Materiality in the future of history: Things, practices, and politics

Journal of British Studies

Volumn 48, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 283-307

  Trentmann, Frank ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 68849114301     PISSN: 00219371     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/596123     Document Type: Review

References (185)

1. Annie Proulx, Accordion Crimes (London, 1997);
2. Donna Haraway, "A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century," in Simians, Cyborgs and Women: The Reinvention of Nature (New York, 1991), 149-181
3. Christopher Tilley, Webb Keane, Susanne Küchler, Michael Rowlands, and Patricia Spyer, eds., Handbook of Material Culture (London, 2006);
4. Wim M. J. van Binsbergen, "Introduction," in Commodification: Things, Agency, and Identities (the Social Life of Things Revisited), ed. Wim M. J. van Binsbergen and Peter L. Geschiere (Münster, 2005), 9-51;
5. Daniel Miller, ed., Material Cultures: Why Some Things Matter (London, 1998);
6. Victor Buchli, ed., The Material Culture Reader (Oxford, 2002).
7. An early, influential commodity biography was Sidney Mintz, Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History (New York, 1985); the genre peaked in the 1990s with biographies of cod, pineapple, salt, and others.
8. See also Robert J. Foster, "Tracking Globalization: Commodities and Value inMotion," in Tilley et al., Handbook of Material Culture.
9. See Bill Brown, ed., "Things," special issue, Critical Inquiry 28, no.1 (Autumn 2001),
10. and A Sense of Things: The Object Matter of American Literature (Chicago, 2003).
11. Alex Preda, "The Turn to Things: Arguments for a Sociological Theory of Things," Sociological Quarterly 40, no.2 (Spring 1999): 347-366, quote at 347;
12. Bruno Latour and SteveWoolgar, Laboratory Life: The Social Construction of Scientific Facts (Beverly Hills, CA, 1979);
13. Wiebe E. Bijker, Thomas P. Hughes, and Trevor Pinch, eds., The Social Construction of Technological Systems (Cambridge, MA, 1987);
14. Tim Dant, Materiality and Society (Maidenhead, 2005);
15. Bruno Latour, "When Things Strike Back: A Possible Contribution of 'Science Studies' to the Social Sciences," British Journal of Sociology 51, no.1 (2000): 107-123
16. See also James Livesey, "Material Culture, Economic Institutions and Peasant Revolution in Lower Languedoc, 1770-1840," Past and Present, no.182 (February 2004): 143-73;
17. Marc Levinson, The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger (Princeton, NJ, 2006).
18. Sherry Turkle, ed., Evocative Objects: Things We Think With (Cambridge, MA, 2007), 9.
19. Bruno Latour, "From Realpolitik to Dingpolitik," in Making Things Public: Atmospheres of Democracy, ed. Bruno Latour and PeterWeibel (Cambridge, MA, 2005);
20. Bjornar Olsen, "Material Culture after Text: Re-membering Things," Norwegian Archaeological Review 36, no.2 (2003): 87-104;
21. Ewa Domanska, "The Material Presence of the Past," History and Theory, no.45 (October 2006): 337-348
22. From the large body of literature, see Neil McKendrick, John Brewer, and J. H. Plumb, The Birth of a Consumer Society: The Commercialization of Eighteenth-Century England (Bloomington, IN, 1982);
23. John Brewer and Roy Porter, eds., Consumption and the World of Goods (London, 1993);
24. Lorna Weatherill, Consumer Behaviour and Material Culture in Britain, 1660-1760, 2nd ed. (London, 1996);
25. Woodruff D. Smith, Consumption and the Making of Respectability, 1600-1800 (London, 2002);
26. Linda Levy Peck, Consuming Splendor: Society and Culture in Seventeenth-Century England (Cambridge, 2005);
27. Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, The Age of Homespun: Objects and Stories in the Creation of an American Myth (New York, 2001);
28. Amanda Vickery and John Styles, eds., Gender, Taste, and Material Culture in Britain and North America, 1700 - 1830 (New Haven, CT, 2006);
29. Ilana Krausman Ben-Amos, The Culture of Giving: Informal Support and Gift-Exchange in Early Modern England (Cambridge, 2008);
30. H. R. French, The Middle Sort of People in Provincial England, 1600-1750 (Oxford, 2007);
31. Ann Smart Martin, Buying into the World of Goods: Early Consumers in Backcountry Virginia (Baltimore, 2008).
32. For a critique, see Richard Grassby, "Material Culture and Cultural History," Journal of Interdisciplinary History 35, no.4 (Spring 2005): 591-603.
