Forgotten phenomenon of materials selection and use in geothermal energy applications

Materials at High Temperatures

Volumn 24, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 351-363

  Lichti, Keith A ^a  

^a Quest Reliability LLC New Zealand   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Geothermal energy

Indexed keywords

AGGRESSIVE ENVIRONMENT; DESIGN GUIDELINES; ENERGY PLANT; EXPERIMENTAL TESTING; MATERIAL COMBINATION; MATERIALS AND PROCESS; MATERIALS SELECTION; NEW ZEALAND;

MATERIALS TESTING; PROCESS ENGINEERING; SAFETY ENGINEERING;

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY;

EID: 68349153893     PISSN: 09603409     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3184/096034007X282702     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Marshall, T. and Hugill, A.J. Corrosion by Low-Pressure Geothermal Steam. 12th Annual Conference, National Association of Corrosion Engineers (1956).
2. Marshall, T. Stress Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steel in Geothermal Steam. 13th Annual Conference, National Association of Corrosion Engineers, March (1957).
3. Foster, P.K., Marshall, T. and Tombs, A. Corrosion Investigations in Hydrothermal Media at Wairakei. UN Conference (1961).
4. Foster, P.K. and Tombs, A. Corrosion by Hydrothermal Fluids. NZ Journal of Science, Vol. 5, No. 1, March (1962).
5. Foster, P.K. Some Aspects of Hydrogen Infusion into Steels Exposed to Hydrothermal Media. Australasian Corrosion Engineering, Vol. 6, No. 10, October (1962).
6. Marshall, T. Corrosion Control in Geothermal Power Production. Australasian Corrosion Assoc. Auckland (1962).
7. Marshall, T. and Tombs, A. Delayed Fracture of Geothermal Bore Casing Steels. Conference of the Australasian Corrosion Assoc. (1968).
8. Marshall, T. and Braithwaite, W.R. Corrosion Control in Geothermal Systems. Earth Sciences, 12 (1973).
9. Stacey, R.E. and Thain, I.A. 25 Years of Operation at Wairakei Power Station. Proc. 5th NZ Geo. Workshop, pp. 108-114 (1980).
10. Marshall, T. Geothermal Corrosion, Metals Australasia, April (1981).
11. Lichti, K.A. and Bacon, L.G. Corrosion in Wairakei Steam Pipelines, 20th New Zealand Geothermal Workshop (1998).
12. Braithwaite, W.R. and Lichti, K.A. Surface Corrosion of Metals in Geothermal Fluids at Broadlands, New Zealand. ASTM STP 717 (1980).
13. Lichti, K.A. and Wilson, P.T. Materials Testing in Geothermal Steam. International Symposium on Solving Corrosion and Scaling Problems in Geothermal Systems. San Francisco, California, January 17 - 20 (1983).
14. Lichti, K.A., Driver, P.M., Wells, D.B. and Wilson, P.T. Mobile Corrosion Test Facility: Commissioning Trials, Geothermal Steam, 2.5wt% Gas. In: Proceedings of 7th NZ Geothermal Workshop, Auckland, November, pp. 97 -102 (1985).
15. Dunstall, M.G. 2000- 2005 New Zealand Country Update, Proc. World Geothermal Congress 2005, Antalya, Turkey, 24 - 29 April (2005).
16. Sanada, N., Kurata, Y., Nanjo, H., Kim, H., Ikeuchi, J. and Lichti, K.A. Materials Performance in Deep and Acidic Geothermal Wells, World Geothermal Congress, 2000, Kyushu-Tohoku, Japan, May 28 - June 10 (2000).
17. Lichti, K.A., Klumpers, A. and Sanada, N. Utilisation of Acidic Geothermal Well Fluids - Progress to 2002, printed in NZ Geothermal Workshop Proceedings (2003).
18. Dunstall, M.G. 2002- 2005 New Zealand Country Update, Proc. World Geothermal Congress 2005, Antalya, Turkey, 24 - 29 April (2005).
19. Bertani, R. World Geothermal Power Generation, Geothermics, Vol 34, No 6, pp. 651 - 690, December (2005).
20. NACE MR0175 (1975 to 2001) Standard Material Requirement for Sulfide Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistant Metallic Materials for Oilfield Equipment.
21. 2S-containing Environments in oil and gas production - Part 1: General principles for selection of cracking-resistant materials, First edition, NACE International/ISO.
22. 2S-containing Environments in oil and gas production -Part 2: Cracking resistant carbon and low alloy steels, and the use of cast irons, First edition, 2003-12-15, NACE International/ISO (2003).
23. 2S-containing Environments in oil and gas production -Part 3: Cracking-resistant CRAs (corrosion-resistant-alloys) and other alloys, First edition, 2003-12-15, NACE International/ISO (2003).
24. Lichti, K.A., Wilson, P.T. and Inman, M.E. Corrosivity of Kawerau Geothermal Steam. Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, Vol. 21, p. 25, September/October (1997).
25. Inman, M.E. Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Geothermal Systems, PhD Thesis, University of Auckland, New Zealand (1994).
26. Lichti, K.A., Vera Cruz, R.P. and Fernandez, N.A. Risk Based Inspection of Turbine Inlet Steam Pipeline, Geothermal Resources Council Transactions (2003).
27. Lichti, K.A., Bijnen, H. and McIlhone, P.G. Pitting Corrosion and SCC of Some Engineering Alloys in Aggressive chloride/sulfide Environments. Proc. of Australasian Corrosion Association Conf. 24, 19 - 23 November, Rotorua, New Zealand (1984).
28. Lichti, K.A., Johnson, C.A., McIlhone, P.G.H. and Wilson, P.T. Corrosion of Iron-Nickel Base and Titanium Alloys in Aerated Geothermal Fluids. Proc. World Geothermal Congress, Vol. 4, 18 -31 May, Florence, Italy, 2375 (1995).
29. McAdam, G.D., Lichti, K.A. and Soylemezoglu, S. Hydrogen in Steel Exposed to Geothermal Fluids. Geothermics, 10(2), 115 (1981).
30. Lichti, K.A., Firth, D.M. and Karstensen, A. Hydrogen Induced Cracking Of Low Strength Steel Pressure Vessels, Proc. World Geothermal Congress 2005, Antalya, Turkey, 24 - 29 April (2005).
31. Villa, R.R., Siega, F.L., Olivar, M.M.M., Salonga, N.D., Ogena, M.S., Garcia, S.E., Bunning, B.C., Lichti, K.A., White, S.P. and Sanada, N. A Demonstration of the Feasability of Acid Well Utilization: The Philippines' Well MG-9D Experience, PNOC-EDC Geothermal Conference, pp. 25 - 32 (2000).
32. Gardner, A.B., Rivera, N.N., Santos, R.M., Toreja, J.S., Villasenor, L.B. and Gallup, D.L. Mitigation of Corrosion in an Acid producing Well at Tiwi Geothermal Field, PNOC EDC Geothermal Conference (2001).
33. Rivera, E.S., Sequeira, H.G. and Ruiz, O.V. Commercial production of Acid Wells at the Miravalles Geothermal Field, Costa Rica, World Geothermal Congress, 2000, Kyushu-Tohoku, Japan, May 28 - June 10 (2000).
34. Gallup, D.L. and Farison, J.R. Testing of Materials in Corrosive Wells at the Geysers Geothermal Field, Proc. 20th NZ Geothermal Workshop, pp. 331 - 339 (1998).
35. Lichti, K.A., Swann, S.J., White, S.P., Sanada, N., Kurata, Y., Nanjo, H., Ikeuchi, J. and Christenson, B. Corrosion in Volcanic gases, Proc. NEDO International Geothermal Symposium, March 11 & 12, 1997, Sendai, Japan.
36. Ikeuchi, private communication.