A new approach for outcrop characterization and geostatistical analysis of a low-sinuosity fluvial-dominated succession using digital outcrop models: Upper triassic oukaimeden sandstone formation, central high Atlas, Morocco

American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin

Volumn 93, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 795-827

  Fabuel Perez, Ivan ^a,b   Hodgetts, David ^a   Redfern, Jonathan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^b Exxon Mobil   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT; STOCHASTIC SYSTEMS;

EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIPS; FACIES DISTRIBUTION; GEOSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS; INNOVATIVE METHODOLOGIES; QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS; QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION; SANDSTONE FORMATIONS; THREEDIMENSIONAL (3-D);

UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS;

GEOSTATISTICS; OUTCROP; QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS; SANDSTONE; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; SUCCESSION; TRIASSIC; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; ZONATION;

AFRICA; ATLAS MOUNTAINS; HIGH ATLAS; MOROCCO; NORTH AFRICA; TADLA-AZILAL;

EID: 68649085659     PISSN: 01491423     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1306/02230908102     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Alexander, J., 1993, A discussion on the use of analogs for reservoir geology, in M. Ashton, ed., Advances in reservoir geology: Geological Society Special Publication 69, p. 175-194.
2. Armand, C, J. Beauchamp, P. Biron, J. Ganeval, and J. P. Petit, 1980, Quelques aspects de l'environment tectono-sédimentaire des molasses permo-triasiques du Haut-Atlas: l'exemple du bassin du N'Fis: Mines Géologie et Energie Rabat, v. 48, p. 69-75.
3. Beauchamp, J., and J. P. Petit, 1983, Sédimentation ettaph-rogenèse triasique au Maroc: l'exemple du Haut-Atlas de Marrakech: Bulletin du Centre de Recherche Elf Exploration-Production (Elf-Aquitaine), v. 7, no. 1, p. 389-397.
4. Beauchamp, J., B. Courtinat, C. Desteucq, J. Ferrandini, P. Potherat, C. Roy-Dias, and J. P. Sagon, 1985, The Autuno-Stephanian of OT6 Borehole in the eastern Haouz of Marrakech, preliminary studies: Actes du col-loque "Bassins sedimentaires marocains": Bulletin De l'lnstitut Scientifique, Rabat, v. 9, p. 11-20.
5. Bellian, J. A., C. Kerans, and D. C. Jennette, 2005, Digital outcrop models: Applications of terrestrial scanning LiDAR technology in stratigraphic modeling: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 75, p. 166-176, doi:10.2110 /jsr.2005.013.
6. Benaouiss, N., L. Courel, and J. Beauchamp, 1996, Rift-controlled fluvial/tidal transitional series in the Oukaime-den sandstones, High Atlas of Marrakesh (Morocco): Sedimentary Geology, v. 107, no. 1-2, p. 21-36, doi:10.1016 /S0037-0738(96)00013-9.
7. Biron, P., 1982, Le Permo-Trias de la région de l'Ourika (Haut-Atlas de Marrakech, Maroc): Thèse 3rd cycle, Université de Grenoble, France, 170 p.
8. Biron, P., and B. Courtinat, 1982, Contribution palynologi-que à la connaissance du Trias du Haut Atlas de Marrakech, Geobios (Villeurbanne), v. 15, no. 2, p. 231-235.
9. Bridge, J. S., and S! D. Mackey, 1993, A theoretical study of fluvial sandstone body dimensions, in S. S. Flint and I. D. Byant, eds., Geological modeling of hydrocarbon reservoirs: International Association of Sedimentology Special Publication 15, p. 213-236.
10. Bridge, J. S., and R. S. Tye, 2000, Interpreting the dimensions of ancient fluvial channel bars, channels, and channel belts from wireline logs and cores: AAPG Bulletin, v. 84, p. 1205-1228.
11. Buckley, S. J., J. A. Howell, H. D. Enge, and T. H. Kurz, 2008, Terrestrial laser scanning in geology: Data acquisition, processing and accuracy considerations: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 165, p. 625-638, doirlO.l 144 /0016-76492007-100.
