Density-dependent growth rate in an age-structured population: A field study on stream-dwelling brown trout Salmo trutta

Journal of Fish Biology

Volumn 74, Issue 10, 2009, Pages 2196-2215

  Kaspersson, R ^a   Hojesjo J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Competition; Fish; Intercohort; Movement; Survival; Winter

Indexed keywords

FRESH WATER;

AGE DISTRIBUTION; ANIMAL; ARTICLE; FEMALE; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; MALE; POPULATION DENSITY; SEASON; SWEDEN; TROUT;

AGE DISTRIBUTION; ANIMALS; FEMALE; FRESH WATER; MALE; POPULATION DENSITY; SEASONS; SWEDEN; TROUT;

SALMO TRUTTA;

EID: 68349144181     PISSN: 00221112     EISSN: 10958649     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02227.x     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Alanärä, A., Burns, M. D. & Metcalfe, N. B. (2001). Intraspecific resource partitioning in brown trout: the temporal distribution of foraging is determined by social rank. Journal of Animal Ecology 70, 980 986.
2. Amundsen, P. A., Gabler, H. M. & Riise, L. S. (2001). Intraspecific food resource partitioning in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr in a subarctic river. Aquatic Living Resources 14, 257 265.
3. Armstrong, J. D. (2005). Spatial variation in population dynamics of juvenile Atlantic salmon: implications for conservation and management. Journal of Fish Biology 67, 35 52. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2005.00929.x
4. Armstrong, J. D. & Griffiths, S. W. (2001). Density-dependent refuge use among over-wintering wild Atlantic salmon juveniles. Journal of Fish Biology 58, 1524 1530. doi: 10.1006/jfbi.2001.1554 (Pubitemid 32602342)
5. Armstrong, J. D., Kemp, P. S., Kennedy, G. J. A., Ladle, M. & Milner, N. J. (2003). Habitat requirements of Atlantic salmon and brown trout in rivers and streams. Fisheries Research 62, 143 170.
6. Begon, M., Harper, J. L. & Townsend, C. R. (1996). Ecology: Individuals, Populations and Communities. Cambridge : Blackwell Scientific Publications.
7. Berg, O. K. & Bremset, G. (1998). Seasonal changes in the body composition of young riverine Atlantic salmon and brown trout. Journal of Fish Biology 52, 1272 1288.
8. Blanchet, S., Dodson, J. J. & Brosse, S. (2006). Influence of habitat structure and fish density on Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. territorial behaviour. Journal of Fish Biology 68, 951 957. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006. 00970.x
9. Bohlin, T. (1977). Habitat selection and intercohort competition of juvenile sea-trout Salmo trutta. Oikos 29, 112 117.
10. Bohlin, T., Hamrin, S., Heggberget, T. G., Rasmussen, G. & Saltveit, S. J. (1989). Electrofishing - theory and practice with special emphasis on salmonids. Hydrobiologia 173, 9 43.
11. Bohlin, T., Dellefors, C. & Faremo, U. (1993). Optimal time and size for smolt migration in wild sea trout (Salmo trutta). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, 224 232.
12. Bohlin, T., Sundström, L. F., Johnsson, J. I., Höjesjö, J. & Pettersson, J. (2002). Density-dependent growth in brown trout: effects of introducing wild and hatchery fish. Journal of Animal Ecology 71, 683 692. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2002.00631.x (Pubitemid 34842161)
13. Bremset, G. & Berg, O. K. (1997). Density, size-at-age, and distribution of young Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) in deep river pools. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, 2827 2836.
14. Bremset, G. & Berg, O. K. (1999). Three-dimensional microhabitat use by young pool-dwelling Atlantic salmon and brown trout. Animal Behaviour 58, 1047 1059.
15. Bremset, G. & Heggenes, J. (2001). Competitive interactions in young Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in lotic environments. Nordic Journal of Freshwater Research 75, 127 142.
16. Brown, J. H. & Maurer, B. A. (1986). Body size, ecological dominance and Cope's rule. Nature 324, 248 250.
17. Burnet, A. M. R. (1959). Some observations on natural fluctuations of trout population numbers. New Zealand Journal of Science 2, 410 421.
18. Claessen, D., De Roos, A. M. & Persson, L. (2000). Dwarfs and giants: cannibalism and competition in size-structured populations. American Naturalist 155, 219 237.
19. Cunjak, R. A., Prowse, T. D. & Parrish, D. L. (1998). Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in winter: "the season of parr discontent"? Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55 (Suppl. 1 161 180.
20. Cushing, J. M. & Li, J. (1991). Juvenile versus adult competition. Journal of Mathematical Biology 29, 457 473.
21. Davey, A. J. H., Hawkins, S. J., Turner, G. F. & Doncaster, C. P. (2005). Size-dependent microhabitat use and intraspecific competition in Cottus gobio. Journal of Fish Biology 67, 428 443. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2005.00736. x
22. Dellefors, C. & Faremo, U. (1988). Early sexual maturation in males of wild sea trout, Salmo trutta L., inhibits smoltification. Journal of Fish Biology 33, 741 749.
23. Ebenman, B. (1987). Niche differences between age classes and intraspecific competition in age-structured populations. Journal of Theoretical Biology 124, 25 33.
24. Einum, S., Sundt-Hansen, L. & Nislow, K. H. (2006). The partitioning of density-dependent dispersal, growth and survival throughout ontogeny in a highly fecund organism. Oikos 113, 489 496.
25. Eitam, A., Blaustein, L. & Mangel, M. (2005). Density and intercohort priority effects on larval Salamandra salamandra in temporary pools. Oecologia 146, 36 42.
26. Elliott, J. M. (1985). Population regulation for different life-stages of migratory trout Salmo trutta in a Lake District stream, 1966-1983. Journal of Animal Ecology 54, 617 638.
27. Elliott, J. M. (1990). Mechanisms responsible for population regulation in young migratory trout Salmo trutta. III. The role of territorial behaviour. Journal of Animal Ecology 59, 803 818.
28. Elliott, J. M. (1994). Quantitative Ecology and the Brown Trout. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
29. Elliott, J. M. (2002). Shadow competition in wild juvenile sea-trout. Journal of Fish Biology 61, 1268 1281. doi: 10.1006/jfbi.2002.2154
30. Enquist, M. & Leimar, O. (1983). Evolution of fighting behaviour: decision rules and assessment of relative strength. Journal of Theoretical Biology 102, 387 410.
31. Fausch, K. D. (1984). Profitable stream positions for salmonids: relating specific growth rate to net energy gain. Canadian Journal of Zoology 62, 441 451.
32. Fausch, K. D. (1998). Interspecific competition and juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): on testing effects and evaluating the evidence across scales. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55 (Suppl. 1 218 231.
33. Finstad, A. G., Ugedal, O., Forseth, T. & Næsje, T. F. (2004). Energy-related juvenile mortality in a northern population of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, 2358 2368. (Pubitemid 40654017)
34. Finstad, A. G., Einum, S., Forseth, T. & Ugedal, O. (2007). Shelter availability affects behaviour, size-dependent and mean growth of juvenile Atlantic salmon. Freshwater Biology 52, 1710 1718.
35. Fleming, I. A. (1996). Reproductive strategies of Atlantic salmon: ecology and evolution. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 6, 379 416.
36. Gibson, R. J. (1993). The Atlantic salmon in fresh water: spawning, rearing and production. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 3, 39 73.
37. Gowan, C., Young, M. K., Fausch, K. D. & Riley, S. C. (1994). Restricted movement in resident stream salmonids: a paradigm lost? Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51, 2626 2637.
38. Grant, J. W. A. (1997). Territoriality. In Behavioural Ecology of Teleost Fishes (Godin, J.-G. J. J., ed.), pp. 81 103. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
39. Grant, J. W. A. & Kramer, D. L. (1990). Territory size as a predictor of the upper limit to population density of juvenile salmonids in streams. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47, 1724 1737.
40. Greenberg, L., Svendsen, P. & Harby, A. (1996). Availability of microhabitats and their use by brown trout (Salmo trutta) and grayling (Thymallus thymallus) in the River Vojman, Sweden. Regulated Rivers: Research and Management 12, 287 303.
41. Gregory, J. S. & Griffith, J. S. (1996). Aggressive behaviour of underyearling rainbow trout in simulated winter concealment habitat. Journal of Fish Biology 49, 237 245.
42. Griffiths, S. W. & Armstrong, J. D. (2002). Kin-biased territory overlap and food sharing among Atlantic salmon juveniles. Journal of Animal Ecology 71, 480 486. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2002.00614.x (Pubitemid 34544065)
43. Hamrin, S. F. & Persson, L. (1986). Asymmetrical competition between age classes as a factor causing population oscillations in an obligate planktivorous fish species. Oikos 47, 223 232.
