The evolution of thoracolumbar injury classification systems

Spine Journal

Volumn 9, Issue 9, 2009, Pages 780-788

  Sethi, Manish K ^a   Schoenfeld, Andrew J ^a   Bono, Christopher M ^a   Harris, Mitchel B ^a  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Classification systems; Evolution; Interobserver reliability; Rating scales; Spine trauma; Thoracolumbar fractures; Validity

Indexed keywords

BIOMECHANICS; CASE STUDY; CERVICAL SPINE FRACTURE; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DISEASE COURSE; HUMAN; INJURY SCALE; INTERRATER RELIABILITY; INTRARATER RELIABILITY; LIGAMENT INJURY; MEDICAL PERSONNEL; MEDICAL RESEARCH; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PHYSICIAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RATING SCALE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; REVIEW; THORACOLUMBAR SPINE; VALIDITY;

HUMANS; LUMBAR VERTEBRAE; SPINAL FRACTURES; THORACIC VERTEBRAE; TRAUMA SEVERITY INDICES;

EID: 68749093832     PISSN: 15299430     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2009.04.003     Document Type: Review

References (32)

1. Bono C.M., Vaccaro A.R., Hurlbert R.J., et al. Validating a newly proposed classification system for thoracolumbar spine trauma: looking to the future of the thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score. J Orthop Trauma 20 (2006) 567-572
2. Boehler L. Die Techniek der Knochenbruchbehandlung im Grieden und im Kriege (1930), Vienna, Austria:Verlag von Wilheim Maudrich 9-11
3. Watson-Jones R. The results of postural reduction of fractures of the spine. J Bone Joint Surg Am 20 (1938) 567-586
4. Eastlack R.K., and Bono C.M. Fractures and dislocations of the thoracolumbar spine. In: Bucholz R.W., Heckman J.D., and Court-Brown C. (Eds). Rockwood and Green's fractures in adults. 6th ed (2006), Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA 1543-1582
5. Nicoll E.A. Fractures of the dorso-lumbar spine. J Bone Joint Surg Br 31 (1949) 376-394
6. Singh K., Kim D., and Vaccaro A.R. Thoracic and lumbar spinal injuries. In: Herkowitz H.N., Garfin S.R., Eismont F.J., Bell G.R., and Balderston R.A. (Eds). Rothman-Simenone the spine. 5th ed. (2006), Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA 1132-1156
7. Holdsworth F. Fractures, dislocations, and fracture-dislocations of the spine. J Bone Joint Surg Am 52 (1970) 1534-1551
8. Kelly R.P., and Whitesides Jr. T.E. Treatment of lumbodorsal fracture dislocations. Ann Surg 167 (1968) 705-717
9. Whitesides Jr. T.E. Traumatic kyphosis of the thoracolumbar spine. Clin Orthop Relat Res 128 (1977) 78-92
10. Denis F. The three column spine and its significance in the classification of acute thoracolumbar spinal injuries. Spine 8 (1983) 817-831
11. Decoulx P., and Rieunau G. Fractures of the dorsolumbar spine without neurological disorders. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot 44 (1958) 254-322
12. Roy-Camille R., Saillant G., Marie-Anne S., and Mamoudy P. Treatment of vertebral fractures and dislocations of the thoracolumbar area. Orthopade 9 (1980) 63-68
13. James K.S., Wenger K.H., Schlegel J.D., and Dunn H.K. Biomechanical evaluation of the stability of thoracolumbar burst fractures. Spine 19 (1994) 1731-1740
14. Agus H., Kayali C., and Arslantas M. Nonoperative treatment of burst type thoracolumbar vertebra fractures: clinical and radiological results of 29 patients. Eur Spine J 14 (2004) 536-540
15. Wood K.B., Khanna G., Vaccaro A.R., et al. Assessment of two thoracolumbar fracture classification systems as used by multiple surgeons. J Bone Joint Surg Am 87 (2005) 1423-1429
16. McAfee P.C., Yuan H.A., Fredrickson B.E., and Lubicky J.P. The value of computed tomography in thoracolumbar fractures: an analysis of one hundred consecutive cases and a new classification. J Bone Joint Surg Am 65 (1983) 461-473
17. In: White III A.A., and Panjabi M.M. (Eds). Clinical biomechanics of the spine (1978), JB Lippincot, Philadelphia, PA
18. Mirza S.K., Mirza A.J., Chapman J.R., and Anderson P.A. Classifications of thoracic and lumbar fractures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 10 (2002) 364-377
19. Ferguson R.L., and Allen Jr. B.L. A mechanistic classification of thoracolumbar spine fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res 189 (1984) 77-88
20. McCormack T., Karaikovic E., and Gaines R.W. The load sharing classification of spine fractures. Spine 19 (1994) 1741-1744
21. Magerl F., Aebi M., Gertzbein S.D., et al. A comprehensive classification of thoracic and lumbar injuries. Eur Spine J 3 (1994) 184-201
22. Blauth M., Bastian L., Knop C., et al. Inter-observer reliability in the classification of thoracolumbar spinal injuries. Orthopade 28 (1999) 662-681
23. Oner F.C., van Gils A.P., Dhert W.J., and Verbout A.J. MRI findings of thoracolumbar spine fractures: a categorisation based on MRI examinations of 100 fractures. Skeletal Radiol 28 (1999) 433-443
24. Vaccaro A.R., Lehman Jr. R.A., Hurlbert R.J., et al. A new classification of thoracolumbar injuries: the importance of injury morphology, the integrity of the posterior ligamentous complex, and neurologic status. Spine 30 (2005) 2325-2333
25. Haba H., Taneichi H., Kotani Y., et al. Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging for detecting posterior ligamentous complex injury associated with thoracic and lumbar fractures. J Neurosurg 99 (2003) 20-26
26. Lee H.M., Kim H.S., Kim D.J., et al. Reliability of magnetic resonance imaging in detecting posterior ligament complex injury in thoracolumbar spinal fractures. Spine 25 (2000) 2079-2084
27. Williams R.L., Hardman J.A., and Lyons K. MR imaging of suspected acute spinal instability. Injury 29 (1998) 109-113
28. Vaccaro A.R., Zeiller S.C., Hulbert R.J., et al. The thoracolumbar injury severity score: a proposed treatment algorithm. J Spinal Disord Tech 18 (2005) 209-215
29. Whang P.G., Vaccaro A.R., Poelstra K.A., et al. The influence of fracture mechanism and morphology on the reliability and validity of two novel thoracolumbar injury classification systems. Spine 32 (2007) 791-795
30. Raja Rampersaud Y., Fisher C., Wilsey J., et al. Agreement between orthopaedic surgeons and neurosurgeons regarding a new algorithm for the treatment of thoracolumbar injuries: a multicenter reliability study. J Spinal Disord Tech 19 (2006) 477-482
31. Harrop J.S., Vaccaro A.R., Hurlbert R.J., et al. Intrarater and interrater reliability and validity in the assessment of the mechanism of injury and integrity of the posterior ligamentous complex: a novel injury severity scoring system for thoracolumbar injuries. Invited submission from the Joint Section Meeting On Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves, March 2005. J Neurosurg Spine 4 (2006) 118-122
32. Patel A.A., Vaccaro A.R., Albert T.J., et al. The adoption of a new classification system: time-dependent variation in interobserver reliability of the thoracolumbar injury severity score classification system. Spine 32 (2007) E105-E110