33. Clive Edwards, Turning Houses into Homes: A History of the Retailing and Consumption of Domestic Furnishings (Aldershot, 2005);
34. Deborah Cohen, Household Gods: The British and Their Possessions (New Haven, CT, 2006);
35. Maxine Berg, "In Pursuit of Luxury: Global History and British Consumer Goods in the Eighteenth Century," Past and Present, no.182 (February 2004): 85-142,
36. and Luxury and Pleasure in Eighteenth-Century Britain (Oxford, 2005);
37. Robert Batchelor, "Concealing theBounds: Imagining the British Nation through China," in The Global Eighteenth Century, ed. Felicity A. Nussbaum (Baltimore, 2003);
38. Maya Jasanoff, Edge of Empire: Lives, Culture, and Conquest in the East, 1750 - 1850 (New York, 2005);
39. Margot C. Finn, "Colonial Gifts: Family Politics and the Exchange of Goods in British India," Modern Asian Studies 40, no.1 (2006): 203-31;
40. John Brewer and Frank Trentmann, eds., Consuming Cultures, Global Perspectives (Oxford, 2006).
41. Frank Trentmann, "Crossing Divides: Globalization and Consumption in History," in Handbook of Globalization Studies, ed. Bryan Turner (London, 2009), forthcoming.
42. Michael Sheringham, Everyday Life: Theories and Practices from Surrealism to the Present (Oxford, 2006).
43. To identify such general trends, of course, does not mean that there are no individual traces in British studies, such as Raphael Samuel, Theatres of Memory (London, 1996);
44. and Keith Wrightson, Earthly Necessities: Economic Lives in Early Modern Britain, 1470-1750 (London, 2002).
45. Examples are the Domestic Interiors project (Arts and Humanities Research Council [AHRC] and the Victoria and Albert Museum; http://www.rca.ac.uk/csdi/)
46. and the Cultures of Consumption program (Economic and Social Research Council and AHRC; http://www.consume.bbk.ac.uk).
47. Lorraine Daston, Things That Talk (Chicago, 2000).
48. Arjun Appadurai, "Materiality in the Future of Anthropology," in van Binsbergen and Geschiere, Commodification, 55-62.
49. For a multidisciplinary bibliography, see "The Consumption Bibliography" on the Cultures of Consumption Web site, http://www.consume. bbk.ac.uk/publications.html#bibliography.
50. Points of entry include Regina Lee Blaszczyk, Imagining Consumers: Design and Innovation from Wedgwood to Corning (Baltimore, 2000);
51. Lara Kriegel, Grand Designs: Labor, Empire, and the Museum in Victorian Culture (Durham, NC, 2007);
52. Isobel Armstrong, Victorian Glassworlds: Glass Culture and the Imagination, 1830-1880 (Oxford, 2008);
53. Christopher Breward, Becky Conekin, and Caroline Cox, eds., The Englishness of English Dress (Oxford, 2002);
54. David Gilbert, ed., "Shopping Routes: Networks of Fashion Consumption in London's West End, 1945-1979," special issue, London Journal 31, no.1 (June 2006);
55. Annie Coombes, Reinventing Africa: Museum, Material Culture, and Popular Imagination in Late Victorian and Edwardian England (New Haven, CT, 1994);
56. Tim Barringer and Tom Flynn, eds., Colonialism and the Object: Empire, Material Culture, and the Museum (London, 1998).
57. The concept is that of John Styles; see Styles, The Dress of the People: Everyday Fashion in Eighteenth- Century England (New Haven, CT, 2007).
58. Turkle, Evocative Objects.
59. Roger Pol-Droit, How Are Things? A Philosophical Experiment, trans. Theo Cuffe (London, 2005).
60. Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, "Hannah Barnard's Cupboard: Female Property and Identity in Eighteenth- Century New England," in Through a Glass Darkly: Reflections on Personal Identity in Early America, ed. Ronald Hoffman, Mechal Sobel, and Fredrika J. Teute (Chapel Hill, NC, 1997), 238-273
61. John Styles and Amanda Vickery, "Introduction," in Vickery and Styles, Gender, Taste, and Material Culture, 23.
62. Fernand Braudel, Civilization and Capitalism, 3 vols. (London, 1981-1984);
63. Daniel Roche, A History of Everyday Things: The Birth of Consumption in France, 1600-1800, trans. Brian Pearce (Cambridge, 2000).
64. Smart Martin, Buying, 9, 242, chap. 5.
65. Amanda Vickery, "'Neat and Not Too Showey': Words and Wallpaper in Regency England," in Vickery and Styles, Gender, Taste, and Material Culture, 201-224
66. Styles, Dress of the People.
67. That consumption had cultural and class-specific forms was already emphasized by Maurice Halbwachs, L'Évolution des besoins dans les classes ouvrières (Paris, 1933).
68. For a rebuttal, see Amie L. Thomasson, Ordinary Objects (Oxford, 2007).
69. Evelyn Fox Keller, "Slime Mold," in Turkle, Evocative Objects, 298-306.
70. Pol-Droit, Things, 52-53, 74.
71. Karl Marx, Das Kapital (Hamburg, 1867), bk. 1, chap. 1, sec. 4.
72. Brown, Sense of Things, 14.
73. Martin Heidegger, "Das Ding" (1950), in Vorträge und Aufsätze (Tübingen, 1954), 157-79,
74. and Grundprobleme der Phänomenologie (Tübingen, 1927).
75. The hand and handling of things play a prominent place in Heidegger's thought, as does the wearing of shoes in revealing their thingness (Schuhzeug). Another tradition is the social behaviorism of George Herbert Mead. See Mead, The Philosophy of the Act, ed. Charles Morris (Chicago, 1938);
76. E. Doyle McCarthy, "Toward a Sociology of the Physical World: George Herbert Mead on Physical Objects," Studies in Symbolic Interaction 5 (1984): 105-121
77. Dant, Materiality and Society, chap. 6.
78. Bruno Latour, "Where Are the Missing Masses? The Sociology of a Few Mundane Artifacts," in Shaping Technology/Building Society, ed. Wiebe E. Bijker and John Law (Cambridge, MA, 1992), 225-258, quote at 254, emphasis in original.
79. See also Latour, "When Things Strike Back."
80. See the bibliography by John Law, "The Actor Network Resource: Thematic List of Publications," Department of Sociology, Lancaster University, http://www.lancs.ac.uk/fass/centres/css/ant/ant.htm.
81. For discussion, see Simon Schaffer, "The Eighteenth Brumaire of Bruno Latour," Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 22, no.1 (March 1991): 174-192
82. See also Bruno Latour, Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory (Oxford, 2005), esp. 87-120;
83. Latour, "Dingpolitik."
84. For example, the economic sociologist Swedberg presents Adam Smith's work as a sharp break with older traditions in which the household had occupied a central place; see Richard Swedberg, "The Centrality of Materiality: Theorizing the Economy from Xenophon to Home Economics and Beyond," Sociologica, no.1 (2008), http://www.sociologica.mulino.it/doi/10.2383/26567.
85. Werner Sombart, Luxus und Kapitalismus (Munich, 1912).
86. Jonathan Lamb, "The Crying of Lost Things," ELH: English Literary History 71, no.4 (Winter 2004): 949-967, quote at 953. Such myths of an uprising of everyday things against people also featured in older cultures;
87. see Walter Krickeberg, Märchen der Azteken und Inkaperuaner, Maya und Muisca (Jena, 1928).
88. Christopher Flint, "Speaking Objects: The Circulation of Stories in Eighteenth-Century Prose Fiction," PMLA: Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, no.113 (March 1998): 212-226
89. Jonathan Lamb, "Modern Metamorphoses and Disgraceful Tales," Critical Inquiry 28, no.1 (Autumn 2001): 133-166
90. Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England (London, 1765-69), bk. 2, chap. 1. The integration of law into historical studies of consumption remains rare.
91. For exceptions, see Margot C. Finn, The Character of Credit: Personal Debt in English Culture, 1740 - 1914 (Cambridge, 2003);
92. Bronwen Morgan and Frank Trentmann, eds., "The Politics of Necessity," special issue, Journal of Consumer Policy 29, no.4 (December 2006).