44. Harwood, A. J., Metcalfe, N. B., Griffiths, S. W. & Armstrong, J. D. (2002). Intra- and inter-specific competition for winter concealment habitat in juvenile salmonids. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59, 1515 1523.
45. Harwood, A. J., Armstrong, J. D., Metcalfe, N. B. & Griffiths, S. W. (2003). Does dominance status correlate with growth in wild stream-dwelling Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)? Behavioral Ecology 14, 902 908.
46. Heggenes, J. (1988). Effect of experimentally increased intraspecific competition on sedentary adult brown trout (Salmo trutta) movement and stream habitat choice. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45, 1163 1172.
47. Heggenes, J., Krog, O. M. W., Lindås, O. R., Dokk, J. G. & Bremnes, T. (1993). Homeostatic behavioural responses in a changing environment: brown trout (Salmo trutta) become nocturnal during winter. Journal of Animal Ecology 62, 295 308.
48. Higgins, P. J. (1985). Metabolic differences between Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr and smolts. Aquaculture 45, 33 53.
49. Hixon, M. A., Pacala, S. W. & Sandin, S. A. (2002). Population regulation: historical context and contemporary challenges of open vs. closed systems. Ecology 83, 1490 1508.
50. Höjesjö, J., Johnsson, J. I. & Bohlin, T. (2002). Can laboratory studies on dominance predict fitness of young brown trout in the wild? Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 52, 102 108.
51. Huusko, A., Greenberg, L., Stickler, M., Linnansaari, T., Nykänen, M., Vehanen, T., Koljonen, S., Louhi, P. & Alfredsen, K. (2007). Life in the ice lane: the winter ecology of stream salmonids. River Research and Applications 23, 469 491.
52. Imre, I., Grant, J. W. A. & Cunjak, R. A. (2005). Density-dependent growth of young-of-the-year Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in Catamaran Brook, New Brunswick. Journal of Animal Ecology 74, 508 516. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005. 00949.x (Pubitemid 40771930)
53. Jenkins, T. M. (1969). Social structure, position choice and micro-distribution of two trout species (Salmo trutta and Salmo gairdneri) resident in mountain streams. Animal Behaviour Monographs 2, 57 123.
54. Jenkins, T. M., Diehl, S., Kratz, K. W. & Cooper, S. D. (1999). Effects of population density on individual growth of brown trout in streams. Ecology 80, 941 956.
55. Johnsson, J. I. & Åkerman, A. (1998). Watch and learn: preview of the fighting ability of opponents alters contest behaviour in rainbow trout. Animal Behaviour 56, 771 776.
56. Johnsson, J. I., Nöbbelin, F. & Bohlin, T. (1999). Territorial competition among wild brown trout fry: effects of ownership and body size. Journal of Fish Biology 54, 469 472.
57. Johnsson, J. I., Winberg, S. & Sloman, K. A. (2006). Social interactions. In Behaviour and Physiology of Fish (Sloman, K. A., Wilson, R. W. & Balshine, S., eds), pp. 151 196. London : Elsevier Academic Press.
58. Kalleberg, H. (1958). Observations in a stream tank of territoriality and competition in juvenile salmon and trout (Salmo salar L. and Salmo trutta L.). Report of the Institute of Freshwater Research Drottningholm 39, 55 98.
59. Keddy, P. A. (2001). Competition. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers.
60. Kelly-Quinn, M. & Bracken, J. J. (1989). Survival of stocked hatchery-reared brown trout, Salmo trutta L., fry in relation to the carrying capacity of a trout nursery stream. Aquaculture Research 20, 211 226.
61. Lima, S. L. & Dill, L. M. (1990). Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation: a review and prospectus. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, 619 640.
62. Lobon-Cervia, J. (2007). Density-dependent growth in stream-living brown trout Salmo trutta L. Functional Ecology 21, 117 124. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2435. 2006.01204.x (Pubitemid 46095645)
63. Mäki-Petäys, A., Erkinaro, J., Niemelä, E., Huusko, A. & Muotka, T. (2004). Spatial distribution of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in a subarctic river: size-specific changes in a strongly seasonal environment. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, 2329 2338.
64. Metcalfe, N. B. (1998). The interaction between behavior and physiology in determining life history patterns in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55, 93 103.
65. Metcalfe, N. B. & Thorpe, J. E. (1992). Anorexia and defended energy levels in over-wintering juvenile salmon. Journal of Animal Ecology 61, 175 181.
66. Mullen, D. M. & Burton, T. M. (1995). Size-related habitat use by longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae). American Midland Naturalist 33, 177 183.
67. Mullen, D. M. & Burton, T. M. (1998). Experimental tests of intraspecific competition in stream riffles between juvenile and adult longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 76, 855 862.
68. Nakano, S. (1995). Individual differences in resource use, growth and emigration under the influence of a dominance hierarchy in fluvial red-spotted masu salmon in a natural habitat. Journal of Animal Ecology 64, 75 84.
69. Nisbet, R. M. & Onyiah, L. C. (1994). Population dynamic consequences of competition within and between age classes. Journal of Mathematical Biology 32, 329 344.
70. Nislow, K. H., Folt, C. L. & Parrish, D. L. (2000). Spatially explicit bioenergetic analysis of habitat quality for age-0 Atlantic salmon. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 129, 1067 1081.
71. Nordwall, F. (1999). Movements of brown trout in a small stream: effects of electrofishing and consequences for population estimates. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 19, 462 469.
72. Nordwall, F., Näslund, I. & Degerman, E. (2001). Intercohort competition effects on survival, movement, and growth of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in Swedish streams. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58, 2298 2308.
73. Orpwood, J. E., Griffiths, S. W. & Armstrong, J. D. (2003). Effects of body size on sympatric shelter use in over-wintering juvenile salmonids. Journal of Fish Biology 63 (Suppl. A 166 173. doi: 10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003. 00206.x
74. Persson, L. (1985). Asymmetrical competition: are larger animals competitively superior? American Naturalist 126, 261 266.
75. Persson, L., Leonardsson, K., De Roos, A. M., Gyllenberg, M. & Christensen, B. (1998). Ontogenetic scaling of foraging rates and the dynamics of a size-structured consumer-resource model. Theoretical Population Biology 54, 270 293.
76. Rodrí guez, M. A. (2002). Restricted movement in stream fish: the paradigm is incomplete, not lost. Ecology 83, 1 13.
77. Schlosser, I. J. (1987). The role of predation in age- and size-related habitat use by stream fishes. Ecology 68, 651 659.
78. Schmitt, R. J. & Holbrook, S. J. (1999). Mortality of juvenile damselfish: implications for assessing processes that determine abundance. Ecology 80, 35 50.
79. Schultz, E. T. & Conover, D. O. (1997). Latitudinal differences in somatic energy storage: adaptive responses to seasonality in an estuarine fish (Atherinidae: Menidia menidia). Oecologia 109, 516 529.
80. Sinclair, A. R. E. (1989). Population regulation in animals. In Ecological Concepts (Cherrett, J. M., ed.), pp. 197 241. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications.
81. Sundström, L. F., Bohlin, T. & Johnsson, J. I. (2004). Density-dependent growth in hatchery-reared brown trout released into a natural stream. Journal of Fish Biology 65, 1385 1391. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2004. 00537.x (Pubitemid 39547767)
82. Szabo, A. R. (2002). Experimental tests of intercohort competition for food and cover in the tidepool sculpin (Oligocottus maculosus Girard). Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, 137 144.
83. Valdimarsson, S. K. & Metcalfe, N. B. (1998). Shelter selection in juvenile Atlantic salmon, or why do salmon seek shelter in winter? Journal of Fish Biology 52, 42 49.
84. Vehanen, T., Mäki-Petäys, A., Aspi, J. & Muotka, T. (1999). Intercohort competition causes spatial segregation in brown trout in artificial streams. Journal of Fish Biology 55, 35 46.
85. Webb, J., Verspoor, E., Aubin-Horth, N., Romakkaniemi, A. & Amiro, P. (2007). The Atlantic salmon. In The Atlantic Salmon: Genetics, Conservation and Management (Verspoor, E., Stradmeyer, L. & Nielsen, J. L., eds), pp. 17 56. Oxford : Blackwell Publishing.
86. Webster, M. S. (2004). Density dependence via intercohort competition in a coral-reef fish. Ecology 85, 986 994.
87. Werner, E. E. & Gilliam, J. F. (1984). The ontogenetic niche and species interactions in size-structured populations. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 15, 393 425.
88. Wootton, R. J. (1998). Ecology of Teleost Fishes. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers.