Racial Segregation and Disparities in Health Care Delivery: Conceptual Model and Empirical Assessment

Health Services Research

Volumn 44, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 1424-1444

  Vaughan Sarrazin, Mary S ^a   Campbell, Mary E ^b   Richardson, Kelly K ^a   Rosenthal, Gary E ^a  

^a VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b University of Iowa   (United States)

Author keywords

Acute myocardial infarction; Racial disparities; Revascularization; Risk adjustment

Indexed keywords

ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; ARTICLE; CAUCASIAN; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT; CULTURAL COMPETENCE; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEART MUSCLE REVASCULARIZATION; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HOSPITAL CARE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MARKET; MEDICARE; MULTICENTER STUDY; NEGRO; PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION; RACE DIFFERENCE;

AFRICAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; AGED; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; HEALTHCARE DISPARITIES; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMANS; MEDICARE; MODELS, THEORETICAL; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; PREJUDICE; PROCESS ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE); PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE; UNITED STATES;

EID: 68249162074     PISSN: 00179124     EISSN: 14756773     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2009.00977.x     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Baicker, K., A. Chandra, J. S. Skinner J. E. Wennberg. 2004 Who You Are and Where You Live: How Race and Geography Affect the Treatment of Medicare Beneficiaries Health Affairs (Millwood). Suppl Web Exclusives: Var33-44.
2. Barnato, A. E., F. L. Lucas, D. Staiger, D. E. Wennberg A. Chandra. 2005 Hospital-Level Racial Disparities in Acute Myocardial Infarction Treatment and Outcomes Medical Care 43 : 308 19.
3. Bradley, E. H. J. Herrin, Y. Wang, R. L. McNamara, T. R. Webster, D. J. Magid, M. Blaney, E. D. Peterson J. G. Canto, C. V. Pollack Jr. H. M. Krumholz. 2004 Racial and Ethnic Differences in Time to Acute Reperfusion Therapy for Patients Hospitalized with Myocardial Infarction Journal of the American Medical Association 292 (13) : 1563 72.
4. Collins, C. D. R. Williams. 1999 Segregation and Mortality: The Deadly Effects of Racism Social Forum 14 : 495 523.
5. Cooper, R. 2001 Social Inequality, Ethnicity, and Cardiovascular Disease International Journal of Epidemiology 30 : S48 52.
6. Cromwell, J., N. T. McCall, J. Burton C. Urato. 2005 Race/Ethnic Disparities in Utilization of Lifesaving Technologies by Medicare Ischemic Heart Disease Beneficiaries Medical Care 43 : 330 7.
7. Geronimus, A. T. 2000 To Mitigate, Resist, or Undo: Addressing Structural Influences on the Health of Urban Populations American Journal of Public Health 90 : 867 72.
8. Gregory, P. M., G. G. Rhoads, A. C. Wilson, K. J. O'Dowd J. B. Kostis. 1999 Impact of Availability of Hospital-Based Invasive Cardiac Services on Racial Differences in the Use of These Services American Heart Journal 138 : 507 17.
9. Groeneveld, P. W., P. Heidenreich A. Garber. 2005 Trends in Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Racial Disparity: The Importance of Geography Journal of the American College of Cardiology 45 : 72 8.
10. Haas, J. S., K. A. Phillips, D. Sonneborn, C. E. McCulloch, L. C. Baker, C. P. Kaplan, E. J. Perez-Stable S. Y. Liang. 2004 Variation in Access to Health Care for Different Racial/Ethnic Groups by the Racial/Ethnic Composition of an Individual's County of Residence Medical Care 42 : 707 14.
11. Halperin, E. C. 1988 Desegregation of Hospitals and Medical Societies in North Carolina New England Journal of Medicine 318 : 58 63.
12. Hart, K. D., S. J. Kunitz, R. R. Sell D. B. Mukamel. 1998 Metropolitan Governance, Residential Segregation, and Mortality among African Americans American Journal of Public Health 88 : 434 8.
13. Hoot, N. R. D. Aronsky. 2008 Systematic Review of Emergency Department Crowding: Causes, Effects, and Solutions Annals of Emergency Medicine 52 : 126 36.
