Real-world energy use and emission rates for idling long-haul trucks and selected idle reduction technologies

Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association

Volumn 59, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 857-864

  Frey, H Christopher ^a   Kuo, Po Yao ^a  

^a North Carolina State University   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AUXILIARY POWER SYSTEMS; CARBON DIOXIDE; CARBON MONOXIDE; CONTROL SYSTEMS; FUELS; SULFUR DIOXIDE; TRUCKS;

AUXILIARY POWER UNITS; ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNITS; EMISSION MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS; EMISSIONS REDUCTION; HYDROCARBON EMISSION; OXIDES OF NITROGEN; REVOLUTIONS PER MINUTES; SUBSTANTIAL REDUCTION;

AUTOMOBILE ENGINES;

CARBON DIOXIDE; CARBON MONOXIDE; FUEL; HYDROCARBON; NITROGEN OXIDE; SULFUR DIOXIDE; GASOLINE;

ARTICLE; DIESEL ENGINE; ENERGY CONSERVATION; ENERGY CONSUMPTION; EXHAUST GAS; MEASUREMENT; MOTOR VEHICLE; PARTICULATE MATTER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; EQUIPMENT DESIGN;

CONSERVATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; GASOLINE; MOTOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE EMISSIONS;

EID: 68649109612     PISSN: 10962247     EISSN: 21622906     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3155/1047-3289.59.7.857     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Lim, H. Study of Exhaust Emissions from Idling Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks and Commercially Available Idle-Reducing Devices; EPA420-R-02-025; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, DC, 2002.
2. EPA SmartWay Transport Partnership, Download Data; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Ann Arbor, MI, 2008; available at http://www.epa.gov/smartway/ (accessed September 20, 2008).
3. National Energy Policy: Report of the National Energy Policy Development Group; U.S. Office of the Vice President; The White House: Washington, DC, 2001; available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/energy/National- Energy-Policy.pdf (accessed September 20, 2008).
4. Lindsey, C.; Kim, J. Summary of Operations: Fleet Demonstrations of Shorepower Truck Electrified Parking on the I-87 Northway: Final Report; New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) Agreement No. 7209; Prepared by Antares Group and Shurepower for NYSERDA: Albany, NY, 2005; available at http://www.nyserda.org/publications/ I87TSEDemonstrationReportDec05.pdf (accessed September 20, 2008).
5. Brodrick, C.-J.; Dwyer, H.A.; Farshchi, M.; Harris, D.B.; King, F.G. Effects of Engine Speed and Accessory Load on Idling Emissions from Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck Engines; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2002, 52, 1026-1031.
6. Khan, A.S.; Clark, N.N.; Thompson, G.J.; Wayne, W.S.; Gautam, M.; Lyons, D.W. Idle Emissions from Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles: Review and Recent Data; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2006, 56, 1404-1419.
7. Lutsey, N.; Brodrick, C.-J.; Sperling, D.; Oglesby, C. Heavy-Duty Truck Idling Characteristics: Results from a Nationwide Truck Survey; Trans. Resour. Rec. 2004, 1880, 29-38.
8. McCormick, R.L.; Graboski, M.S.; Alleman, T.L.; Yanowitz, J. Idle Emissions from Heavy-Duty Diesel and Natural Gas Vehicles at High Altitude; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2000, 50, 1992-1998.
9. Stodolsky, F.; Gaines, L.; Vyas, A. Analysis of Technology Options to Reduce the Fuel Consumption of Idling Trucks; ANL/ESD-43; Argonne National Laboratory: Argonne, IL, 2000.
10. Storey, J.M.E.; Thomas, J.F.; Lewis, S.A., Sr.; Dam, T.Q.; Edwards, K.D.; Devault, G.L.; Retrossa, D.J. Particulate Matter and Aldehyde Emissions from Idling Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks. Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Technical Paper 2003-01-0289; SAE: Warrendale, PA, 2003; pp 39-48; available at http://www.epa.gov/smartway/documents/pmteststudy.pdf (accessed September 20, 2008).
11. Cummins APU Payback Calculator; Cummins: Fridley, MN, 2008; available at http://www.cumminsonan.com/apu/products/payback/ (accessed September 20, 2008).
12. IdleBuster Product Information; Idlebuster: Odessa, FL, 2008; available at http://www.idlebuster.com/ib/Products/IdleBusterProductsHome/ tabid/60/Default.aspx (accessed September 20, 2008).
13. Auxiliary Power Units: Model 3APU-HC; Kohler: Kohler, WI, 2008; available at http://www.kohlerpower.com/onlinecatalog/pdf/g3047.pdf (accessed September 20, 2008).