93. Van Binsbergen, "Introduction," in van Binsbergen and Geschiere, Commodification, 30-36.
94. Evelyn Welch, Shopping in the Renaissance: Consumer Cultures in Italy, 1400-1600 (New Haven, CT, 2005).
95. David T. Roy, trans., The Plum in the Golden Vase (Princeton NJ, 1993-);
96. Craig Clunas, Superfluous Things: Material Culture and Social Status in Early Modern China (Chicago, 1991),
97. and Empire of Great Brightness: Visual and Material Cultures of Ming China, 1368-1644 (London, 2007).
98. Brown, Sense of Things.
99. Harold J. Cook, Matters of Exchange: Commerce, Medicine, and Science in the Dutch Golden Age (New Haven, CT, 2007), 40.
100. Christopher Berry, The Idea of Luxury (Cambridge, 1994);
101. Maxine Berg and Elizabeth Eger, eds., Luxury in the Eighteenth Century: Debates, Desires and Delectable Goods (Basingstoke, 2003).
102. Lynn Festa, "The Moral Ends of Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Object Narratives," in The Secret Life of Things: Animals, Objects, and It-Narratives in Eighteenth-Century England, ed. Mark Blackwell (Lewisburg, PA, 2007).
103. Jean Comaroff and John Comaroff, "Colonizing Currencies: Beasts, Banknotes, and the Color of Money in South Africa," in van Binsbergen and Geschiere, Commodification, 145-73;
104. Timothy Burke, Lifebuoy Men, Lux Women: Commodification, Consumption, and Cleanliness in Modern Zimbabwe (Durham, NC, 1996).
105. Herbert A. Simon, Models of Bounded Rationality (Cambridge, 1982);
106. Avner Offer, The Challenge of Affluence: Self-Control and Well-Being in the United States and Britain since 1950 (Oxford, 2006);
107. Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, eds., Choices, Values, and Frames (Cambridge, 2000).
108. For the cold-war context, see John Brewer, "The Error of Our Ways: Historians and the Birth of Consumer Society," Working Paper no.012 (Cultures of Consumption, London, 2004), http://www.consume.bbk.ac.uk/ publications.html#workingpapers.
109. See Robert Malcolmson, Life and Labour in England, 1700-1780 (London, 1981);
110. Adrian Randall and Andrew Charlesworth, eds., Markets, Market Culture and Popular Protest in Eighteenth-Century Britain and Ireland (Liverpool, 1996).
111. Beverly Lemire, Fashion's Favourite: The Cotton Trade and the Consumer in Britain, 1660-1800 (Oxford, 1991).
112. Ellen Hartigan-O'Connor, "Collaborative Consumption and the Politics of Choice in Early American Port Cities," 125-50;
113. Claire Walsh, "Shops, Shopping and the Art of Decision Making in Eighteenth-Century England," 151-78;
114. and Ann Smart Martin, "Ribbons of Desire: Gendered Stories in the World of Goods," 179-200,
115. Nicky Gregson and Louise Crewe, Second-Hand Cultures (Oxford, 2003);
116. Inge Maria Daniels, "Scooping, Raking, Beckoning Luck: Luck, Agency and the Interdependence of People and Things in Japan," Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, no.9 (December 2003): 619-38;
117. Alison Clarke, "Mother Swapping: The Trafficking of Nearly New Children's Wear," in Commercial Cultures: Economics, Practices, Spaces, ed. Peter Jackson, Michelle Lowe, Daniel Miller, and Frank Mort (Oxford, 2000);
118. Russell W. Belk, Collecting in a Consumer Society (London, 2001);
119. Steven M. Gelber, Hobbies: Leisure and the Culture of Work in America (New York, 1999);
120. William Davies King, Collections of Nothing (Chicago, 2008);
121. David J. Ekerdt and Julie F. Sergeant, "Family Things: Attending the Household Disbandment of Older Adults," Journal of Aging Studies 20, no.3 (September 2006): 193-205.
122. Theodore R. Schatzki, Karin Knorr-Cetina, and Eike von Savigny, eds., The Practice Turn in Contemporary Theory (London, 2001);
123. Alan Warde, "Consumption and Theories of Practice," Journal of Consumer Culture 5, no.2 (July 2005): 131-53;
124. Jukka Gronow and Alan Warde, eds., Ordinary Consumption (London, 2001);
125. Elizabeth Shove and Mika Pantzar, "Consumers, Producers and Practices: Understanding the Invention and Reinvention of Nordic Walking," Journal of Consumer Culture 5, no.1 (January 2005): 43-64.