14. Ibrahim, S. A., J. Whittle, B. Bean-Mayberry, M. E. Kelley, C. Good J. Conigliaro. 2003 Racial/Ethnic Variations in Physician Recommendations for Cardiac Revascularization American Journal of Public Health 93 : 1689 93.
15. Institute of Medicine. (2002). Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. Washington, DC : The National Academies Press. Available at [accessed on May 15, 2007].
16. Johnson, R. L., S. Saha, J. J. Arbelaez, M. C. Beach L. A. Cooper. 2004 Racial and Ethnic Differences in Patient Perceptions of Bias and Cultural Competence in Health Care Journal of General Internal Medicine 19 : 101 10.
17. LaVeist, T. A., K. J. Nickerson J. V. Bowie. 2000 Attitudes about Racism, Medical Mistrust, and Satisfaction with Care among African American and White Cardiac Patients Medical Care Research Review 57 : 146 61.
18. Marschall, M. D. Stolle. 2004 Race and the City: Neighborhood Context and the Development of Generalized Trust Political Behavior 26 : 125 54.
19. Massey, D. N. Denton. 1988 The Dimensions of Residential Segregation Social Forces 67 : 281 315.
20. Oddone, E. Z., R. D. Horner, D. C. Johnston, K. Stechuchak, L. McIntyre, A. Ward, L. G. Alley J. Whittle, L. Kroupa J. Taylor. 2002 Carotid Endarterectomy and Race: Do Clinical Indications and Patient Preferences Account for Differences? Stroke 33 : 2936 43.
21. Payne-Sturges, D., G. C. Gee, K. Crowder, B. J. Hurley, C. Lee, R. Forello-Frosch, A. Rosenbaum, A. Schulz, C. Wells, T. Woodruff H. Zenick. 2006 Workshop Summary: Connecting Social and Environmental Factors to Measure and Track Environmental Health Disparities Environmental Research 102 : 146 53.
22. Philogene, G. 2004. Racial Identity in Context: The Legacy of Kenneth B. Clark. Washington, DC : American Psychological Association.
23. Popescu, I., M. S. Vaughan-Sarrazin G. E. Rosenthal. 2007 Differences in Mortality and Use of Revascularization in Black and White Patients with Acute MI Admitted to Hospitals with and without Revascularization Services Journal of the American Medical Association 297 : 2489 95.
24. Quan, H., V. Sundararajan, P. Halfon, A. Fong, B. Burnand, J. C. Luthi, L. D. Saunders, C. A. Beck, T. E. Feasby W. A. Ghali. 2005 Coding Algorithms for Defining Comorbidities in ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 Administrative Data Medical Care 43 (11) : 1130 9.
25. Saha, S., M. Komaromy, T. D. Koepsell A. B. Bindman. 1999 Patient-Physician Racial Concordance and the Perceived Quality and Use of Health Care Archives of Internal Medicine 159 : 997 1004.
26. Saha, S., S. H. Taggart, M. Komaromy A. B. Bindman. 2000 Do Patients Choose Physicians of Their Own Race? Health Affairs (Millwood) 19 : 76 83.
27. Schelbert, E., G. E. Rosenthal, K. Welke M. Vaughan Sarrazin. 2005 Treatment Variation in Older Black and White Patients Receiving Aortic Valve Replacement Circulation 112 : 2347 53.
28. Schulz, A. H., S. Kannan, J. T. Dvonch, B. A. Israel, A. Allen, S. A. James, J. S. House J. Lepkowski. 2005 Social and Physician Environments and Disparities in Risk for Cardiovascular Disease: The Healthy Environments Partnership Conceptual Model Environmental Health Perspectives 113 : 1817 25.
29. Skinner, J., J. N. Weinstein, S. M. Sporer J. E. Wennberg. 2003 Racial, Ethnic, and Geographic Disparities in Rates of Knee Arthroplasty among Medicare Patients New England Journal of Medicine. 349 : 1350 9.
30. Smith, D. B. 1998 Addressing Racial Inequities in Health Care: Civil Rights Monitoring and Report Cards Journal of Health, Politics, Policy and Law 23 : 75 105.
31. Smith, D. B. 2004 Population Ecology and the Racial Integration of Hospitals and Nursing Homes in the United States Milbank Quarterly 68 : 591 6.
32. Vaccarino, V., S. S. Rathore, N. K. Wenger, P. D. Frederick, J. L. Abramson, H. V. Barron, A. Manhapra, S. Mallik H. M. Krumholz. 2005 Sex and Racial Differences in the Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction, 1994 through 2002 New England Journal of Medicine 353 : 671 82.
33. Wen, M., C. R. Browning K. A. Cagney. 2003 Poverty, Affluence, and Income Inequality: Neighborhood Economic Structure and Its Implications for Health Social Science and Medicine 57 : 843 60.