Compromised health and welfare of bears farmed for bile in China

Animal Welfare

Volumn 18, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 225-235

  Loeffler, I K ^a   Robinson, J ^b   Cochrane, G ^c  

^a INTERNATIONAL FUND FOR ANIMAL WELFARE   (United States)

^b Animals Asia Foundation Ltd   (Hong Kong)

^c Tai Wai   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

Animal welfare; Asiatic black bear; Bear bile; Bile farming; China; Gall bladder

Indexed keywords

ZUCLOPENTHIXOL DECANOATE;

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL CARE; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL HEALTH; ANIMAL HOUSING; ANIMAL TISSUE; ANIMAL WELFARE; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; BEAR; CHINA; CHOLECYSTECTOMY; FARM ANIMAL; GALLBLADDER DISEASE; MENTAL STRESS; NONHUMAN; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PHYSICAL STRESS;

ANIMALIA; URSUS AMERICANUS; URSUS THIBETANUS;

EID: 68349091333     PISSN: 09627286     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Associated Press 2006 Four Chinatown merchants arrested for selling bear bile. The Herald: Monterey, CA, USA. http://www.montereyherald.com/mld/ montereyherald/15735325.htm
2. Bergeron R, Badnell-Waters A, Lambton S and Mason GJ 2006 Sterotypic oral behaviour in captive ungulates: foraging, diet and gastrointestinal function. In: Mason GJ and Rushen J (eds) Stereotypic Animal Behaviour: Fundamentals and Applications to Welfare pp 19-57. CABI: Oxfordshire, UK
3. Broom DM 1991 Animal welfare: concepts and measurement. Journal of Animal Science 69: 4167-4175
4. Carlstead K, Seidensticker J and Baldwin R 1991 Environmental enrichment for zoo bears. Zoo Biology 10: 3-16
5. Chapman RW 1999 Risk factors for biliary tract carcinogenesis. Annals of Oncology 10: S308-S311 (Pubitemid 29333457)
6. Chiang G 2007 What's that red label in the TCM shop? Singapore News: Singapore
7. Diedrich J 2007 Bear bile sends US agents to home. Journal Sentinel: Milwaukee, Wl, USA. http:// www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=627812
8. Fan Z and Song Y 1999 The development of bear farming in China. In: Williamson DF and Phipps MJ (eds) Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on the Trade in Bear Parts pp 100-109. 26-28 October 1999, Seoul, South Korea
9. Farm Animal Welfare Council 2007 Report on Stockmanship and Farm Animal Welfare. Farm Animal Welfare Council: London, UK. www.fawc.org.uk/freedoms.htm; www.fawc.org.uk/pdf/stockmanship-report0607.pdf
10. Garshelis DL and Steinmetz R 2008 Ursus thibetanus, Asiatic black bear. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Available from http://www.iucnredlist.org. (accessed March 2009)
11. Green MJB, Taylor PM, Xu HFY and Lee SKH 2006 A framework for assessing the sustainability of wildlife farming in China. In: McNeely JAM, McCarthy T, Smith A, Olsvig-Whittaker L and Wickramanayake ED (eds) Conservation Biology in Asia pp 427-449. Society of Conservation Biology Asia Section and Resources Himalaya Foundation: Kathmandu, Nepal
12. Green WH, Campbell M, David R 1984 Psychosocial dwarfism: a critical review of the evidence. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry 23: 39-48 (Pubitemid 14056331)
13. Latham N 2005 Refining the role of stereotypic behaviour in the assessment of welfare: stress, general motor persistence and early environment in the development of abnormal behaviour. PhD dissertation, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
14. Lee TJ 2007 Chinese medicine shops busted in bear goods sting. The New Paper: Singapore. http://www.wildsingapore.com/news/ 20070304/070302-1 .htm#np
15. Lee YJ 1999 The use of bear bile as medicine versus tonic. In: Williamson DF and Phipps M (eds) Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on the Trade in Bear Parts pp 122-126. 26-28 October 1999, Seoul, South Korea
16. Li PJ 2004 China's bear farming and long-term solutions. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 7: 71-80
17. Liu Z 2004 TCM history shows that bear bile is not a necessary medicine. Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Zoology, Symposium: Bear Farming pp 46-48. 23-27 August 2004, Beijing, China
18. Mano T and lshii N 2008 Bear gallbladder trade issues and a framework for bear management in Japan. Ursus 19: 122-129
19. Mason GJ 1996 Early weaning enhances the later development of stereotypy in mink. In: Duncan I, Widowsky T and Haley D (eds) Proceedings of the 30th International Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology pp 6. 14-17 August 1996, Guelph, Canada
20. Mason GJ 2006a Maternal deprivation and stereotypy in animals other than primates. In: Mason GJ and Rushen J (eds) Stereotypic Animal Behaviour: Fundamentals and Applications to Welfare pp 170. CABI: Oxfordshire, UK
21. Mason GJ 2006b Stereotypic behaviour in captive animals: fundamentals and implications for welfare and beyond. In: Mason GJ and Rushen J (eds) Stereotypic Animal Behaviour: Fundamentals and Applications to Welfare pp 325-356. CABI: Oxfordshire, UK
22. Parry S 2007 Bad medicine. South China Morning Post: Hong Kong. http://totallyhk.scmp.com/thkarts/ZZZ4J7TPV0F.html
23. Phillips T and Wilson P 2002 The Bear Bile Business: The Global Trade in Bear Products from China to Asia and Beyond. World Society for the Protection of Animals: London UK. http://www.wspa.ca/reports/thebearbilebusiness/1-14.pdf
24. Pong S, Lo YW and Ho KC 1999 Herbal alternatives to bear bile. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on the Trade in Bear Parts pp 154-157. 26-28 October 1999, Seoul, South Korea
25. Roberts A 1999 A case for a uniform global ban on the trade in bear parts and derivatives (a perspective from the United States). In: Williamson DF and Phipps M (eds) Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on the Trade in Bear Parts pp 138-152. 26-28 October 1999, Seoul, South Korea
26. Robinson J 1994 Conference summary. In: Robinson J (ed) Proceedings of the Third East Asiatic Bear Conference pp 1-15. 4-8 August 1994, Beijing, China
27. Schottenfeld D and Beebe-Dimmer J 2006 Chronic inflammation: a common and important factor in the pathogenesis of neoplasia. CA Cancer Journal for Clinicians 56: 69-83
28. Snyder RJ, Tian YZ, Bloomsmith MA, Forthman DL, Zhang A, Zhang ZH, Li GH, Huang XM, Luo L and Maple TL 2003 Behavioral and developmental consequences of early rearing experience for captive giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Journal of Comparative Psychology 117: 235-245 (Pubitemid 37215515)
29. Vickery SS and Mason GJ 2004 Stereotypic behavior in Asiatic Black and Malayan Sun Bears. Zoo Biology 23: 409-430
30. Vince G 2002 Organized gangs target wildlife trade. New Scientist http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn2413-organised-gangs-target-wildlife- trade.html