14. Auxiliary Power Units: Model 7APU; Kohler: Kohler, WI, 2008; available at http://www.kohlerpower.com/onlinecatalog/pdf/g3048.pdf (accessed May 20, 2008).
15. Technology Comparison; Pony Pack: Albuquerque, NM, 2008; available at http://www.ponypack.com/images/PPUpdatedTechCompa.pdf (accessed September 20, 2008)
16. DOE Program on Parasitic Energy Loss Reduction for Class 7/8 Trucks: Heavy Vehicle System Optimization. Presented at the U.S. Department of Energy's Heavy Vehicle Systems Review; Argonne National Laboratory: Argonne, IL, 2006; available at http://www1.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/pdfs/hvso-2006/21- lane.pdf (accessed September 20, 2008).
17. Summary of Operations: Truck Stop Electrification Facilities on the New York State Thruway: Final Report; New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) Agreement Number 6282; Prepared for the NYSERDA, Albany, NY, by Antares Group: Landover, MD, 2005; available at http://www.nyserda.org/publications/I-90TSEDemonstrationReportJan05.pdf (accessed September 20, 2008).
18. Perrot, T.L.; Constantino, M.S.; Kim, J.C.; Tario, J.D.; Hutton, D.B.; Hagon, C. Truck Stop Electrification as a Long-Haul Idling Alternative. Presented at the 2004 Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board; National Academies: Washington, DC, 2004; available at http://www.epa.gov/ smartway/documents/dewitt-study.pdf (accessed September 20, 2008).
19. Pekula, N.; Kuritz, B.; Hearne, J.; Marchese, A.J.; Hesketh, R.P. The Effect of Ambient Temperature, Humidity, and Engine Speed on Idling Emissions from Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks. Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Technical Paper 2003-01-0290; SAE: Warrendale, PA, 2003; pp 49-59.
20. Frey, H.C.; Unal, A.; Chen, J.; Li, S.; Xuan, C. Methodology for Developing Modal Emission Rates for EPA's Multi-Scale Motor Vehicle and Equipment Emission Estimation System; EPA420-R-02-027; Prepared for the Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, MI, by North Carolina State University: Raleigh, NC, 2002.
21. OEM-2100 Montana System Operational Manual; Clean Air Technologies International: Buffalo, NY, 2003.
22. Frey, H.C.; Rasdorf, W.; Kim, K.; Pang, S.-H.; Lewis, P.; Abolhassani, S. Real-World Duty Cycles and Utilization for Construction Equipment in North Carolina; HWY-2006-08; Prepared for North Carolina Department of Transportation, Raleigh, NC, by North Carolina State University: Raleigh, NC, 2007.
23. Environmental Technology Verification Report: Clean Air Technologies International, Inc. REMOTE On-Board Emissions Monitor; Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, by Battelle: Columbus, OH, 2003.
24. Annual Energy Review 2006; DOE/EIA-0384; U.S. Department of Energy; Energy Information Administration: Washington, DC, 2007.
25. Electric Power Annual 2006; DOE/EIA-0348; U.S. Department of Energy; Energy Information Administration: Washington, DC, 2007.
26. Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sink: 1990-2006; EPA 430-R-08-005; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, DC, 2008; available at http://epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/downloads/of-CR.pdf (accessed September 30, 2008).
27. National Emissions Inventory (NEI) Air Pollutant Emissions Trends Data; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, DC, 2008; available at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/trends (accessed September 30, 2008).
28. Frey, H.C.; Kuo, P.Y.; Villa, C. Methodology for Characterization of Long-Haul Truck Idling Activity under Real-World Conditions; Transport. Res. 2008, 13, 516-523.
29. Dieckmann, J.; Mallory, D. Study of Long-Term Options for Electric Vehicle Air Conditioning; Report No. EGG-EP-9831; DOE Contract No. DE-AC07-76ID01570; Prepared by Arthur D. Little, Boston, MA, for EG&G Idaho and Idaho National Engineering Laboratory: Idaho Falls, ID, 1991.
30. Yavuzturk, C.; Ksaibati, K.; Chiasson, A.D. Assessment of Temperature Fluctuations in Asphalt Pavements due to Thermal Environmental Conditions Using a Two-Dimensional, Transient Finite-Difference Approach; J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 2005, 17, 465-475.
31. Zhao, Y.; Frey, H.C. Quantification of Variability and Uncertainty for Censored Data Sets and Application to Air Toxic Emission Factors; Risk Anal. 2004, 24, 1019-1034.
32. Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel: Summary Results of ULSD Quality and Availability; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, DC, 2007; available at http://www.epa.gov/compliance/civil/caa/ ultralowsulfurdieselfuel.html (accessed September 20, 2008).