메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 58, Issue RR-9, 2009, Pages

Recommendations for blood lead screening of medicaid-eligible children aged 1-5 years: An Updated approach to targeting a group at high risk

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 68849127885     PISSN: 01492195     EISSN: 1545861X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (45)

References (64)
  • 1
    • 59649092811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in blood lead levels and blood lead testing among U.S. children aged 1 to 5 years, 1988-2004
    • Jones R, Homa D, Meyer P, et al. Trends in blood lead levels and blood lead testing among U.S. children aged 1 to 5 years, 1988-2004. Pediatrics 2009; 123: e376-85.
    • (2009) Pediatrics , vol.123
    • Jones, R.1    Homa, D.2    Meyer, P.3
  • 2
    • 84869706502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Department of Health and Human Services, (conference ed, in 2 vols)., Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services
    • US Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy people 2010 (conference ed, in 2 vols). Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2000. Available at http://www.healthypeople.gov.
    • (2000) Healthy People 2010
  • 3
    • 84869694495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CDC., Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC. Available at
    • CDC. Healthy homes initiative. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC. Available at www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces/healthyhomes.htm.
    • Healthy Homes Initiative
  • 4
    • 84858912580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • President's Task Force on Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks to Children
    • Washington, DC: US Department of Housing and Urban Development and US Environmental Protection Agency, Available at
    • President's Task Force on Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks to Children. Eliminating childhood lead poisoning: a federal strategy targeting lead paint hazards. Washington, DC: US Department of Housing and Urban Development and US Environmental Protection Agency; 2000. Available at http://www.hud.gov/offices/lead/reports/fedstrategy.cfm.
    • (2000) Eliminating Childhood Lead Poisoning: a Federal Strategy Targeting Lead Paint Hazards
  • 5
    • 0003749399 scopus 로고
    • National Research Council, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology Washington, DC: National Academy Press
    • National Research Council, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology. Measuring lead exposure in infants, children, and other sensitive populations. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1993.
    • (1993) Measuring Lead Exposure in Infants, Children, and Other Sensitive Populations
  • 6
    • 0037451905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intellectual impairment in children with blood lead concentrations below 10 μg per deciliter
    • Canfield RL, Henderson CR, Cory-Slechta DA, et al. Intellectual impairment in children with blood lead concentrations below 10 μg per deciliter. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1517-26.
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 1517-1526
    • Canfield, R.L.1    Henderson, C.R.2    Cory-Slechta, D.A.3
  • 7
    • 55949097189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. children's lead exposures, 2008: Implications for prevention
    • Levin R, Brown MJ, Kashtock ME, et al. U.S. children's lead exposures, 2008: implications for prevention. Environ Health Perspect 2008;116:1285-93.
    • (2008) Environ Health Perspect , vol.116 , pp. 1285-1293
    • Levin, R.1    Brown, M.J.2    Kashtock, M.E.3
  • 8
    • 0003505586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CDC, Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2005. Available at
    • CDC. Preventing lead poisoning in young children. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2005. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/prevleadpoisoning.pdf.
    • Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children
  • 9
    • 84942478280 scopus 로고
    • The decline in blood lead levels in the United States: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES)
    • Pirkle JL, Brody DJ, Gunter EW, et al. The decline in blood lead levels in the United States: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). JAMA 1994;272:284-91.
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.272 , pp. 284-291
    • Pirkle, J.L.1    Brody, D.J.2    Gunter, E.W.3
  • 10
    • 0141941549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance for elevated blood lead levels among children---United States, 1997-2001
    • CDC, (No. SS-10)
    • CDC. Surveillance for elevated blood lead levels among children---United States, 1997-2001. MMWR 2003;52(No. SS-10).
    • (2003) MMWR , vol.52
  • 11
    • 84869706644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CDC, Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC. Available at
    • CDC. CDC surveillance data, 1997-2004. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/surv/stats.htm.
    • CDC Surveillance Data, 1997-2004
  • 12
    • 84869711544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Number of Children Tested and Confirmed EBLLs by State, Year, and BLL Group, Children<72 Months Old
    • CDC, Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC. Available at
    • CDC. Number of children tested and confirmed EBLLs by state, year, and BLL group, children<72 months old. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/surv/database/state_confirmed_byyear_2004_for%20website.xls.
  • 13
    • 0003422051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US General Accounting Office, GAO publication no. GAO/HEHS-98-78 Washington, DC: US General Accounting Office
    • US General Accounting Office. Medicaid: elevated blood lead levels in children. GAO publication no. GAO/HEHS-98-78. Washington, DC: US General Accounting Office; 1998.
    • (1998) Medicaid: Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children
  • 14
    • 0028363763 scopus 로고
    • Blood lead levels in the U.S. population: Phase I of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988 to 1991)
    • Brody DJ, Pirkle JL, Kramer RA, et al. Blood lead levels in the U.S. population: phase I of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988 to 1991). JAMA 1994;272:277-83
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.272 , pp. 277-283
    • Brody, D.J.1    Pirkle, J.L.2    Kramer, R.A.3
  • 15
    • 0141438034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US General Accounting Office, GAO publication no. GAO/HEHS-98-169R Washington, DC: US General Accounting Office
    • US General Accounting Office. Children's health: elevated blood lead levels in Medicaid and Hispanic children. GAO publication no. GAO/HEHS-98-169R. Washington, DC: US General Accounting Office; 1998.
    • (1998) Children's Health: Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Medicaid and Hispanic Children
  • 16
    • 0034544388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated blood lead levels and blood lead screening among U.S. children aged one to five years: 1988-1994
    • Kaufmann RB, Clouse TL, Olson DR, Matte TD. Elevated blood lead levels and blood lead screening among U.S. children aged one to five years: 1988-1994. Pediatrics 2000;106:E79.
    • (2000) Pediatrics , vol.106
    • Kaufmann, R.B.1    Clouse, T.L.2    Olson, D.R.3    Matte, T.D.4
  • 17
    • 0034624297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for blood lead screening of young children enrolled in Medicaid: Targeting a group at high risk-United States
    • CDC, (No. RR-14)
    • CDC. Recommendations for blood lead screening of young children enrolled in Medicaid: targeting a group at high risk-United States. MMWR 2000;49(No. RR-14).
    • (2000) MMWR , vol.49
  • 18
    • 68849089157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minnesota's Medicaid programs are called Medical Assistance (MA) and MinnesotaCare (MNCare): Lead poisoning in Minnesota Medicaid children
    • Zabel E, Castellano S. Minnesota's Medicaid programs are called Medical Assistance (MA) and MinnesotaCare (MNCare): lead poisoning in Minnesota Medicaid children. Minn Med May 2006:89.
    • (2006) Minn Med May , vol.89
    • Zabel, E.1    Castellano, S.2
  • 19
    • 4344567010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in blood lead levels among children enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children from 1996 to 2000
    • Zierold KM, Anderson H. Trends in blood lead levels among children enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children from 1996 to 2000. Am J Public Health 2004;94:1513-5.
    • (2004) Am J Public Health , vol.94 , pp. 1513-1515
    • Zierold, K.M.1    Anderson, H.2
  • 22
    • 0029971110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lifetime exposure to environmental lead and children's intelligence at 11-13 years: The Port Pirie cohort study
    • Tong SL, Baghurst PA, McMichael AL, Sawyer MG, Mudge J. Lifetime exposure to environmental lead and children's intelligence at 11-13 years: the Port Pirie cohort study. Br Med J 1996;312:1569-75.
    • (1996) Br Med J , vol.312 , pp. 1569-1575
    • Tong, S.L.1    Baghurst, P.A.2    McMichael, A.L.3    Sawyer, M.G.4    Mudge, J.5
  • 24
    • 68849097509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early and periodic screening, diagnosis, and treatment (EPSDT)
    • Health Care Financing Administration. Part 5, Publication no. 45-5. Sect 5123.2. Transmittal no Baltimore, MD: Health Care Financing Administration
    • Health Care Financing Administration. Part 5. Early and periodic screening, diagnosis, and treatment (EPSDT). In: State Medicaid manual. Publication no. 45-5. Sect 5123.2. Transmittal no. 12. Baltimore, MD: Health Care Financing Administration; 1998.
    • (1998) State Medicaid Manual , pp. 12
  • 27
    • 13744258787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated blood lead levels in refugee children-New Hampshire, 2003-2004
    • CDC
    • CDC. Elevated blood lead levels in refugee children---New Hampshire, 2003-2004. MMWR 2005;54:42-6.
    • (2005) MMWR , vol.54 , pp. 42-46
  • 28
    • 0034961870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lead poisoning among refugee children resettled in Massachusetts, 1995-1999
    • Geltman P, Brown MJ, Cochran J. Lead poisoning among refugee children resettled in Massachusetts, 1995--1999. Pediatrics 2001;108:158-62.
    • (2001) Pediatrics , vol.108 , pp. 158-162
    • Geltman, P.1    Brown, M.J.2    Cochran, J.3
  • 30
    • 0028928096 scopus 로고
    • Childhood lead poisoning in Massachusetts communities: Its association with sociodemographic and housing characteristics
    • Sargent JD, Brown MJ, Freeman JL, et al. Childhood lead poisoning in Massachusetts communities: its association with sociodemographic and housing characteristics. Am J Public Health 1995;85:528-34.
    • (1995) Am J Public Health , vol.85 , pp. 528-534
    • Sargent, J.D.1    Brown, M.J.2    Freeman, J.L.3
  • 31
    • 0022408645 scopus 로고
    • Condition and type of housing as an indicator of potential environmental lead exposure and pediatric blood lead levels
    • Clark CS, Bornschein RL, Succop P, et al. Condition and type of housing as an indicator of potential environmental lead exposure and pediatric blood lead levels. Environ Res 1985;38:46-53.
    • (1985) Environ Res , vol.38 , pp. 46-53
    • Clark, C.S.1    Bornschein, R.L.2    Succop, P.3
  • 33
    • 33644701023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Academy of Pediatrics. Policy statement: Lead exposure in children: Prevention, detection, and management
    • Committee on Environmental Health
    • Committee on Environmental Health, American Academy of Pediatrics. Policy statement: lead exposure in children: prevention, detection, and management. Pediatrics 2005;116:1036-46.
    • (2005) Pediatrics , vol.116 , pp. 1036-1046
  • 34
    • 33746621341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lead poisoning in Minnesota Medicaid children
    • Zabel E, Castellano S. Lead poisoning in Minnesota Medicaid children. Minn Med 2006:89.
    • (2006) Minn Med , vol.89
    • Zabel, E.1    Castellano, S.2
  • 35
    • 2642514924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Survey of compliance: Medicaid's mandated blood lead screenings for children age 12-18 months in Nebraska
    • Wilken M, Currier S, Abel-Zieg C, Brady LA. A survey of compliance: Medicaid's mandated blood lead screenings for children age 12-18 months in Nebraska. BMC Public Health 2004;4:4.
    • (2004) BMC Public Health , vol.4 , pp. 4
    • Wilken, M.1    Currier, S.2    Abel-Zieg, C.3    Brady, L.A.4
  • 36
    • 0035433981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A statewide assessment of lead screening histories of preschool children enrolled in a Medicaid managed care program
    • Vivier PM, Hogan JW, Simon P, et al. A statewide assessment of lead screening histories of preschool children enrolled in a Medicaid managed care program. Pediatrics 2001;108:E29.
    • (2001) Pediatrics , vol.108
    • Vivier, P.M.1    Hogan, J.W.2    Simon, P.3
  • 37
    • 0034624297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for blood lead screening of young children enrolled in Medicaid: Targeting a group at high risk-United States
    • CDC, (No. RR-14)
    • CDC. Recommendations for blood lead screening of young children enrolled in Medicaid: targeting a group at high risk---United States. MMWR 2000;49(No. RR-14).
    • (2000) MMWR , vol.49
  • 38
    • 2442681670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An innovative blood lead screening program for Indian children
    • Howell E, Russette L. An innovative blood lead screening program for Indian children. Public Health Rep 2004:119.
    • (2004) Public Health Rep , vol.119
    • Howell, E.1    Russette, L.2
  • 41
    • 84869726042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alliance to End Childhood Lead Poisoning
    • Washington, DC: Alliance to End Childhood Lead Poisoning; 2005. Available at
    • Alliance to End Childhood Lead Poisoning. Building blocks for primary prevention: protecting children from lead-based paint hazards. Washington, DC: Alliance to End Childhood Lead Poisoning; 2005. Available at http://www.afhh.org/buildingblocks/bb%20intro%20level%20one.asp.
