Growing stock estimation for alpine forests in Austria: A robust lidar-based approach

Canadian Journal of Forest Research

Volumn 39, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 1387-1400

  Hollaus, M ^a   Wagner, W ^a   Schadauer, K ^b   Maier, B ^c   Gabler, K ^b  

^a VIENNA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Austria)

^b FEDERAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING CENTRE FOR FORESTS   (Austria)

^c Stand Montafon Forstfonds ^*  (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACQUISITION TIME; ALPINE AREAS; AREA-BASED; AUSTRIA; CANOPY HEIGHTS; CANOPY STRUCTURE; COEFFICIENT OF DETERMINATION; FOREST INVENTORY DATA; GROWING STOCKS; HIGH QUALITY; INVENTORY DATA; ITERATIVE REGRESSION; LASER POINT; LIDAR DATA; LIGHT DETECTION AND RANGING; LINEAR RELATIONSHIPS; MULTIPLICATIVE MODEL; SEMIEMPIRICAL MODELS; STANDARD DEVIATION; TREE SIZE;

OPTICAL RADAR;

ALPINE ENVIRONMENT; CANOPY ARCHITECTURE; EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS; FOREST INVENTORY; FORESTRY MODELING; GROWTH MODELING; LIDAR; LINEARITY; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; TEMPORAL ANALYSIS;

AUSTRIA; CENTRAL EUROPE; EURASIA; EUROPE;

EID: 68949196463     PISSN: 00455067     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/X09-042     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Bitterlich, W. 1948. Die winkelzählprobe. Allg. Forst. Holzwirtsch. Ztg. 59(1/2): 4-5.
2. Bitterlich, W. 1984. The relasope idea. Relative measurements in forestry. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, UK.
3. Breidenbach, J., Gläser, C., and Schmidt, M. 2008. Estimation of diameter distributions by means of airborne laser scanner data. Can. J. For. Res. 38: 1611-1620. doi:10.1139/X07-237.
4. Briese, C., Pfeifer, N., and Dorninger, P. 2002. Applications of the robust interpolation for DTM determination. Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. XXXIV(Part 3A): 55-61.
5. Chasmer, L., Hopkinson, C., Smith, B., and Treitz, P. 2005. Examining the influence of laser pulse repetition frequencies on conifer forest canopy returns. Proceedings of the Silviscan Conference, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA. Available from http://cears.fw.vt.edu/silviscan/presentations/Author24.pdf [accessed 25 June 2008].
6. Clark, M.L., Clark, D.B., and Roberts, D.A. 2004. Small-footprint lidar estimation of sub-canopy elevation and tree height in a tropical rain forest landscape. Remote Sens. Environ. 91: 68-89. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2004.02.008.
7. Dorigo, W., Hollaus, M., Schadauer, K., and Wagner, W. 2008. A new automated approach for co-registration of national forest inventory and airborne laser scanning data. In Proceedings of SilviLaser 2008, 8th International Conference on LiDAR Applications in Forest Assessment and Inventory, 17-19 Sept. 2008, Edinburgh, Scotland. pp. 274-283. Edited by R.A. Hill, J. Suárez, and J. Rosette. UK Forestry Commission, Roslin, Scotland.
8. Flood, M. 2001. Laser altimetry: from science to commercial lidar mapping. Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. 67(11): 1209-1217.
9. Gaveau, D.L.A., and Hill, R.A. 2003. Quantifying canopy height underestimation by laser pulse penetration in small-footprint airborne laser scanning data. Can. J. Rem. Sens. 29(5): 650-657.
10. Gobakken, T., and Næsset, E. 2008. Assessing effects of laser point density, ground sampling intensity, and field sample plot size on biophysical stand properties derived from airborne laser scanner data. Can. J. For. Res. 38: 1095-1109. doi:10.1139/X07-219.
11. Grosenbaugh, L.R. 1958. Point-sampling and line-sampling: probability theory, geometric implications, synthesis. USDA For. Serv. South. For. Exp. Stn. Occas. Pap. 160.
12. Hollaus, M., Wagner, W., Eberhöfer, C., and Karel, W. 2006. Accuracy of large-scale canopy heights derived from LiDAR data under operational constraints in a complex alpine environment. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 60(5): 323-338. doi:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2006.05.002.
13. Hollaus, M., Wagner, W., Maier, B., and Schadauer, K. 2007. Airborne laser scanning of forest stem volume in a mountainous environment. Sensors, 7(8): 1559-1577. Available from http://www.mdpi.org/sensors/papers/s7081559.pdf [accessed 25 June 2008].
14. Holmgren, J., and Jonsson, T. 2004. Large scale airborne laser scanning of forest resources in Sweden. Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci. XXXVI(Part 8/W2): 157-160. Available from http://www.isprs.org/commission8/workshop_laser_forest/HOLMGREN.pdf [accessed 25 June 2008].
15. Hopkinson, C. 2007. The influence of flying altitude and beam divergence on canopy penetration and laser pulse return distribution characteristics. Can. J. Remote Sens. 33(4): 312-324.
16. Hyyppä, J., and Inkinen, M. 1999. Detecting and estimating attributes for single trees using laser scanner. Photogramm. J. Finl. 16(2): 27-42.
17. Hyyppä, J., Hyyppä, H., Leckie, D., GouGeon, F., Yu, X., and Maltamo, M. 2008. Review of methods of small-footprint airborne laser scanning for extracting forest inventory data in boreal forests. Int. J. Remote Sens. 29(5): 1339-1366. doi:10.1080/01431160701736489.
18. Kager, H. 2004. Discrepancies between overlapping laser scanner strips - simultaneous fitting of aerial laser scanner strips. Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci. XXXV(Part B/1): 555-560. Available from http://www.ipf.tuwien.ac.at/publications/ISPRS_2004_Istanbul/Aerial_Lase r_hk.pdf [accessed 25 June 2008].
19. Keylwerth, R. 1954. Ein beitrag zur qualitativen zuwachsanalyse. Holz Roh Werkst. 12: 41-44.
20. Koetz, B., Morsdorf, F., Sun, G., Ranson, K.J., Itten, K., and Allgower, B. 2006. Inversion of a lidar waveform model for forest biophysical parameter estimation. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 3(1): 49-53. doi:10.1109/LGRS.2005.856706.
21. Kraus, K., and Pfeifer, N. 1998. Determination of terrain models in wooded areas with airborne laser scanner data. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 53(4): 193-203. doi:10.1016/S0924-2716(98)00009-4.
22. Lefsky, M.A., Harding, D., Cohen, W.B., Parker, G., and Shugart, H.H. 1999. Surface lidar remote sensing of basal area and biomass in deciduous forests of eastern Maryland, USA. Remote Sens. Environ. 67(1): 83-98. doi:10.1016/S0034-4257(98)00071-6.
23. Lefsky, M.A., Hudak, A.T., Cohen, W.B., and Acker, S.A. 2005. Geographic variability in lidar predictions of forest stand structure in the Pacific Northwest. Remote Sens. Environ. 95: 532548. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2005.01.010.
24. Lim, K.S., and Treitz, P.M. 2004. Estimation of above ground forest biomass from airborne discrete return laser scanner data using canopy-based quantile estimators. Scand. J. For. Res. 19: 558-570. doi:10.1080/02827580410019490.
25. Lim, K., Hopkinson, C., and Treitz, P. 2008. Examining the effects of sampling point densities on laser canopy height and density metrics. For. Chron. 84(6): 876-885.
26. Maclean, G.A., and Krabill, W.B. 1986. Gross-merchantable timber volume estimation using an airborne LIDAR system. Can. J. Rem. Sens. 12(1): 7-18.
27. Magnussen, S., and Boudewyn, P. 1998. Derivations of stand heights from airborne laser scanner data with canopy-based quantile estimators. Can. J. For. Res. 28: 1016-1031. doi:10.1139/cjfr-28-7-1016.
28. Maier, B., Tiede, D., and Dorren, L.K.A. 2006. Assessing mountain forest strucutre using airborne laser scanning and landscape metrics. In Proceedings, Object-based Image Analysis (OBIA06), 4-5 July 2006, Salzburg, Austria. Z_GIS Centre for Geoinformatics, Salzburg University, Austria. p. 6. Available from http://www.commission4.isprs.org/obia06/Papers/08_Automated%20classifica tion%20Lidar/OBIA2006_Maier_Tiede_Dorren.pdf [accessed 25 June 2008].
29. Maltamo, M., Mustonen, K., Hyyppä, J., Pitkänen, J., and Yu, X. 2004. The accuracy of estimating individual tree variables with airborne laser scanning in a boreal nature reserve. Can. J. For. Res. 34: 1791-1801. doi:10.1139/x04-055.
30. Maltamo, M., Korhonen, K.T., Packalén, P., Mehtätalo, L., and Suvanto, A. 2007. Testing the usability of truncated angle count sample plots as ground truth in airborne laser scanning-based forest inventories. Forestry, 80(1): 73-81. doi:10.1093/forestry/cpl045.
31. Næsset, E. 1997a. Determination of mean tree height of forest stands using airborne laser scanner data. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 52(2): 49-56. doi:10.1016/S0924-2716(97)830006.
32. Næsset, E. 1997b. Estimating timber volume of forest stands using airborne laser scanner data. Remote Sens. Environ. 61(2): 246253. doi:10.1016/S0034-4257(97)00041-2.
33. Næsset, E. 2002. Predicting forest stand characteristics with airborne scanning laser using a practical two-stage procedure and field data. Remote Sens. Environ. 80(1): 88-99. doi:10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00290-5.
34. Næsset, E. 2004. Practical large-scale forest stand inventory using a small-footprint airborne scanning laser. Scand. J. For. Res. 19(2): 164-179. doi:10.1080/02827580310019257.
35. Næsset, E. 2005. Assessing sensor effects and effects of leaf-off and leaf-on canopy conditions on biophysical stand properties derived from small-footprint airborne laser data. Remote Sens. Environ. 98(2-3): 356-370. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2005.07.012.
36. Naesset, E. 2007. Airborne laser scanning as a method in operational forest inventory: status of accuracy assessments accomplished in Scandinavia. Scand. J. For. Res. 22(5): 433-442. doi:10.1080/02827580701672147.
37. Næsset, E., and Gobakken, T. 2008. Estimation of above- and below-ground biomass across regions of the boreal forest zone using airborne laser. Remote Sens. Environ. 112: 3079-3090. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2008.03.004.
38. Næsset, E., Gobakken, T., Holmgren, J., Hyyppä, H., Hyyppä, J., Maltamo, M., Nilsson, M., Olsson, H., Persson, Å., and Söderman, U. 2004. Laser scanning of forest resources: the Nordic experience. Scand. J. For. Res. 19(6): 482-499. doi:10.1080/02827580410019553.
39. Næsset, E., Bollandsås, O.M., and Gobakken, T. 2005. Comparing regression methods in estimation of biophysical properties of forest stands from two different inventories using laser scanner data. Remote Sens. Environ. 94(4): 541-553. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2004.11.010.
40. Nilsson, M. 1996. Estimation of tree heights and stand volume using an airborne Lidar system. Remote Sens. Environ. 56(1): 1-7. doi:10.1016/0034-4257(95)00224-3.
41. Packalen, P., and Maltamo, M. 2006. Predicting the plot volume by tree species using airborne laser scanning and aerial photographs. For. Sci. 52(6): 611-622.
42. Pfeifer, N., Stadler, P., and Briese, C. 2001. Derivation of digital terrain models in the SCOP++ environment. In OEEPE Workshop on Airborne Laserscanning and Interferometric SAR for Detailed Digital Elevation Models, 1-3 March 2001, Stockholm, Sweden. Edited by K. Torlegård and J. Nelson. Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie, Frankfurt and Main, Germany. Available from http://www.ipf.tuwien.ac.at/cb/publications/np_stockholm.pdf [accessed 25 June 2008].
43. Pollanschütz, J. 1974. Formzahlfunktionen der hauptbaumarten Österreichs. Allg. Forstztg. 85(12): 341-343. [In German.]
44. Popescu, S.C., Wynne, R.H., and Nelson, R.F. 2003. Measuring individual tree crown diameter with lidar and assessing its influence on estimating forest volume and biomass. Can. J. Remote Sens. 29(5): 564-577.
45. Russ, W. 2004. Mehr wald-ein positiver trend? Bundes-forschungs- und Ausbbildungszentrum für Wald, Naturgefahren und Landschaft, Wien. Praxisinf. 3-2004. pp. 4-7. [In German.]
46. Shiver, B.D., and Borders, B.E. 1996. Sampling techniques for forest resource inventory. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
47. Sithole, G., and Vosselman, G. 2004. Experimental comparison of filter algorithms for bare-earth extraction from airborne laser scanning point clouds. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 59(1-2): 85-101. doi:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2004.05.004.
48. Smith, S.L., Holland, D.A., and Longley, P.A. 2004. The importance of understanding error in LIDAR digital elevation models. Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci. XXXV(Part B4): 996-1001. Available from http://www.isprs.org/istanbul2004/comm4/papers/488.pdf [accessed 25 June 2008].
49. St-Onge, B.A., and Renaud, A. 2001. Estimating merchantable timber volume of aspen and spruce stands of the boreal forest using airborne scanning laser altimetry. In Proceedings of the 23rd Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing, 21-24 August, Québec, Que. Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute, Ottawa, Ont. pp. 259-264.
50. Sterba, H. 1991. Holzmesslehre [Forest mensuration]. Berichte aus der Abteilung Holzmesskunde und Inventurfragen, Institut für forstliche Ertragslehre, Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien. Vorlesungsunterlagen Heft 3, 169. [In German.]
51. Sun, G., and Ranson, K.J. 2000. Modeling lidar returns from forest canopies. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 38(6): 2617-2626. doi:10.1109/36.885208.
52. Thomas, V., Treitz, P., McCaughey, J.H., and Morrison, I. 2006. Mapping stand-level forest biophysical variables for a mixedwood boreal forest using lidar: an examination of scanning density. Can. J. For. Res. 36: 34-47. doi:10.1139/x05-230.
53. Wehr, A., and Lohr, U. 1999. Airborne laser scanning-an introduction and overview. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 54: 68-82. doi:10.1016/S0924-2716(99)00011-8.
54. Weisberg, S. 2005. Applied linear regression. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
55. Yu, X., Hyyppä, J., Hyyppä, H., and Maltamo, M. 2004. Effects of flight altitude on tree height estimation using airborne laser scanning. Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci. XXXVI(Part 8/W2): 96-101.