H, Bello LL, Turkustani A, Adenubi JO. Intra-nasal midazolam in conscious sedation of young paediatric dental patients. Int J Paediatr Dent 2001;11:33-40.
29. Dallman JA, Ignelzi MA, Jr., Briskie DM. Comparing the safety, efficacy and recovery of intranasal midazolam vs oral chloral hydrate and promethazine. Pediatr Dent 2001;23:424-30.
30. Pisalchaiyong T, Trairatvorakul C, Jirakijja J, Yuktarnonda W. Comparison of the effectiveness of oral diazepam and midazolam for the sedation of autistic patients during dental treatment. Pediatr Dent 2005;27:198-206.
31. Anderson BJ, Exarchos H, Lee K, Brown TC. Oral premedication in children: A comparison of chloral hydrate, diazepam, alprazolam, midazolam and placebo for day surgery. Anaesth Intensive Care 1990;18:185-93.
32. Feld LH, Negus JB, White PF. Oral midazolam preanesthetic medication in pediatric outpatients. Anesthesiology 1990;73:831-4.
33. Payne K, Mattheyse FJ, Liebenberg D, Dawes T. The pharmacokinetics of midazolam in paediatric patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1989;37:267-72.
34. McMillan CO, Spahr-Schopfer lA, Sikich N, Hartley E, Lerman J. Premedication of children with oral midazolam. Can J Anaesth 1992;39:545-50.
35. Berggren L, Eriksson I, Mollenholt P, Wickbom O. Sedation for fiber optic gastroscopy: A comparative study of midazolam and diazepam. Br J Anaesth 1983;55:289-96.
36. Rodrigo MR, Cheung LK. Oral midazolam sedation in third molar surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1987;16:333-7.
37. Payne KA, Coetzee AR, Mattheyse FJ. Midazolam and amnesia in pediatric premedication. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg 1991;42:101-5.
38. Elder JS, Longenecker R. Premedication with oral midazolam for voiding cystourethrography in children: Safety and efficacy. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995;164:1229-32.
39. Musial KM, Wilson S, Preisch J, Weaver J. Comparison of the efficacy of oral midazolam alone versus midazolam and meperidine in the pediatric dental patient. Pediatr Dent 2003;25:468-74.