126. E. P. Thompson, "The Moral Economy of the English Crowd in the Eighteenth Century," Past and Present, no.50 (February 1971): 76-136.
127. For critiques, see Frank Trentmann, "Before 'Fair Trade': Empire, Free Trade, and the Moral Economies of Food in the Modern World," Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 25, no.6 (2007): 1079-1102.
128. Elizabeth Shove, Frank Trentmann, and Richard Wilk, eds., Time, Consumption, and Everyday Life (Oxford, 2009), forthcoming.
129. Henri Lefebvre, Rhythmanalysis: Space, Time and Everyday Life (London, 2004), 40-41.
130. Elizabeth Shove, Matthew Watson, Martin Hand, and Jack Ingram, The Design of Everyday Life (Oxford, 2007).
131. Harvey Molotch, Where Stuff Comes From: How Toasters, Toilets, Cars, Computers, and Many Other Things Come to Be as They Are (New York, 2005).
132. Elizabeth Shove, Comfort, Cleanliness and Convenience: The Social Organisation of Normality (Oxford, 2003).
133. Shove et al., Design of Everyday Life;
134. Martin Hand and Elizabeth Shove, "Orchestrating Concepts: Kitchen Dynamics and Regime Change in Good Housekeeping and Ideal Home, 1922-2002," Home Cultures 1, no.3 (November 2004): 235-257
135. Molotch, Stuff, 2.
136. Mary Douglas, "Why Do People Want Goods?" in Understanding the Enterprise Culture: Themes in the Work of Mary Douglas, ed. Shaun Hargreaves Heap and Angus Ross (Edinburgh, 1992), 19-31.
137. John Dewey, Human Nature and Conduct: An Introduction to Social Psychology (New York, 1922), 25, 67, 193, 196, 279. It is problematic to view choice and the consumer as recent products of "advanced liberal" governmentality.
138. See esp. Nikolas Rose, Powers of Freedom: Reframing Political Thought (Cambridge, 1999).
139. Also see Mark Bevir and Frank Trentmann, "Civic Choices: Retrieving Perspectives on Rationality, Consumption, and Citizenship," in Citizenship and Consumption, ed. Kate Soper and Frank Trentmann (Basingstoke, 2007), 19-33;
140. John Clarke, Janet E. Newman, Nick Smith, Elizabeth Vidler, and Louise Westmarland, Creating Citizen-Consumers: Changing Publics and Changing Public Services (London, 2007).
141. Erika D. Rappaport, Shopping for Pleasure:Women and the Making of London'sWest End (Princeton, NJ, 2000);
142. Cohen, Household Gods;
143. Judith R. Walkowitz, City of Dreadful Delight: Narratives of Sexual Danger in Late-Victorian London (Chicago, 1992);
144. Peter J. Gurney, "The Sublime of the Bazaar: A Moment in the Making of a Consumer Culture in Mid-Nineteenth Century England," Journal of Social History 40, no.2 (Winter 2006): 385-405.
145. For comparisons, see Geoffrey Crossick and Serge Jaumain, eds., Cathedrals of Consumption: The European Department Store, 1850-1939 (Aldershot, 1999).
146. Frank Trentmann, Free Trade Nation: Commerce, Consumption, and Civil Society in Modern Britain (Oxford, 2008).
147. James Epstein, Radical Expression: Political Language, Ritual, and Symbol in England, 1790 - 1850 (Oxford, 1994);
148. Daniel Boorstin, The Americans: The Democratic Experience (New York, 1973);
149. T. H. Breen, The Marketplace of Revolution: How Consumer Politics Shaped American Independence (New York, 2004);
150. Jürgen Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere (1962; repr., Cambridge, 1989).
151. See also Brian Cowan, The Social Life of Coffee (New Haven, CT, 2005);
152. Lisa Tickner, The Spectacle of Women (London, 1987), chaps. 2-3;
153. Trentmann, Free Trade Nation, chap. 2.;
154. James Thompson, "Pictorial Lies? Posters and Politics in Britain, 1880-1914," Past and Present, no.197 (November 2007): 177-210.
155. Bruno Latour, "Why Has Critique Run out of Steam: From Matters of Fact to Matters of Concern," in Things, ed. Bill Brown (Chicago, 2004), 151-173, quote at 161.
156. Martin Heidegger, Discourse on Thinking (New York, 1966), 54.
157. Patrick Joyce, Visions of the People: Industrial England and the Question of Class, 1848-1914 (Cambridge, 1991),
158. and Democratic Subjects: The Self and the Social in Nineteenth-Century England (Cambridge, 1994);
159. James Vernon, Politics and the People: A Study in English Political Culture, c. 1815-1867 (Cambridge, 1993);
160. James Vernon, ed., Re-reading the Constitution: New Narratives in the Political History of England's Long Nineteenth Century (Cambridge, 1996).
161. Patrick Joyce, The Rule of Freedom: Liberalism and the Modern City (London, 2003);
162. Chris Otter, "Making Liberalism Durable: Vision and Civility in the Late Victorian City," Social History 27, no.1 (January 2002): 1-15;
163. Tom Crook, "Power, Privacy and Pleasure: Liberalism and the Modern Cubicle," Cultural Studies 21, no. 4/5 (July 2007): 549-69;
164. Thomas Osborne, "Security and Vitality: Drains, Liberalism and Power in the Nineteenth Century," in Foucault and Political Reason, ed. Andrew Barry, Thomas Osborne, and Nikolas Rose (Chicago, 1996), 99-121;
165. James Vernon, "The Ethics of Hunger and the Assembly of Society: The Techno-Politics of the School Meal in Modern Britain," American Historical Review 110, no.3 (June 2005): 693-725.
166. See also Timothy Mitchell, Rule of Experts: Egypt, Techno-Politics, Modernity (Berkeley, CA, 2002).
167. Joyce, Rule of Freedom, 7.
168. David Edgerton, "Creole Technologies and Global Histories: Rethinking How Things Travel in Space and Time," Journal of History of Science and Technology, no.1 (Summer 2007), http://www .johost.eu/?oid= 2&act=&area=4&ri=1&itid=;
169. Daniel Miller, "Turning Callon the Right Way Up," Economy and Society 31, no.2 (May 2002): 218-233
170. Crook, "Power, Privacy and Pleasure," 549-569
171. See John Broich, "Engineering the Empire: British Water Supply Systems and Colonial Societies, 1850-1900," Journal of British Studies 46, no.2 (April 2007): 346-65;
172. David Arnold, Science, Technology, and Medicine in Colonial India, 1760 - 1947 (Cambridge, 2000).
173. Christopher Hamlin, "Muddling in Bumbledom:On the Enormity of Large Sanitary Improvements in Four British Towns, 1855-1885," Victorian Studies 32, no.1 (Autumn 1988): 55-83,
174. and "Public Sphere to Public Health: The Transformation of 'Nuisance,'" in Medicine, Health and the Public Sphere in Britain, 1600 - 2000, ed. Steve Sturdy (London, 2002), 189-204.
175. See Frank Trentmann and Vanessa Taylor, "From Users to Consumers:Water Politics in Nineteenth- Century London," in The Making of the Consumer, ed. Frank Trentmann (Oxford, 2006), 53-79.
176. Problems with interconnectivity continued in the twentieth century; see Vanessa Taylor, Heather Chappells, Will Medd, and Frank Trentmann, "Drought Is Normal: The Socio-Technical Evolution of Drought and Water Demand in England and Wales, 1893-2006," Journal of Historical Geography (forthcoming).
177. See Taylor and Trentmann, "Liquid Politics."
178. Lara Kriegel, "Culture and the Copy: Calico, Capitalism, and Design Copyright in Early Victorian Britain," Journal of British Studies 43, no.2 (April 2004): 233-265
179. Michel de Certeau, The Practice of Everyday Life (1974; repr., Berkeley, CA, 1984), xiv-xv;
180. Henri Lefebvre, Critique of Everyday Life: Foundations for a Sociology of the Everyday, Volume II (1961; repr., London, 2002),
181. and Critique of Everyday Life: From Modernity to Modernism, Volume III (1981; repr., London, 2005).
182. Bas van Vliet, Heather Chappells, and Elizabeth Shove, Infrastructures of Consumption: Environmental Innovation in the Utility Industries (London, 2005).
183. Latour, Reassembling the Social;
184. Charles Perrow, Normal Accidents: Living with High-Risk Technologies (Princeton, NJ, 1999).
185. Frank Trentmann, "Disruption Is Normal: Blackouts, Breakdowns and the Elasticity of Everyday Life," in Shove, Trentmann, and Wilk, Time, Consumption, and Everyday Life.