Giardia intestinalis genotypes: Risk factors and correlation with clinical symptoms

Acta Tropica

Volumn 112, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 67-70

  Mohammed Mahdy, A K ^a,c   Surin, Johari ^a   Wan, K L ^b   Mohd Adnan, A ^b   Al Mekhlafi, M S Hesham ^a,c   Lim, Y A L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA   (Malaysia)

^b UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA   (Malaysia)

^c SANA A UNIVERSITY   (Yemen)

Author keywords

Clinical symptoms; Genotyping; Giardia intestinalis; Malaysia; Risk factors

Indexed keywords

RIBOSOME RNA;

DISEASE CONTROL; DISEASE TREATMENT; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENOTYPE; HEALTH RISK; IDENTIFICATION METHOD; INDIGENOUS POPULATION; INFECTIOUS DISEASE; PARASITE; PUBLIC HEALTH; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RISK FACTOR; RNA; VARIANCE ANALYSIS;

ABORIGINE; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CHILD; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; FECES ANALYSIS; FEMALE; FOOD CONTROL; FOOD INTAKE; FRUIT; GASTROENTERITIS; GENE AMPLIFICATION; GENOTYPE; GIARDIA LAMBLIA; GIARDIASIS; HEALTH EDUCATION; HUMAN; LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS; MALAYSIA; MALE; PARASITE CONTROL; PARASITE IDENTIFICATION; PARASITE TRANSMISSION; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SYMPTOM; UNIVARIATE ANALYSIS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE FACTORS; AGED; ANIMALS; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DNA, PROTOZOAN; DNA, RIBOSOMAL; FECES; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; GENOTYPE; GIARDIA LAMBLIA; GIARDIASIS; HUMANS; MALAYSIA; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RISK FACTORS; SEX FACTORS; YOUNG ADULT;

ASIA; EURASIA; MALAYSIA; PAHANG; SOUTHEAST ASIA; WEST MALAYSIA;

GIARDIA; GIARDIA INTESTINALIS;

EID: 68249106573     PISSN: 0001706X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.06.012     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Anthony J.D., Yason L., and Rivera W.L. Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis isolates among residents of slum area in Manila, Philippines. Parasitol. Res. 101 (2007) 681-687
2. Aydin A., Besirbellioglu B., Avci I., Tanyuksel M., Araz E., and Pahsa A. Classification of Giardia duodenalis parasites in Turkey into groups A and B using restriction fragment length polymorphism. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 50 (2004) 147-151
3. Gelanew T., Lalle M., Hailu A., Pozio E., and Cacciò S.M. Molecular characterization of human isolates of Giardia duodenalis from Ethiopia. Acta Trop. 102 (2000) 92-99
4. Han A., and Hlaing T. Prevention of diarrhoea and dysentery by hand washing. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 83 (1989) 128-131
5. Haque R., Roy S., Kabir M., Stroup S.E., Mondal D., and Houpt E.R. Giardia assemblage A infection and diarrhoea in Bangladesh. J. Infect. Dis. 192 (2005) 2171-2173
6. Homan W.L., and Mank T.G. Human giardiasis: genotype linked differences in clinical symptomatology. Int. J. Parasitol. 31 (2001) 822-826
7. Hopkins R.M., Meloni B.P., Groth D.M., Wetherall J.D., Reynoldson J.A., and Thompson R.C.A. Ribosomal RNA sequencing reveals differences between the genotypes of Giardia isolates recovered from humans and dogs living in the same locality. J. Parasitol. 83 (1997) 44-51
8. Hoque B.A., Chakraborty J., Chowdhury J.T., Chowdhury U.K., Ali M., El Arifeen S., and Sack R.B. Effects of environmental factors on child survival in Bangladesh: a case control study. Public Health 113 (1999) 57-64
9. Hoque M.E., Hope V.T., Scragg R., Kjellstrom T., and Lay-Yee R. Nappy handling and risk of giardiasis. Lancet 357 (2001) 1017-1018
10. Hussein-Gasem M., Dolmans W., Keuter M., and Djokomoeljanto R. Poor food hygiene and housing risk factors for typhoid fever in Semarang, Indonesia. Trop. Med. Int. Health 6 (2001) 484-490
11. Karanis P., Kourenti C., and Smith H. Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: a worldwide review of outbreaks and lessons learnt. J. Water Health 5 (2007) 1-38
12. Khan M. Interruption of shigellosis by hand washing. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 76 (1982) 164-168
13. Knight S.M., Toodayan W., Caique W.C., Kyi W., Barnes A., and Desmarchelier P. Risk factors for the transmission of diarrhoea in children: a case-control study in rural Malaysia. Int. J. Epidemiol. 21 (1992) 812-818
14. Lim Y.A.L., Ahmad R.A., and Osman A. Prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium infection in a Temuan (aborigine) village in Malaysia. Tran. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 91 (1997) 505-506
15. Marshall M.M., Naumovitz D., Ortega Y., and Sterling C.R. Waterborne protozoan pathogens. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 10 (1997) 67-85
16. Mohammed Mahdy A.K., Johari S., Lim Y.A.L., Wan K.-L., and Al-Mekhlafi H.M.S. Risk factors for endemic giardiasis-highlighting the possible association of contaminated water and food. Tran. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 102 (2008) 465-470
17. Read C., Walters J., Robertson I.D., and Thompson R.C. Correlation between genotype of Giardia duodenalis and diarrhoea. Int. J. Parasitol. 32 (2002) 229-231
18. Sahagún J., Clavel A., Goñi P., Seral C., Llorente M.T., Castillo F.J., Capilla S., Arias A., and Gómez-Lus R. Correlation between the presence of symptoms and the Giardia duodenalis genotype. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 27 (2008) 81-83
19. Shahid N., Greenough W., Samadi A., Huq M., and Rahaman N. Hand washing with soap reduces diarrhoea and spread of bacterial pathogens in a Bangladesh village. J. Diarrhoeal. Dis. Res. 14 (1996) 85-89
20. Trout J.M., Santín M., Greiner E., and Fayer R. Prevalence and genotypes of Giardia duodenalis in post-weaned dairy calves. Vet. Parasitol. 130 (2005) 177-183
21. van Keulen H., Macechko P.T., Wade S., Schaaf S., Wallis P.M., and Erlandsen S.L. Presence of human Giardia in domestic, farm and wild animals, and environmental samples suggests a zoonotic potential for giardiasis. Vet. Parasitol. 108 (2002) 97-107
22. Velema J., van-Wijnen G., Bult P., van-Naerssen T., and Jota S. Typhoid fever in Ujung Pandang, Indonesia: high-risk groups and high-risk behaviours. Trop. Med. Int. Health 2 (1997) 1088-1094
23. WHO, 1988. Persistent diarrhoea in children in developing countries: memorandum from a WHO Meeting. Bull. World Health Organization 66, pp. 709-717.
24. WHO, 1996. The World Health Report 1996, World Health Organization.
25. Xiao L., Lal A.A., and Jiang J. Methods in molecular biology: public health microbiology. In: Spencer I.F.T., and Ragout de Spencer A.L. (Eds). Methods and Protocols (2004), Humana Press Inc., Totowa 177-187