The Colonies strike back: The impact of the third world on Western Europe, 1968-1975

Contemporary European History

Volumn 16, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 299-319

  Garavini, Giuliano ^a  

^a NONE   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 68649129026     PISSN: 09607773     EISSN: 14692171     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0960777307003955     Document Type: Review

References (108)

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11. Quoted in Hugo Young, This Blessed Plot: Britain and Europe from Churchill to Blair (London: Macmillan, 1989), 157
12. Andrew Moravcsik, The Choice for Europe: Social Purpose and State Power from Messina to Maastricht (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998)
13. Lacoste argues that the term 'Tiers monde' was used for the first time by the French sociologist Albert Sauvy in an article in the Nouvel Observateur in 1952
14. Yves Lacoste, Unité et diversité du Tiers Monde (Paris: La Découverte-Hérodote, 1984), 184
15. Umberto Melotti, Razzismo ed etnocentrismo nella cultura italiana di oggi, in Terzo Mondo, 2 (1968), 30-55
16. Frantz Fanon, Les damnés de la terre (Paris: François Maspero, 1961), 79
17. Matthew Connelly, A Diplomatic Revolution: Algeria's War for Independence and the Origins of the Post-Cold War Era (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003)
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19. Regis Debray, Revolución en la Revolución (Havana: Casas de las Américas, 1967)
20. Herbert Marcuse, One-Dimensional Man (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1964)
21. Formerly the SDS was the student organisation of the German Social Democratic Party (SPD), butit was expelled from the SPD for its radical position after the Bad Godesberg congress
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27. Mark Kurlansky, 1968: The Year that Rocked the World (New York: Ballantine, 2004), 9
28. Jeremy Suri, Power and Protest. Global Revolution and the Rise of Détente (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003), 176
29. Teodori, Le nuove sinistre, 365
30. Laurent Joffrin, Mai 68. Histoire des Evénements (Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1988), 19
31. Peppino Ortoleva, Saggio sui movimenti del 1968 in Europa e in America (Rome: Editori Riuniti, 1988), 35
32. Giovanni Arrighi and Immanuel Wallerstein, Antisystemic Movements (Rome:Manifestolibri, 1992), 77
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35. Centro di informazioni universitarie, Documenti della rivolta studentesca francese (Bari: Laterza, 1969), 47. All translations of quotations from untranslated sources are by the author
36. Nigel Young, An Infantile Disorder? The Crisis and Decline of the New Left (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1977), 163
37. Rudi Dutschke, 'Le contraddizioni del tardocapitalismo, gli studenti antiautoritari e il loro rapporto con il terzo mondo', in Bergman, La ribellione, 132-3
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45. Between 1821 and 1915 more than 46 million people abandoned their homeland, the majority of whom were Europeans emigrating to the United States: Patrick O'Brian, 'L'Europa e il Terzo Mondo', in Storia d'Europa (Turin: Einaudi, 1996), V, 1308
46. Craig A. Parsons, Immigration and the Transformation of Europe (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006)
47. James Foreman-Peck, 'l'Europa conquista il mondo', in Storia d'Europa, 1308, 1421
48. Klaus J. Bade, Migration in European History (Oxford: Blackwell, 2003), 217-18
49. Federico Romero, Emigrazione e integrazione europea 1945-1973 (Milan: Edizioni Lavoro, 1991)
50. Mark Mazower, Dark Continent: Europe's Twentieth Century (London: Allen Lane, 1998), 325
51. Massimo Livi Bacci, La popolazione nella storia d'Europa (Bari: Laterza, 1998), 235
52. Paul Bairoch, Storia economica e sociale del mondo. Vittorie ed insuccessi dal XVI secolo ad oggi (Turin: Einaudi, 1999), 1042
53. Umberto Melotti, 'Migrazioni internazionali e integrazione sociale: il caso italiano e le esperienze europee', in Immigrazione in Europa (Rome: Centro Europeo di Scienze Sociali, 1993), 35
54. Melotti states that at the end of the 1960s in West Germany Italians numbered 575,000, Yugoslavians 515,000, Turks 470,000 and Greeks 350,000; in France Algerians numbered 650,000, Spanish 617,000, Italians 615,000, Moroccans 145,000, Tunisians 90,000 and other Africans 55,000; in the United Kingdom, Irish and other Europeans numbered 740,000, West Indians 270,000, Indians 240,000 and Pakistanis 75,000
55. Anthony Sutcliffe, 'Cold War and Common Market: Europe 1945-1973', in Anthony Sutcliffe and Derek Aldcroft, eds., Europe in the International Economy: 1500 to 2000 (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 1999), 198
56. John Carr, 'Coping with an Army of Foreign Workers', Financial Times, 8 Oct. 1973
57. Leo Lucassen, The Immigrant Threat. The Integration of Old and New Migrants in Western Europe since 1850 (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2005), 215-18
58. Edoardo Martino, Déclaration au 'Colloque syndical européen sur les pays en voie de développement et la Communauté', La Communauté européenne et les pays en voie de développement (Luxembourg, 21 May 1970), Historical Archives of the European Union (HAEU), EM 158