12. Cousminer, H., and W. Manspeizer, 1976, Triassic pollen data Moroccan High Atlas and the incipient rifting of Pangea as middle Carnian: Science, v. 191, p. 943-945, doi: 10.1126/science. 191.4230.943.
13. Cuevas-Gozalo, M. C, and A. W. Martinius, 1993, Outcrop data-base for the geological characterization of fluvial reservoirs: An example from distal fluvial fan deposits in the Loranca Basin, Spain, in C. P. North and D. J. Prosser, eds., Characterization of fluvial and eolian reservoirs: Geological Society Special Publication 73, p. 79-94.
14. Dreyer, T., L. M. Fait, R. K. Høy, R. Steel, and J. L. Cuevas, 1993, Sedimentary architecture of field analogs from reservoir information (SAFARI): A case study of the fluvial Escanilla Formation, Spanish Pyrenees, in S. S. Flint and I. D. Bryant, eds., The geological modeling of hydrocarbon reservoirs and outcrop analogs: International Association of Sedimentologists Special Publication 15, p. 57-80.
15. Dubrule, O., 1994, Estimating or choosing a geostatistical model?, in R. Dimitrakopoulos, ed., Geostatistics for the next century: Dordrecht, Holland, Kluver Academic Publishers, p. 3-14.
16. Dutuit, J. M., 1976, Où en est la stratigraphie à base paléon-tologique de la formation rouge d'Argana (Atlas occidental): Comptes Rendus Sommaire Societe Géologi-que France, v. 6, p. 272-273.
17. El-Arabi, E. H., J. Ferrandini, and R. Essamound, 2003, Triassic stratigraphy and structural evolution of a rift basin: The Eç Cour Basin, High Atlas of Marrakech, Morocco: Journal of African Earth Sciences, v. 36, no. 1-2, p. 29-39, doi: 10.1016/S0899-5362(03)00020-4.
18. Ellouz, N., M. Patriat, J. M. Gaulier, R. Bouatmani, and S. Sabounji, 2003, From rifting to Alpine inversion: Me-sozoic and Cenozoic subsidence history of some Moroccan basins: Sedimentary Geology, v. 156, no. 1-4, p. 185-212, doi:10.1016/S0037-0738(02)00288-9.
19. Enge, H. D., S. J. Buckley, A. Rotevatn, and J. A. Howell, 2007, From outcrop to reservoir simulation model: Workflow and procedures: Geosphere, v. 3, no. 6, p. 469-490, doi:10.1130/GES00099.1.
20. Fabuel-Perez, I., 2008, 3D reservoir modeling of Upper Triassic continental fluvial systems, integration of digital outcrop models with high-resolution sedimentoloy: Central High Atlas, Morocco: Ph.D. thesis, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, 300 p.
21. Falivene, O., P. Arbues, A. Gardiner, G. Pickup, J. A. Muñoz, and L. Cabrera, 2006, Best practice stochastic facies modeling from a channel-fill turbidite sandstone analog (the Quarry outcrop, Eocene Ainsa Basin, northeast Spain): AAPG Bulletin, v. 90, p. 1003-1029, doi:10.1306 /02070605112.
22. Fielding, C. R., and R. C. Crane, 1987, An application of statistical modeling to the prediction of hydrocarbon recovery factors in fluvial sequences, in F. G. Ethridge, R. M. Flores, and M. D. Harvey, eds., Recent developments in fluvial sedimentology: SEPM Special Publication 39, p. 321-327.
23. Friend, P. F., M. J. Slater, and R. C. Williams, 1979, Vertical and lateral building of river sandstone bodies, Ebro Basin, Spain: Geological Society of London, v. 136, p. 39-46, doi:10.1144/gsjgs.l36.1.0039.
24. Gibling, M. R., 2006, Width and thickness of fluvial channel bodies and valley fills in the geological record: A literature compilation and classification: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 76, p. 731-770, doi:10.2110/jsr.2006.060.
25. Hirst, P. P., 1991, Variations in alluvial architecture across the Oligo-Miocene Huesca fluvial system, Ebro Basin, Spain, in A. D. Miall and N. Tyler, eds., The three-dimensional facies architecture of terrigenous clastic sediments and its implications for hydrocarbon discovery and recovery: SEPM Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology, v. 3, p. 111-121.
26. Hunter, R. E., 1977, Basic types of stratification in small eolian dunes: Sedimentology, v. 24, p. 361-387, doi: 10.1111 /j.l365-3O91.1977.tbOO128.x.
27. Jennette, D., F. Bonnaffe, R. Bouroullec, and C. Kilic, 2004, Application of lasers to build models of deep-water reservoirs: Insights from the Solitary Channel, Tabernas Basin, southern Spain (extended abs.), in European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers 66th Conference and Exhibition, Paris, June 7-10, no. A-030, 5 p.
28. Klingbeil, R., S. Kleineidam, U. Asprion, T. Aigner, and G. Teutsch, 1999, Relating lithofacies to hydrofacies: Outcrop-based hydrogeological characterization of Quaternary gravel deposits: Sedimentary Geology, v. 129, p. 299-310, doi:10.1016/S0037-0738(99)00067-6.
29. Kocurek, G., and R. H. J. Dott, 1981, Distinctions and uses of stratification types in the interpretation of eolian sand: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 51, p. 579-595.
30. Labourdette, R., and R. R. Jones, 2007, Characterization of fluvial architectural elements using a three-dimensional outcrop data set: Escanilla braided system, south-central Pyrenees, Spain: Geosphere, v. 3, p. 422-434, doi: 10 .113O/GESOOO87.1.
31. Laville, E., and A. Piqué, 1991, La distension crustale atlantique et atlasique au Maroc au debut du Mésozoïque: Le rejeu des structures hercyniennes: Bulletin de la Societe Géologique de France, v. 162, no. 6, p. 1161-1171.
32. Lunt, I. A., J. S. Bridge, and R. S. Tye, 2004, A quantitative, three-dimensional depositional model of gravelly braided rivers: Sedimentology, v. 51, p. 377-414, doi:10.1 111 /j.1365-3091.2004.00627.x.
33. Manspeizer, W., J. H. Puffer, and H. L. Cousminer, 1978, Separation of Morocco and eastern North America: A Triassic record: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 89, p. 901-921, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1978) 89<901 :SOMAEN>2.0.CO;2.
34. Mattis, A. F., 1977, Non-marine Triassic sedimentation, central High Atlas, Morocco: Journal Sedimentary Petrology, v. 47, p. 107-119.
35. Miall, A. D., 1985, Architectural-elements analysis: A new method of facies analysis applied to fluvial deposits: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 22, p. 261-308, doi:10 .1016/0012-8252(85)90001-7.
36. Miall, A. D., 1988, Architectural elements and bounding surfaces in fluvial deposits: Anatomy of the Kayenta Formation (Lower Jurassic), southwest Colorado: Sedimentary Geology, v. 55, p. 233-262, doi:10.1016/0037-0738 [88)90133-9.
37. North, C. P., and K. S. Taylor, 1996, Ephemeral-fluvial deposits: Integrated outcrop and simulation studies reveal complexity: AAPG Bulletin, v. 80, p. 811-830.
38. Olsen, P. E., D. V. Kent, M. Et-Touhami, and J. H. Puffer, 2003, Cyclo-, magneto-, and bio-stratigraphic constraints on the duration of the CAMP event and its relationships to the Triassic-Jurassic boundary, the Central Atlantic magmatic province: Insights from fragments of Pangea: Geophysical Monograph Series, v. 136, p. 7-32.
39. Petit, J. P., and J. Beauchamp, 1986, Synsedimentary faulting and paleocurrent patterns in the Triassic sandstones of the High Atlas (Morocco): Sedimentology, v. 33, p. 817-829, doi:10.1111/j.l365-3091.1986.tb00984.x.
40. Pringle, J. K., J. A. Howell, D. Hodgetts, A. R. Westerman, and D. M. Hodgson, 2006, Virtual outcrop models of petroleum reservoir analogs: A review of the current state-of-the-art: First Break, v. 24, p. 33-42.
41. Reynolds, A. D., 1999, Dimensions of paralic sandstone bodies: AAPG Bulletin, v. 83, p. 211-229, doi:10 .1306/0OAA9A48-1730-11D7-8645O001O2C1865D.
42. Robinson, J. A., and P. J. McCabe, 1997, Sandstone-body and shale-body dimensions in a braided fluvial systems: Salt Wash Sandstone Member (Morrison Formation), Garfield County, Utah: AAPG Bulletin, v. 81, p. 1257-1291.
43. Taj-Eddine, K., and R. Pignone, 2005, L'Ourika: Haut Atlas-Haouz de Marrakech, Maroc: Un patrimoine geologique, biologique et culturel exceptionnel, Florence: Società Elaborazioni Cartografiche, scale 1:60.000, 1 sheet.
44. Van Houten, F. B., 1977, Triassic-Liassic deposits of Morocco and eastern North America: Comparison: AAPG Bulletin, v. 61, no. 1, p. 79-99.
45. Willis, B. J., 1989, Paleochannel reconstructions from point bar deposits: A three-dimensional perspective: Sedimentology, v. 36, p. 757-766, doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.1989.tbOl 744.x.