Pore water characteristics following a release of neat ethanol onto pre-existing NAPL

Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation

Volumn 29, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 93-104

  Stafford, Brent P ^a   Cápiro, Natalie L ^b   Alvarez, Pedro J J ^c   Rixey, William G ^d  

^a SHELL GLOBAL SOLUTIONS INTERNATIONAL B V   (United States)

^b Georgia Institute of Technology   (United States)

^c Rice University   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AQUEOUS CONCENTRATIONS; AQUIFER SYSTEMS; CAPILLARY ZONE; CONTINUOUS-FLOW; COSOLVENT EFFECTS; ETHANOL CONCENTRATIONS; HIGHER HYDROCARBONS; HYDROCARBON BIODEGRADATION; HYDROCARBON DISSOLUTION; HYDROLOGIC CONDITIONS; MASS TRANSFER LIMITATION; MONOAROMATIC HYDROCARBON; NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUIDS; PILOT-SCALE EXPERIMENTS; PORE WATERS; RELEASE EXPERIMENTS; RESIDUAL NAPL; SATURATED ZONE; SEEPAGE VELOCITY; SOURCE ZONE; WATER TABLES;

AQUIFERS; BIODEGRADATION; CONCENTRATION (PROCESS); DISSOLUTION; EXPERIMENTS; GROUNDWATER RESOURCES; HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SPILLS; MASS TRANSFER; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; OXYGEN; PARAFFINS; SEEPAGE; SUGAR (SUCROSE); TANKS (CONTAINERS); WATER; WATER WELLS;

ETHANOL;

AQUIFER; AROMATIC HYDROCARBON; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); ETHANOL; MASS TRANSFER; NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID; POREWATER; VISUALIZATION; WATER TABLE;

EID: 68949155553     PISSN: 10693629     EISSN: 17456592     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2009.01243.x     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Abit, S.M., A. Amoozegar, M.J. Vepraskas, and C.P. Niewoehner. 2008. Solute transport in the capillary fringe and shallow groundwater: Field evaluation. Vadose Zone Journal 7 : 890 898.
2. Bear, J. 1972. Dynamics of Fluids in Porous Media, 764. New York : Elsevier Publishing Company.
3. Cápiro, N.L., M.L.B. Da Silva, B.P. Stafford, W.G. Rixey, and P.J.J. Alvarez. 2008. Microbial response to a release of neat ethanol onto residual hydrocarbons in a pilot-scale aquifer tank. Environmental Microbiology 10, no. 9 : 2236 2244.
4. Cápiro, N.L., B.P. Stafford, W.G. Rixey, P.B. Bedient, and P.J.J. Alvarez. 2007. Fuel-grade ethanol transport and impacts to groundwater in a pilot-scale aquifer tank. Water Research 41 : 656 664.
5. Corseuil, H.X., B.I.A. Kaipper, and M. Fernandes. 2004. Cosolvency effect in subsurface systems contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and ethanol. Water Research 38 : 1449 1456.
6. Cussler, E.L. 2003. Diffusion: Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems. Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press.
7. da Silva, M.L., and P.J.J. Alvarez. 2002. Effects of ethanol versus MTBE on benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene natural attenuation in aquifer columns. ASCE Journal of Environmental Engineering 128 : 862 867.
8. Deeb, R.A., J.O. Sharp, A. Stocking, S. McDonald, K.A. West, M. Laugier, P.J.J. Alvarez, M.C. Kavanaugh, and L. Alvarez-Cohen. 2002. Impact of ethanol on benzene plume lengths: Microbial and modeling studies. ASCE Journal of Environmental Engineering 128 : 868 875.
9. Falta, R. 1998. Using phase diagrams to predict the performance of cosolvent floods for NAPL remediation. Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation 18 : 94 102.
10. French, R., and P. Malone. 2005. Phase equilibria of ethanol fuel blends. Fluid Phase Equilibria 228 : 27 40.
11. Gomez, D.E., P.C. de Blanc, W.G. Rixey, P.B. Bedient, and P.J.J. Alvarez. 2008. Modeling benzene plume elongation mechanisms exerted by ethanol using RT3D with a general substrate interaction module. Water Resources Research 44 : W05405. doi:10.1029/2007WR006184.
12. Grathwohl, P. 1998. Diffusion in Natural Porous Media: Contaminant Transport, Sorption/Desorption and Dissolution Kinetics, 207. Boston, Massachusetts : Kluwer Publishing.
13. Grubb, D.G., and N. Sitar. 1999. Horizontal ethanol floods in clean, uniform, and layered sand packs under confined conditions. Water Resources Research 35, no. 11 : 3291 3302.
14. Henry, E.J., and J.E. Smith. 2002. The effect of surface-active solutes on water flow and contaminant transport in variably saturated porous media with capillary zone effects. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 56 : 247 270.
15. Heermann, S.E., and S.E. Powers. 1998. Modeling the partitioning of BTEX in water-reformulated gasoline systems containing ethanol. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 34 : 315 341.
16. Jawitz, J.W., M.D. Annable, and P.S.C. Rao. 1998. Miscible fluid displacement stability in unconfined porous media: Two-dimensional flow experiments and simulations. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 31 : 211 230.
17. Lee, K.Y. 2008. Viscosity of high-alcohol content fuel blends with water: Subsurface contaminant transport implications. Journal of Hazardous Materials. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.02.088
18. Lide, D.R, ed. 2005. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 86th ed. Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press Inc.
19. MacKay, D.M., N.R. De Sieyes, M.D. Einarson, K.P. Feris, A.A. Pappas, I.A. Wood, L. Jacobson, L.G. Justice, M.N. Noske, K.M. Scow, and J.T. Wilson. 2006. Impact of ethanol on the natural attenuation of benzene, toluene, and o-xylene in a normally sulfate-reducing aquifer. Environmental Science and Technology 40 : 6123 6130.
20. McDowell, C.J., and S.E. Powers. 2003. Mechanisms affecting the infiltration and distribution of ethanol-blended gasoline in the vadose zone. Environmental Science and Technology 37 : 1803 1810.
21. McDowell, C.J., T. Busheck, and S.E. Powers. 2003. Behavior of gasoline pools following a denatured ethanol spill. Ground Water 41 : 746 757.
22. Molson, J.W., M. Mocanu, and J.F. Barker. 2008. Numerical analysis of buoyancy effects during dissolution and transport of oxygenated gasoline in groundwater. Water Resources Research 44 : W07418. doi:10.1029/2007WR006337.
23. Molson, J.W., J.F. Barker, E.O. Frind, and M. Schirmer. 2002. Modeling the impact of ethanol on the persistence of benzene in gasoline-contaminated groundwater. Water Resources Research 38 : 4-1 4-12.
24. Powers, S.E., C.S. Hunt, S.E. Heermann, H.X. Corseuil, D. Rice, and P.J.J. Alvarez. 2001a. The transport and fate of ethanol and BTEX in groundwater contaminated by gasohol. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 31 : 79 123.
25. Powers, S.E., D. Rice, B. Dooher, and P.J.J. Alvarez. 2001b. Will ethanol-blended gasoline affect groundwater quality? Environmental Science and Technology 35 : 24A 30A. (Pubitemid 32097810)
26. Rao, P.S.C., M.D. Annable, R.K. Sillan, D. Dai, K. Hatfield, W.D. Graham, A.L. Wood, and C.G. Enfield. 1997. Field-scale evaluation of in situ cosolvent flushing for enhanced aquifer remediation. Water Resources Research 33 : 2673 2686.
27. Rixey, W.G., X. He, and B.P. Stafford. 2005. The impact of gasohol and fuel-grade ethanol on BTX and other hydrocarbons in ground water: effect on concentrations near a source. American Petroleum Institute Technical Publication No. 23.
28. Rixey, W.G., and X. He. 2001. Dissolution characteristics of ethanol from NAPL sources and the impact on BTX groundwater concentrations. In Conference on Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Groundwater, 41 52. Dublin, Ohio : Ground Water Publishing Company.
29. Silliman, S.E., B. Berkowitz, J. Simunek, and M. Th. van Genuchten. 2002. Fluid flow and solute migration within the capillary zone. Ground Water 40 : 76 84.
30. Stafford, B.P. 2007. Impacts to ground water from releases of fuel grade ethanol: source behavior. PhD Dissertation. University of Houston.