59. David Allen, 'The Euro-Arab Dialogue', Journal of Common Market Studies, 4 (1977), 323-42
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61. Fernand Braudel, La Méditerranée. L'espace et l'histoire (Paris: Arts et métiers graphiques, 1977)
62. Enrico Pugliese, 'Extracomunitari e neocomunitari', La Rivista del Manifesto, June 2004, 40
63. There is a growing literature on the tendency after the 1980s to build a 'fortress Europe' against immigration. See Marie-Claire Coloz-Tschopp, Les étrangers aux frontières de l'Europe, et le spectre des camps (Paris: La Dispute, 2004)
64. Geoffrey Barraclough, ed., The Times Atlas of World History (London: Times Books, 1978)
65. Hobsbawm, Age of Extremes, 503
66. Hans Magnus Enzensberger, Questioni di dettaglio (Milan: Feltrinelli, 1965), 191
67. Ali Ahmed Attiga, Interdependence on the Oil Bridge: Risks and Opportunities (Kuwait: Petroleum Information Committee of the Arab Gulf States, 1988), 10
68. Bairoch, Storia economica, 1134-6
69. Pierre Jalée, Le pillage du tiers monde (Paris: François Maspero, 1965), 27. In 1961 the Third World produced 139,000 tons of tin out of a total world production of 165,000 tons; it extracted 17 million of the 25 million tons of world production of bauxite; and produced 70 per cent of world's diamonds
70. Paul Bairoch, Economics and World History: Myths and Paradoxes (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1993)
71. See Attiga, Interdependence on the Oil Bridge
72. Daniel Yergin, The Prize. The Epic Quest for Oil Money and Power (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991)
73. Jean-Marie Chevalier, Le nouvel enjeu petrolier (Paris: Calmann-Levy, 1973)
74. Leonardo Maugeri, L'era del petrolio (Milan: Feltrinelli, 2006)
75. Giorgio Casadio, 'Presente e futuro delle materie prime', Politica Internazionale, 3 (1974), 36
76. Marcello Colitti, 'Lo sviluppo condizionato dalla logica del profitto', Politica Internazionale, 9 (1974), 42
77. 'Questo ricco, ricco, Terzo Mondo', Politica Internazionale, 12 (1973)
78. Yergin, Prize, 616
79. Edward Hallett Carr, What is History?, 2nd edn (London: Penguin Books, 1990), 4-5
80. Guido Crainz, Il paese mancato. Dal miracolo economico agli anni ottanta (Rome: Donzelli, 2003), 441-2
81. 'Letters to the Editor', Financial Times, 27 Oct. 1973
82. Piero Bevilacqua, 'Il secolo planetario. Tempi e scansioni per una storia dell'ambiente', in Claudio Pavone, ed., Novecento. I tempi della storia (Rome: Donzelli, 1997), 144-5
83. Barry Commoner, The Closing Circle: Nature, Man and Technology (New York: Knopf, 1971)
84. Gaetano Arfé, ed., Brandt, Kreiski, Palme: Quale Socialismo per l'Europa (Cosenza: Lerici, 1976)
85. John Lewis Gaddis, We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), 154
86. Karl P. Sauvant, The Group of 77 (Oxford: Oceana, 1981)
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88. David Kenneth Fieldhouse, The West and the Third World: Trade, Colonialism, Dependence and Development (London: Blackwell, 1999)
89. Samir Amin, Accumulation à l'échelle mondiale (Paris: Anthropos, 1970)
90. Dani Rodrik, 'Globalization, Social Conflict and Economic Growth', 8th Raul Prebisch Lecture UNCTAD, 24 October 1997
91. David Morawetz, Twenty-five Years of Economic Development 1950 to 1975 (Washington, DC: World Bank, 1977), 26
92. Alexandra B. Keith, Letter to Dr. Raul Prebisch (2 May 1968), United Nations Office at Geneva Archives (UNOG), UNCTAD Papers, ARR 40/2344, File 43
93. Jagdish Bhagwati, The New International Economic Order: the North-South Debate (Cambridge,MA: MIT Press, 1977)
94. Stephen Krasner, Structural Conflict: The Third World against Global Liberalism (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985)
95. Report on the First Part of the 4th Session of the Trade Council UNCTAD, 20 August-14 September 1974, Historical Archives of the European Commission (HAC), BAC 25/1980, n. 987
96. European Navigator (www.ena.lu), 'Qui est Mansholt? Quel est son plan?', RTL (Film), 8 April 1972
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98. Bulletin des Communautés européennes, Déclaration du Sommet de Paris, no.10 (October 1972), 15-16
99. Jean-Marie Palayret, 'Mondialisme contre régionalisme: CEE et ACP dans les negotiations de la Convention de Lomé', in Antonio Varsori, ed., Inside the European Community. Actors and Policies in European Integration 1957-1973 (Baden-Baden and Brussels: Nomos-Bruylant, 2006)
100. Marie-Claude Smouts, ed., La politique extérieure de Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (Paris: Presses de Science Politiques, 1985), 268
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102. Antonio Varsori, 'Alle origini di un modello sociale europeo: la Comunità europea e la nascita di una politica sociale (1969-1974)', Ventunesimo Secolo, 9 (2006)
103. Jürgen Habermas, The Postnational Constellation (Cambridge: Polity, 2001)
104. Some examples of this approach are Jacques Huntzinger, Europes (Paris: Editions Ramsay, 1978)
105. Jean Marie Benoist, Pavane pour une Europe défunte (Paris: Honfleur, 1976)
106. Raymond Aron, In difesa di un'Europa decadente (Milan: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 1977)
107. Jean François Deniau, l'Europe interdit (Paris: 1977); and Mario Zagari, Superare le sfide (Milan: Rizzoli, 1976)
108. Giuliano Garavini, 'The Battle for the Participation of the European Community in the G7 (1975-1977)', Journal of European Integration History, 23 (2006)