Field survey of desiccation fissuring of flood embankments

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Water Management

Volumn 162, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 221-232

  Dyer, Mark ^a   Utili, Stefano ^b   Zielinski, Marcin ^b  

^a TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Embankments; Floods floodworks; Site investigation

Indexed keywords

CLAY FILLS; CRITICAL CONDITION; FIELD SURVEYS; FILL MATERIALS; FLOOD EMBANKMENTS; FLOOD WATERS; HIGH RATE; INTERCONNECTED NETWORK; LABORATORY STUDIES; MOISTURE CONTENTS; NORTH SEA; PRESSURE PLATE; SITE INVESTIGATION; SLOPE FAILURE; SOIL-WATER CHARACTERISTIC CURVE; SURFACE LAYERS;

CANALS; CLAY MINERALS; EMBANKMENTS; FLOODS; RAILROAD TRACKS; SEEPAGE; SLOPE STABILITY; SOIL MOISTURE; UNDERWATER SOILS;

HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES;

CRACKING; CRITICAL ANALYSIS; DESICCATION; EMBANKMENT; FIELD SURVEY; FISSURE; FLOOD DAMAGE; FLOODING; LABORATORY METHOD; PERMEABILITY; SEEPAGE; SITE INVESTIGATION; SLOPE FAILURE;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; NORTH SEA;

EID: 68349142005     PISSN: 17417589     EISSN: 17517729     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1680/wama.2009.162.3.221     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. COOLING L. F and MARSLAND A. Soil mechanics studies of failures in the sea defence banks of Essex and Kent. Proceedings of the ICE Conference on the North Sea Floods of 31 January/1 February 1953, Institution of Civil Engineers, London, 1953, pp. 58-73.
2. MARSLAND A. The Shrinkage and Fissuring of Clay in Flood Banks. Building Research Station, Watford, 1968, Internal report No. 39/68.
3. MARSLAND A. and COOLING L. F. Tests on Full Scale Clay Flood Bank to Study Seepage and the Effects of Overtopping. Building Research Station, Watford, 1958, Internal report No. C562.
4. DYER M. Performance of flood embankments in England and Wales. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Water Management, 2004, 157, No. 4, 177-186.
5. DYER M. and GARDENER R. Geotechnical Performance of Flood Defence Embankment. Environment Agency, Bristol, 1996, R&D technical report W35.
6. MORRIS M., DYER M., SMITH P., FALKINGHAM J. and SIMMS J. Management of Flood Defences. Defra/EA, London, 2007, R&D report FD2411.
7. PYLARCZYK K. W. (ed.) Dykes and Revetments. Design, Maintenance and Safety Assessment. Balkema, Rotterdam, 1998.
8. PERRY J., PEDLEY M. and REID M. Infrastructure Embankments: Conditions Appraisal and Remedial Treatments. CIRIA, London, 2001, Report C550.
9. HEWLETT H. W. M., BOORMAN L. A. and BRAMLEY M. E. Design of Reinforced Grass Waterways. CIRIA, London, 1987, Report 116.
10. HEMPHILL R. W. and BRAMLEY M. E. Protection of Rivers and Canal Banks. Butterworths, London, 1989.
11. ENVIRONMENT AGENCY. Waterways Bank Protection: A Guide to Erosion Assessment and Management. EA, Bristol, 1999, R&D publication 11, version 1.0.
12. MEADOWCROFT I. C., MORRIS M. W., ALLSOP N. W. H. and MCCONNELL K. Tollesbury Managed Set Back Experiment. HR Wallingford, Wallingford, 1996, R&D report TR 5.
13. MARSLAND A. and RANDOLPH M. F. A study of the variations and effects of pore water pressures in the pervious strata at Crayford Marshes. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Geotechnique, 1978, 28, No. 4, 435-464.
14. HIRD C. C., MARSLAND A. and SCHOFIELD A. N. The development of centrifuge models to study the influence of uplift pressures on the stability of a flood bank. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Géotechnique, 1978, 28, No. 1, 85-106.
15. PADFIELD C. J. and SCHOFIELD A. N. Development of centrifugal models to study the influence of uplift pressures on stability of a floodbank. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Geotechnique, 1983, 33, No. 1, 57-66.
16. KONRAD J. M. and AYAD R. Desiccation of sensitive clay: field experimental observations. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1997, 34, No. 6, 929-942.
17. BLIGHT G. E. Interactions between the atmosphere and the Earth. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Géotechnique, 1997, 47, No. 4, 715-767.
18. NAHLAWI H. and KODIKARA J. K. Laboratory experiments on desiccation cracking of thin soil layers. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 2006, 24, No. 6, 1641-1664.
19. KODIKARA J. K., NAHLAWI H. and BOUAZZA A. Modelling of curling in desiccating clay. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2004, 41, No. 3, 560-566.
20. AUBENY C. P. and LYTTON R. L. Shallow slides in compacted high plasticity clay slopes. ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2004, 130, No. 7, 717-727.
21. DAY R. W. Surficial stability of compacted clay: case study. ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 1994, 120, No. 11, 1980-1990.
22. HEWLETT H. W. M., BOORMAN L. A., BRAMLEY M. E. and WHITEHEAD E. Reinforcement of Steep Grassed Waterways. CIRIA, London, 1985, Technical note 120.
23. TECHNICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR FLOOD DEFENCE. Technical Report: Erosion Resistance of Grassland as Dike Covering. TAW, Delft, 1997.
24. TECHNICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR FLOOD DEFENCE. Grass Cover as a Dike Revetment. TAW, Delft, 1999.
25. COPPIN N. J. and RICHARDS I. G. Use of Vegetation in Civil Engineering. Butterworths/CIRIA, London, 1990.
26. SMETHURST J. A., CLARKE D. and POWRIE W. Seasonal changes in pore water pressure in a grass-covered cut slope in London Clay. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Gé otechnique, 2006, 56, No. 8, 523-537.
27. VAUGHAN P. R., KOVACEVIC N. and POTTS D. M. Then and now: some comments on the design and analysis of slopes and embankments. Advances in Geotechnical Engineering Proceedings of the Skempton Conference, London, 2004, Vol. 1, pp. 241-290.
28. TAKE W. A. and Bolton M. D. Identification of seasonal slope behaviour mechanisms from centrifuge case studies. Advances in Geotechnical Engineering: Proceedings of the Skempton Conference, London, 2004, Vol. 2, pp. 992-1004.
29. NYAMBAYO V. P., POTTS D. M. and ADDENBROOKE T. I. The influence of permeability on the stability of embankments experiencing seasonal cyclic pore water pressure changes. Advances in Geotechnical Engineering: Proceedings of the Skempton Conference, London, 2004, Vol. 2, pp. 898-910.
30. O'BRIEN A. S., ELLIS E. A. and RUSSELL D. Old railway embankment clay fill: laboratory experiments, numerical modeling and field behaviour. Advances in Geotechnical Engineering: Proceedings of the Skempton Conference, London, 2004, Vol. 2, pp. 911-921.
31. DYER M. Further tests on the fissuring of clay fill at the Thorngumbald flood embankment. Proceedings of an International Symposium on Advanced Experimental Unsaturated Soil Mechanics (TARANTINO A., ROMERO E. and CUI Y. J. (eds)). Taylor & Francis, London, 2005, pp. 501-504.
32. COULSON B. The Effect of Fine Fissuring of Clay on the Stability of Flood Defence Embankments. MEng final year report, University of Durham, Durham, 2003.