Tectonic vs. gravitational morphostructures in the central Eastern Alps (Italy): Constraints on the recent evolution of the mountain range

Tectonophysics

Volumn 474, Issue 1-2, 2009, Pages 250-270

  Agliardi, Federico ^a   Zanchi, Andrea ^a   Crosta, Giovanni B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MILANO BICOCCA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Active tectonics; Central Eastern Alps; Deep seated gravitational slope deformation; Faulting; Numerical modelling; Relief

Indexed keywords

ACTIVE TECTONICS; CENTRAL EASTERN ALPS; DEEP-SEATED GRAVITATIONAL SLOPE DEFORMATION; FAULTING; NUMERICAL MODELLING; RELIEF;

DEFORMATION; GEOCHRONOLOGY; GRAVITATION; LANDFORMS; PASSIVE NETWORKS; STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY; SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY; TWO DIMENSIONAL;

TECTONICS;

ACTIVE MARGIN; CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; FAULTING; MORPHOSTRUCTURE; MOUNTAIN REGION; NUMERICAL MODEL; SEISMICITY; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; TECTONIC STRUCTURE; TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING;

ALPS; BOLZANO; EASTERN ALPS; EURASIA; EUROPE; ITALY; LOMBARDY; SOUTHERN EUROPE; TRENTINO-ALTO ADIGE; VALTELLINA; VENOSTA VALLEY;

EID: 68849090460     PISSN: 00401951     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2009.02.019     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Agliardi F., Crosta G., and Zanchi A. Structural constraints on deep-seated slope deformation kinematics. Engineering Geology 59 (2001) 83-102
2. Agliardi F., Crosta G., Zanchi A., and Ravazzi C. Onset and timing of deep-seated gravitational slope deformations in the Eastern Alps, Italy. Geomorphology 103 (2009) 113-129
3. Ahnert F. Functional relationships between denudation, relief, and uplift in large mid-latitude basins. American Journal of Science 268 (1970) 243-263
4. Ambrosi C., and Crosta G.B. Large sackung along major tectonic features in the Central Italian Alps. Engineering Geology 83 (2006) 183-200
5. Angelier J. Tectonic analysis of fault slip data sets. Journal of Geophysical Research 89 (1984) 5835-5848
6. Angelier J. Inversion of field data in fault tectonics to obtain the regional stress-III. A new rapid direct inversion method by analytical means. Geophysical Journal International 103 (1990) 363-376
7. Ballantyne C.K. Paraglacial geomorphology. Quaternary Science Reviews 21 (2002) 1935-2017
8. Berra, F., Sciesa, E., Mazzoccola, D., Guglielmin, M., 2002. Carta Geologica d'Italia, Section D1d4 Passo dello Stelvio, scale 1:10,000. Progetto CARG - Regione, Lombardia, Milano (in Italian).
9. Bieniawski Z.T. Engineering Rock Mass Classification (1989), J. Wiley and Sons, New York 251 pp.
10. Bovis M.J. Uphill-facing (antislope) scarps in the Coast Mountains, southwest British Columbia. Geological Society of America Bulletin 93 (1982) 804-812
11. Bovis M.J., and Evans S.G. Rock slope movements along the Mount Currie "fault scarp", southern Coast Mountains, British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 32 (1995) 2015-2020
12. Braunmiller J., Kradolfer U., Baer M., and Giardini D. Regional moment tensor determination in the European-Mediterranean area - initial results. Tectonophysics 356 (2002) 5-22
13. Brocklehurst S.H., and Whipple K.X. Response of glacial landscapes to spatial variations in rock uplift rate. Journal of Geophysical Research 112 (2007) F02035
14. Brückl E. Cause-effect models of large landslides. Natural Hazards 23 (2001) 291-314
15. Burbank D.W., and Anderson R.S. Tectonic Geomorphology (2001), Blackwell Scientific, Oxford 270 pp.
16. Canetta M., Frassoni A., Maugliani V., and Tanzini M. Appraisal of the rock mass interested by underground excavations for the extension of a hydroelectric power plant. In: Broch E., and Lysne D.K. (Eds). Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Hydropower, Lillehammer, Norway, 16-18 June 1992 (1992) 81-88
17. Caporali A., Braitenberg C., and Massironi M. Geodetic and hydrological aspects of the Merano earthquake of 17 July 2001. Journal of Geodynamics 39 (2005) 317-336
18. Chemenda A.I., Bouissou S., and Bachmann D. 3-D physical modelling of deep seated landslides: new technique and first results. Journal of Geophysical Research 110 (2005) F04004
19. Colesanti C., Crosta G.B., Ferretti A., and Ambrosi C. Monitoring and assessing the state of activity of slope instabilities by the Permanent Scatterers Technique. In: Evans S.G., Scarascia-Mugnozza G., Strom A., and Hermanns R. (Eds). Landslides from Massive Rock Slope Failure. NATO Science Series, IV. Earth and Environmental Sciences vol. 49 (2004), Springer, Dordrecht 175-194
20. Conti P., Manatschal G., and Pfister H. Synrift sedimentation, Jurassic and Alpine tectonics in the central Ortler nappe (Eastern Alps, Italy). Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 87 (1994) 63-90
21. Corradini M., Notarpietro A., and Potenza R. L'assetto geologico degli gneiss di Valle Grosina nell'alta Valtellina (Sondrio-Italia). Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Museo Civ. St. Nat. Milano vol. 114 (1973) 135-151 (in Italian)
22. Crosta G.B., and Agliardi F. Failure forecast for large rock slides by surface displacement measurements. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 40 1 (2003) 176-191
23. Crosta G.B., and Frattini P. Controls on modern alluvial fan processes in the central Alps, northern Italy. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 29 3 (2004) 267-293
24. Crosta G., and Zanchi A. Deep seated slope deformations. Huge, extraordinary, enigmatic phenomena. In: Bromhead E., Dixon N., and Ibsen M. (Eds). Landslides in Research, Theory and Practice, Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Landslides, Cardiff, June 2000. Thomas Telford, London (2000) 351-358
25. Crosta, G., Zanchi, A., Agliardi, F., Frattini, P., Ambrosi, C., 2000. Convenzione di studio della frana di "Pian Palù" in sponda sinistra dell'Alta Val di Peio - Torrente Noce. Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca - Provincia Autonoma di Trento, unpublished technical report, 150 pp. (in Italian).
26. Cruden D.M., and Hu X.Q. Exhaustion and steady-state models for predicting landslide hazards in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Geomorphology 8 (1993) 279-285
27. D'Agostino N., Cheloni D., Mantenuto S., Selvaggi G., Michelini A., and Zuliani D. Strain accumulation in the southern Alps (NE Italy) and deformation at the northeastern boundary of Adria observed by CGPS measurements. Geophysical Research Letters 32 (2005) L19306
28. Deichmann N., and Baer M. Earthquake focal depth below the Alps and the northern Alpine foreland of Switzerland. In: Freeman R., Giese P., and Müller St. (Eds). The European Geotraverse: integrative studies (1990), European Science Foundation, Strasbourg, France 277-288
29. Densmore A.L., Ellis M.A., and Anderson R.S. Landsliding and the evolution of normal fault-bounded mountain ranges. Journal of Geophysical Research 103 B7 (1998) 15, 203-15, 219
30. Desio, A., 1961. Geological features of the reservoirs and of the dam foundation rocks. In: Association of Italian electric producer and utility companies (Ed.), Dams for hydroelectric power in Italy, 33 p.
31. Fah D., Giardini D., Bay F., Bernardi F., Braunmiller J., Deichmann N., Furrer M., Gantner L., Gisler M., Isenegger D., Jimenez M.J., Kastli P., Koglin R., Masciadri V., Rutz M., Scheidegger C., Schibler R., Schorlemmer D., Schwarz-Zanetti G., Steimen S., Sellami S., Wiemer S., and Wossner J. Earthquake catalog of Switzerland (ECOS) and the related macroseismic database. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 96/2 (2003) 219-236
32. Florineth D., and Schlüchter C. Alpine evidence for atmospheric circulation patterns during the Last Glacial Maximum. Quaternary Research 54 (2000) 295-308
33. Forcella F., and Orombelli G. Holocene slope deformations in Valfurva, Central Alps, Italy. Geografia Fisica e Dinamica Quaternaria 7 (1984) 41-48
34. Forcella F., Gallazzi D., Montrasio A., and Notarpietro A. Note illustrative relative all'evoluzione neotettonica dei Fogli 6 - Passo dello Spluga, 7 - Pizzo Bernina, 8 - Bormio, 17 - Chiavenna, 18 - Sondrio, 19 - Tirano. Contributi alla realizzazione della Carta Neotettonica d'Italia. Progetto Finalizzato Geodinamica vol. 513 (1982) 239-288 (in Italian)
35. Froitzheim N., Conti P., and Van Daalen M. Late Cretaceous, synorogenic, low-angle normal faulting along the Schlinig fault (Switzerland, Italy, Austria) and its significance for the tectonics of the Eastern Alps. Tectonophysics 280 (1997) 267-293
36. Gudmundsson G.H. An order-of-magnitude estimate of the current uplift-rates in Switzerland caused by the Wurm Alpine deglaciation. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 87/2 (1994) 545-557
37. Guglielmin M., and Orombelli G. Il cono di deiezione terrazzato allo sbocco della Valle di Migiondo presso Sondalo (Valtellina). Un esempio di accumulo di valanghe di roccia e di colate detritiche connesse a deformazioni gravitative profonde di versante. Ist. Lomb. (Rend. Sc.), B vol. 135 (2003) 87-100 (in Italian)
38. Hinderer M. Late Quaternary denudation of the Alps, valley and lake fillings and modern river loads. Geodinamica Acta 14 (2001) 231-263
39. 10Be dating approach. Tectonophysics 418 (2006) 255-276
40. Hoek E., and Brown E.T. Practical estimates or rock mass strength. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 34 8 (1997) 1165-1186
41. Itasca Consulting Group Inc., 2005. FLAC version 5.0, User Manuals.
42. Ivy-Ochs S., Schäfer J., Kubik P.W., Synal H.-A., and Schlüchter C. Timing of deglaciation on the northern Alpine foreland (Switzerland). Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 97 (2004) 47-55
43. Kahle H.G., Geiger A., Burki B., Gubler E., Marti U., Wirth B., Rothacher M., Gurtner W., Beutler G., Bauersima I., and Pfiffner O.A. Recent crustal movements, geoid and density distribution: contribution from integrated satellite and terrestrial measurements. In: Pfiffner O., Lehner P., Heitzmann P., Müller S., and Steck A. (Eds). Results of the NRP20 Deep structures of the Swiss Alps (1997), Birkhauser Verlag, Basel 251-259
44. 10Be dates of erosional features in the Grimsel Pass region, central Swiss Alps. Boreas 35 (2006) 634-643
45. Korup O., Clague J.J., Hermanns R.L., Hewitt K., Strom A.L., and Weidinger J.T. Giant landslides, topography, and erosion. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 261 (2007) 578-589
46. Kühni A., and Pfiffner O.A. The relief of the Swiss Alps and adjacent areas and its relation to lithology and structure: topographic analysis from 250-m DEM. Geomorphology 41 (2001) 285-307
47. Lambeck K., Yokoyama Y., and Purcell T. Into and out of the Last Glacial Maximum: sea-level change during oxygen isotope stages 3 and 2. Quaternary Science Reviews 21 (2002) 343-360
48. Mancktelow N., Stöckli D.F., Grollimund B., Müller W., Fügenschuh B., Viola G., Seward D., and Villa I.M. The DAV and Periadriatic fault system in the Eastern Alps south of the Tauern window. International Journal of Earth Sciences (Geologische Rundschau) 90 (2001) 593-622
49. Mariucci M.T., and Müller B. The tectonic regime in Italy inferred from borehole breakout data. Tectonophysics 361 (2003) 21-35
50. Martin S., Prosser G., and Santini L. Alpine deformation along the Periadriatic lineament in the Italian Eastern Alps. Annales Tectonicae 5 (1991) 118-140
51. McCalpin J.P. Criteria for determining the seismic significance of sackungen and other scarp-like landforms in mountainous regions. Techniques for Identifying Faults and Determining their Origins (1999), U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington 2.55-2.59
52. Meigs A., and Sauber J. Southern Alaska as an example of the long term consequences of mountain building under the influence of glaciers. Quaternary Science Reviews 19 (2000) 1543-1562
53. Miller D.J., and Dunne T. Topographic perturbations of regional stresses and consequent bedrock fracturing. Journal of Geophysical Research 101 (1996) 25523-25536
54. Molnar P., and England P. Late Cenozoic uplift of mountain ranges and global climate change: chicken or egg. Nature 346 (1990) 29-34
55. Montgomery D.R., and Brandon M.T. Topographic controls on erosion rates in tectonically active mountain ranges. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 201 (2002) 481-489
56. Müller B., Zoback M.L., Fuchs K., Mastin L., Gregersen S., Pavoni N., Stephansson O., and Ljunggren C. Regional patterns of tectonic stress in Europe. Journal of Geophysical Research 97 (1992) 11783-11804
57. Müller W., Prosser G., Mancktelow N., Villa I.M., Kelley P.S., Viola G., and Oberli F. Geochronological constraints on the evolution of the Periadriatic Fault System (Alps). International Journal of Earth Sciences (Geologische Rundschau) 90 3 (2001) 623-653
58. Persaud M., and Pfiffner O.A. Active deformation in the eastern Swiss Alps: post-glacial faults, seismicity and surface uplift. Tectonophysics 385 (2004) 59-84
59. Prager C., Zangerl C., Patzelt G., and Brandner R. Age distribution of fossil landslides in the Tyrol (Austria) and its surrounding areas. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 8 (2008) 377-407
60. Prosser G. The development of the North Giudicarie fault zone (Insubric Line, Northern Italy). Journal of Geodynamics 30 (2000) 229-250
61. Radbruch-Hall D. Gravitational creep of rock masses on slopes. In: Voight B. (Ed). Rockslides and Avalanches - Natural Phenomena. Developments in Geotechnical Engineering vol. 14 (1978), Elsevier, Amsterdam 608-657
62. Ratschbacher L. Kinematics of Austro-Alpine cover nappes: changing translation path due to transpression. Tectonophysics 125 (1986) 335-356
63. Ratschbacher L., Frisch W., Neubauer F., Schmid S., and Neugebauer J. Extension in orogenic belts: the eastern Alps. Geology 17 (1989) 404-407
64. Reinecker, J., Heidbach, O., Tingay, M., Sperner, B., Müller, B., 2005. The release 2005 of the World Stress Map (available online at www.world-stress-map.org).
65. Savage W.Z., and Smith W.K. A model for the plastic flow of landslides. USG Professional Paper 1385 (1986) 32 pp.
66. Schlunegger F., and Hinderer M. Crustal uplift in the Alps: why the drainage pattern matters. Terra Nova 13 (2001) 425-432
67. Schmid S.M., and Froitzheim N. Oblique slip and block rotation along the Engadine Line. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 86 (1993) 569-593
68. Schmid S.M., and Haas R. Transition from near surface thrusting to intrabasement decollement, Schlinig thrust, Eastern Alps. Tectonics 8 (1989) 697-718
69. Selverstone J. Evidence for E-W crustal extension in the Eastern Alps: implications for the unroofing history of the Tauern Window. Tectonics 7 (1988) 87-105
70. Slejko D., Carulli G.B., Nicolich R., Rebez A., Zanferrari A., Cavallin A., Doglioni C., Carraro F., Castaldini D., Iliceto V., Semenza E., and Zanolla C. Seismotectonics of the eastern-southern Alps: a review. Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata 31 122 (1989) 109-136
71. Sölva H., Grasemann B., Thöni M., Thiede R., and Habler G. The Schneeberg Normal Fault Zone: normal faulting associated with Cretaceous SE-directed extrusion in the Eastern Alps (Italy/Austria). Tectonophysics 401 3-4 (2005) 143-166
72. Sue C., and Tricart P. Widespread post-nappe normal faulting in the internal Western Alps: a new constraint on arc dynamics. Journal of the Geological Society (London) 159 (2002) 61-70
73. Swisstopo, 2007. GeoKarten (Geologie, Tektonik, Hydrogeologie) 1:500000 - Vektordaten. Swiss Federal Office of Topography, CD-ROM.
74. Tesauro M., Hollenstein C., Egli R., Geiger A., and Kahle H.G. Analysis of central western Europe deformation using GPS and seismic data. Journal of Geodynamics 42 (2006) 194-209
75. Thöni M. A review of geochronological data from the Eastern Alps. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 79 (1999) 169-201
76. Thöni M., and Hoinkes G. The Austroalpine unit west of the Hohe Tauern: The Otztal-Stubai complex as an example for the Eoalpine metamorphic evolution. The southern Otztal basement: geochronological and petrological consequences of Eoalpine metamorphic overprinting. In: Flugel H.W., and Faupl P. (Eds). Geodynamics of the Eastern Alps, Verlag 1.418 (1987) 200-213
77. Varnes D.J., Radbruch-Hall D., and Savage W.Z. Topographic and structural conditions in areas of gravitational spreading of ridges in the Western United States. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1496 (1989) 28 pp.
78. Varnes D.J., Radbruch-Hall D., Varnes K.L., Smith W.K., and Savage W.Z. Measurement of ridge-spreading movements (sackungen) at Bald Eagle Mountain, Lake County, Colorado, 1975-1989. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-543 (1990) 13 pp.
79. Viola G., Mancktelow N.S., and Seward D. Late Oligocene-Neogene evolution of Europe-Adria collision: new structural and geochronological evidence from the Giudicarie fault system (Italian Eastern Alps). Tectonics 20 (2001) 999-1020
80. Viola G., Mancktelow N.S., Seward D., Meier A., and Martin S. The Pejo fault system; an example of multiple tectonic activity in the Italian Eastern Alps. Geological Society of America Bulletin 115 5 (2003) 515-532
81. Westaway R. Seismic moment summation for historical earthquakes in Italy: tectonic implications. Journal of Geophysical Research 97 B11 (1992) 15437-15464
82. Zanchi A., Gregnanin A., Corona-Chavez P., Frassoni A., and Guido S. Recent brittle deformation in the Central-Western Alps, Italy. IGCP378, Circumalpine Quaternary Correlations. Southern Alps Quaternary Geology, Lugano, 2-6 October 1995 (1995)