    • Building blocks for primary prevention: protecting children from lead-based paint hazards
  • 42
    • 2642686626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The failure of CDC screening questionnaire to efficiently detect elevated lead levels in a rural population of children
    • Kazal LA Jr. The failure of CDC screening questionnaire to efficiently detect elevated lead levels in a rural population of children. J Fam Practice 1997;45:515-8.
    • (1997) J Fam Practice , vol.45 , pp. 515-518
    • Kazal Jr., L.A.1
  • 43
    • 0032978746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of risk assessment questions used to target blood lead screening in Illinois
    • Binns HJ, LeBailly SA, Fingar AR, Saunders S. Evaluation of risk assessment questions used to target blood lead screening in Illinois. Pediatrics 1999;103:100-6.
    • (1999) Pediatrics , vol.103 , pp. 100-106
    • Binns, H.J.1    LeBailly, S.A.2    Fingar, A.R.3    Saunders, S.4
  • 44
    • 0029151044 scopus 로고
    • Development of a population-specific risk assessment to predict elevated blood lead levels in Santa Clara County, California
    • Snyder DC, Mohle-Boetani JC, Palla B, Fenstersheib M. Development of a population-specific risk assessment to predict elevated blood lead levels in Santa Clara County, California. Pediatrics 1995;96:643-8.
    • (1995) Pediatrics , vol.96 , pp. 643-648
    • Snyder, D.C.1    Mohle-Boetani, J.C.2    Palla, B.3    Fenstersheib, M.4
  • 45
    • 26444510837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physician barriers to lead testing of Medicaid-enrolled children
    • Kemper AR, Clark SJ. Physician barriers to lead testing of Medicaid-enrolled children. Ambulat Pediatr 2005;5:290-3.
    • (2005) Ambulat Pediatr , vol.5 , pp. 290-293
    • Kemper, A.R.1    Clark, S.J.2
  • 47
    • 84869707279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lead poisoning in Wisconsin: Where children live makes a difference
    • Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Lead-safe Wisconsin, Available at
    • Wisconsin Department of Health Services. Lead-safe Wisconsin. Lead poisoning in Wisconsin: where children live makes a difference. Maps. Available at http://dhs.wisconsin.gov/lead/maps/index.htm.
    • Maps
  • 49
    • 0031970277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pediatric guidelines and managed care: Who is using what and what difference does it make?
    • Simpson L, Kamerow D, Fraser I. Pediatric guidelines and managed care: who is using what and what difference does it make? Pediatr Ann 1998;27:234-40.
    • (1998) Pediatr Ann , vol.27 , pp. 234-240
    • Simpson, L.1    Kamerow, D.2    Fraser, I.3
  • 50
    • 0031970594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing pediatric practice in a changing medical environment: Factors that influence what physicians do
    • Rothenberg R, Koplan JP, Cutler C, Hillman AL. Changing pediatric practice in a changing medical environment: factors that influence what physicians do. Pediatr Ann 1998:27:241-50.
    • (1998) Pediatr Ann , vol.27 , pp. 241-250
    • Rothenberg, R.1    Koplan, J.P.2    Cutler, C.3    Hillman, A.L.4
  • 52
    • 84869698431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rhode Island's plan to eliminate childhood lead poisoning by 2010
    • Rhode Island Department of Health, RI: Rhode Island Department of Health, Available at
    • Rhode Island Department of Health. Rhode Island's plan to eliminate childhood lead poisoning by 2010. Providence, RI: Rhode Island Department of Health; 2004. Available at http://www.health.state.ri.us/lead/pdf/eliminationplan.pdf.
    • (2004) Providence
  • 53
    • 68849120209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Committee for Quality Assurance. HEDIS, Washington, DC: National Committee for Quality Assurance
    • National Committee for Quality Assurance. HEDIS 2008: Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set. Vol. 2, technical specifications. Washington, DC: National Committee for Quality Assurance; 2007.
    • (2008) Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set. Vol. 2, Technical Specifications , pp. 2007
  • 54
    • 84869713376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minnesota Department of Health, Environmental Health Division, St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Department of Health, Available at
    • Minnesota Department of Health, Environmental Health Division. Minnesota's lead poisoning prevention programs: biannual report to the legislature. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Department of Health; 2003. Available at http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/lead/reports/#leg.
    • (2003) Minnesota's Lead Poisoning Prevention Programs: Biannual Report to the Legislature
  • 55
    • 84869703977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alliance for Healthy Homes (formerly Alliance to End Childhood Lead Poisoning)., Washington, DC: Alliance For Healthy Homes; 2001. Available at
    • Alliance for Healthy Homes (formerly Alliance to End Childhood Lead Poisoning). Track, monitor, and respond: three keys to better lead screening for children in Medicaid. Washington, DC: Alliance For Healthy Homes; 2001. Available at http://www.afhh.org/res/res_pubs/lead%20job%202.pdf.
    • Track, Monitor, and Respond: Three Keys to Better Lead Screening for Children in Medicaid
  • 56
    • 60249092902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for lead poisoning in South Carolina
    • Roberts JR, Riegart JR. Screening for lead poisoning in South Carolina. J S C Med Assoc 2001;97:459--64.
    • (2001) J S C Med Assoc , vol.97 , pp. 459-464
    • Roberts, J.R.1    Riegart, J.R.2
  • 57
    • 60249102578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for lead poisoning: A geo-spatial approach to determine testing of children in at-risk neighborhoods
    • Vaidyanathan A, Staley F, Shire J, et al. Screening for lead poisoning: a geo-spatial approach to determine testing of children in at-risk neighborhoods. J Pediatrics 2009;154:409-14.
    • (2009) J Pediatrics , vol.154 , pp. 409-414
    • Vaidyanathan, A.1    Staley, F.2    Shire, J.3
  • 58
    • 68849127109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why local women's infants and children's (WIC) nutrition programs should be funded to conduct childhood lead screening
    • National Association of Medicaid Directors
    • National Association of Medicaid Directors. Why local women's infants and children's (WIC) nutrition programs should be funded to conduct childhood lead screening. Medicaid Manage Inst Bull 2006;12:5.
    • (2006) Medicaid Manage Inst Bull , vol.12 , pp. 5
  • 59
    • 2442681670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An innovative blood lead screening program for Indian children
    • Howell E, Russette L. An innovative blood lead screening program for Indian children. Public Health Rep 2004;119:141-3.
    • (2004) Public Health Rep , vol.119 , pp. 141-143
    • Howell, E.1    Russette, L.2
  • 60
    • 26444565864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental perceptions of barriers to blood lead testing
    • Polivka BJ, Gottesman MM. Parental perceptions of barriers to blood lead testing. J Pediatr Health Care 2005;19:276-84.
    • (2005) J Pediatr Health Care , vol.19 , pp. 276-284
    • Polivka, B.J.1    Gottesman, M.M.2
  • 61
    • 84869726349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alliance for Healthy Homes (formerly Alliance to End Childhood Lead Poisoning)., Washington, DC: Alliance For Healthy Homes; 2001. Available at
    • Alliance for Healthy Homes (formerly Alliance to End Childhood Lead Poisoning). The foundations of better lead screening for children in Medicaid: data systems and collaboration. Washington, DC: Alliance For Healthy Homes; 2001. Available at http://www.afhh.org/res/res_pubs/foundations.htm.
    • The Foundations of Better Lead Screening for Children in Medicaid: Data Systems and Collaboration
  • 63
    • 7244255922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-intensity targeted screening for elevated blood lead levels among children in 2 inner-city Chicago communities
    • Dignam TA, Evens A, Eduardo E, et al. High-intensity targeted screening for elevated blood lead levels among children in 2 inner-city Chicago communities. Am J Public Health 2004;94:1945-51.
    • (2004) Am J Public Health , vol.94 , pp. 1945-1951
    • Dignam, T.A.1    Evens, A.2    Eduardo, E.3
  • 64
    • 0033578540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Framework for program evaluation in public health
    • CDC, (No. RR-11)
    • CDC. Framework for program evaluation in public health. MMWR 1999;48(No. RR-11).
    • (1999) MMWR , vol.48


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.