Shrub encroachment impacts the potential for multiple use conflicts on public land

Environmental Management

Volumn 44, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 493-504

  Burkinshaw, Angela M ^a   Bork, Edward W ^b  

^a Alberta Sustainable Resource Development   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Digital image analysis; Grassland loss; Grazing capacity; Livestock wildlife conflict; Range health; Shrub encroachment

Indexed keywords

DIGITAL IMAGE ANALYSIS; GRASSLAND LOSS; GRAZING CAPACITY; LIVESTOCK-WILDLIFE CONFLICT; RANGE HEALTH; SHRUB ENCROACHMENT;

ANIMALS; HEALTH; IMAGE ANALYSIS; LAND USE; LANDFORMS; OCEAN HABITATS; PHOTOGRAPHY; VEGETATION;

AGRICULTURE;

AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY; DIGITAL IMAGE; ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY; FORAGE; GPS; GRASSLAND; GRAZING; IMAGE ANALYSIS; NATURE RESERVE; RANGELAND; SHRUB; UNGULATE; VEGETATION TYPE; WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT;

ARTICLE; CALIBRATION; CANADA; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; FORAGE; FOREST; GRASSLAND; GRAZING; HABITAT; LAND USE; LANDSCAPE; LIVESTOCK; NONHUMAN; POLICY; RANGELAND; SHRUB; UNGULATE; VALIDATION PROCESS; VEGETATION; WILDLIFE; WILDLIFE CONSERVATION;

ALBERTA; ANIMALS; ANIMALS, DOMESTIC; ANIMALS, WILD; CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES; ECOSYSTEM; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS; POACEAE;

ALBERTA; CANADA; NORTH AMERICA;

ANIMALIA; UNGULATA;

EID: 68849108066     PISSN: 0364152X     EISSN: 14321009     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00267-009-9328-2     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Adams BW, Castelli O, Gardner FG, Cartwright G, Clark J (1992) Fire and grazing to manage willow shrubland on foothill range. Range Notes 15:1-6. Pub. No. T/207. Lands and Forest Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
2. S Archer C Scifres CR Bassham R Maggio 1988 Autogenic succession in a subtropical savanna: conversion of grassland to thorn woodland Ecological Monographs 58 2 111 127
3. 2? Climate Change 29 91 99
4. Y Bai K Broersma D Thompson TJ Ross 2004 Landscape-level dynamics of grassland-forest transitions in British Columbia Journal of Range Management 57 66 75
5. AW Bailey AL Wroe 1974 Aspen invasion in a portion of the Alberta parklands Journal of Range Management 33 37 40
6. WL Baker 1992 Effects of settlement and fire suppression on landscape structure Ecology 73 1879 1887
7. Bonham CD (1989) Measurements for terrestrial vegetation. Wiley, New York, NY, 338 pp
8. EW Bork AM Burkinshaw 2009 Cool-season floodplain meadow responses to shrub encroachment in Alberta Rangeland Ecology and Management 62 44 52
9. E Bork D Smith M Willoughby 1996 Prescribed burning of bog birch Rangelands 18 1 4 7
10. EW Bork BW Adams WD Willms 2002 Resilience of foothills rough fescue, Festuca campestris, rangeland to wildfire Canadian Field Naturalist 116 51 59
11. TB Bragg LC Hulbert 1976 Woody plant invasion of unburned Kansas bluestem prairie Journal of Range Management 29 19 24
12. JM Briggs JA Hoch LC Johnson 2002 Assessing the rate, mechanisms, and consequences of the conversion of tallgrass prairie to Juniperus virginiana forest Ecosystems 5 578 586
13. JM Briggs AK Knapp BL Brock 2002 Expansion of woody plants in tallgrass prairie: a fifteen year study of fire and fire-grazing interactions American Midland Naturalist 147 287 294
14. JM Briggs AK Knapp JM Blair JL Heisler GA Hoch MS Lett JK McCarron 2005 An ecosystem in transition: causes and consequences of the conversion of mesic grassland to shrubland BioScience 55 243 254
15. JR Brown S Archer 1999 Shrub invasion of grassland: recruitment is continuous and not regulated by herbaceous biomass or density Ecology 80 2385 2396
16. JP Bryant J Tahvanainen M Sulkinoja R Julkunen-Tiitto P Reichardt T Green 1989 Biogeographic evidence for the evolution of chemical defense by boreal birch and willow against mammalian browsing The American Naturalist 134 20 34
17. Burkinshaw AM (2005) Shrub encroachment onto floodplain meadows within the Rocky Mountain Forest Reserve, Alberta. MSc Thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 123 pp
18. JG Cook TJ Hershey LL Irwin 1994 Vegetative response to burning on Wyoming Mountain-shrub big game ranges Journal of Range Management 47 296 302
19. RGH Cormack 1953 A survey of coniferous forest succession in the eastern Rockies Forestry Chronicles 29 3 218 232
20. WJ DeGroot RA Wein 1999 Betula glandulosa Michx. response to burning and postfire growth temperature and implications of climate change International Journal of Wildland Fire 9 51 64
21. WJ DeGroot RA Wein 2004 Effects of fire severity and season of burn on Betula glandulosa growth dynamics International Journal of Wildland Fire 13 287 295
22. WJ DeGroot PA Thomas RW Wein 1997 Betula nana L. and Betula glandulosa Michx Journal of Ecology 85 241 264
23. PW Dunwiddie 1977 Recent tree invasion of subalpine meadows in the Wind River Mountains, Wyoming Arctic and Alpine Research 9 4 393 399
24. KJ Edwards JE Schofield D Mauquoy 2008 High resolution paleoenvironmental and chronological investigations of Norse landnám at Tasiusaq, Eastern Settlement, Greenland Quaternary Research 69 1 15
25. Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) (2002) Arcview version 3.X for windows. Redlands, CA, USA
26. MD Flannigan CE Van Wagner 1991 Climate change and wildfire in Canada Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21 66 72
27. Government of Alberta (2000) Forest reserves act. Chapter/regulation F-20 RSA 2000. ISBN#0779728203
28. Hanson WR (1973) History of the eastern rockies forest conservation board 1947-1973. Eastern Rockies Forest Conservation Board, unpublished Alberta Forest Service report. Edmonton, Alberta, 54 pp
29. M Hebblewhite EH Merrill TL McDonald 2005 Spatial decomposition of predation risk using resource selection functions: an example in a wolf-elk predator-prey system Oikos 111 101 111
30. M Hebblewhite EH Merrill G McDermid 2008 A multi-scale test of the forage maturation hypothesis in a partially migratory ungulate population Ecological Monographs 78 141 166
31. JL Heisler JM Briggs AK Knapp JM Blair A Seery 2004 Direct and indirect effects of fire on shrub density and aboveground productivity in a mesic grassland Ecology 85 2245 2257
32. CL Knight JM Briggs MD Nellis 1994 Expansion of gallery forest on Konza Prairie Research Natural Area, Kansas, USA Landscape Ecology 9 2 117 125
33. M Köchy SD Wilson 2001 Nitrogen deposition and forest expansion in the northern Great Plains Journal of Ecology 89 807 817
34. HT Lewis 1980 Indian fires of spring Natural History Journal 89 76 81
35. GM MacDonald 1989 Postglacial palaeoecology of the subalpine forest-grassland ecotone of southwestern Alberta: new insights on vegetation and climate change in the Canadian Rocky Mountains and adjacent foothills Palaeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 73 155 173
36. NJ Mast TT Veblen ME Hodgson 1997 Tree invasion within a pine/grassland ecotone: an approach with historical aerial photography and GIS modeling Forest Ecology and Management 93 181 194
37. Moss EH (1983) Flora of Alberta. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, ON, 687 pp
38. I Pengelly D Hamer 2006 Grizzly bear use of pink hedysarum roots following shrubland fire in Banff National Park, Alberta Ursus 17 2 124 131
39. JW Petranka JK McPherson 1979 The role of Rhus copallina in the dynamics of the forest-prairie ecotone in North Central Oklahoma Ecology 60 956 965
40. Rayner MR (1984) Ecological land classification and evaluation: Ram-Clearwater. Resource evaluation branch, resources evaluation and planning division, Alberta energy and natural resources, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
41. WH Schlesinger JF Reynolds GL Cunningham LF Huennecke WH Jarrell RA Virginia WG Whitford 1990 Biological feedbacks in global desertification Science 247 1043 1048
42. A Singh 1989 Digital change detection techniques using remotely sensed data International Journal of Remote Sensing 10 989 1003
43. Society for Range Management (1989) A glossary of terms used in range management, 3rd edn. Society for Range Management, Denver, CO, USA
44. Strong WL, Leggat KR (1992) Ecoregions of Alberta. Alberta Forestry, Lands and Wildlife, Resource Information Branch, Edmonton, Alta. T/245, 77 pp
45. M Sturm C Racine K Tape 2001 Increasing shrub abundance in the Arctic Nature 411 546 547
46. PT Tueller 1989 Remote sensing technology for rangeland management applications Journal of Range Management 42 442 453
47. MG Turner WH Romme 1994 Landscape dynamics in crown fire ecosystems Landscape Ecology 9 59 77
48. OW Van Auken 2000 Shrub invasions of North American semiarid grasslands Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 31 197 215
49. OC Wallace J Qi P Heilma RC Marsett 2003 Remote sensing for cover change assessment in southeast Arizona Journal of Range Management 56 402 409
50. AR Watkinson SJ Ormed 2001 Grasslands grazing and biodiversity: editor's introduction Journal of Applied Ecology 38 233 237
51. Weerstra BG (1990) Elk creek rangeland reference area range use, history, condition and trend. Biota Consultants, Cochrane, Alberta. Forest Land Use Branch, Range Management Section, Edmonton Alberta, Canada
52. IM Weis LA Hermanutz 1988 The population biology of the arctic dwarf birch, Betula glandulosa: seed rain and the germinable seedbank Canadian Journal of Botany 66 2055 2061
53. Wessman CA, Archer S, Johnson LC, Asner GP (2004) Woodland expansion in U.S. grasslands: assessing land cover change and biogeochemistry impacts. In: Guttman G, Janetos A, Skole D (eds) Land change science: observing, monitoring and understanding trajectories of change on the Earth's surface. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands, pp 185-208
54. NE West 1993 Biodiversity of rangelands Journal of Range Management 46 2 13
55. WD Willms S Smoliak JF Dormaar 1985 Effects of stocking rate on a rough fescue grassland vegetation Journal of Range Management 38 220 225
56. Willoughby MG (2000) Rangeland reference areas: species composition changes in the presence and absence of grazing and fire on the rough fescue-hairy wildrye dominated community types of the Upper Foothills Subregion. Lands and forest services division, Edmonton, Alberta
57. Willoughby MG (2001) Range plant community types and carrying capacity guides for the Upper Foothills Subregion. Alberta Sustainable Development, Public Lands. Pub No. T/356. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada