Exploring the organization of Russia Far East's illegal wildlife trade: Two case studies of the illegal fur and illegal falcon trades

Global Crime

Volumn 10, Issue 1-2, 2009, Pages 144-154

  Wyatt, Tanya ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENT   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Green criminology; Illegal wildlife trade; Organized crime; Transnational crime; Wildlife trafficking

Indexed keywords

EID: 68149171928     PISSN: 17440572     EISSN: 17440580     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/17440570902783947     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. National Zoo, Lectures and Symposia, http://nationalzoo.si.edu/ ActivitiesAndEvents/Lectures/ (accessed 4 March 2008).
2. Dee Cook, Martin Roberts and Jason Lowther, The International Wildlife Trade and Organised Crime: A Review of the Evidence and Role of the United Kingdom, http://www.wwf.org.uk/filelibrary/pdf/ organisedCrime.pdf (assessed 8 October 2005).
3. Greg Warchol, Linda Zupan and Willie Clack, 'Transnational Criminality: An Analysis of the Illegal Wildlife Market in South Africa', International Criminal Justice Review 13 (2003): 1-27.
4. Markus Burgener, Nico Snyman and Maria Hauck, Towards a Sustainable Wildlife Trade: An Analysis of Nature Conservation Legislation in South Africa with particular reference to the wildlife trade, http://www.lib.uct.ac.za.criminology/sjrp (accessed 15 August 2004).
5. Ibid.
6. Convention on the International Trade of Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES), List of Contracting Parties, http://www.cites.org/eng/disc/parties/alphabet.shtml (accessed 8 March 2006).
7. Brendan Moyle, 'Regulation, Conservation, and Incentives', in The Trade in Wildlife: Regulation for Conservation, ed. Sara Oldfield (London, Earthscan, 2003), 41-52.
8. United Nations, United Nations Convention on Transnational Organized Crime, http://www.uncjin.org/Documents/Conventions/dcatoc/ final_documents_2/convention_eng.pdf (accessed 16 December 2008).
9. Raymond E. Kendall, Interpol Alert, http://www.ourplanet.com/ imgversn/105/kendall.html (accessed 26 November 2008).
10. Cook et al., The International Wildlife Trade and Organised Crime.
11. Vincenzo Ruggiero, Organized and Corporate Crime in Europe: Offers that Can't Be Refused (Dartmouth, Aldershot, 1996).
12. Cook et al., The International Wildlife Trade and Organised Crime, 14.
13. Juan Carlos Vasquez, 'Compliance and Enforcement Mechanisms of CITES', in The Trade in Wildlife: Regulation for Conservation, ed. Sarah Oldfield (London, Earthscan, 2003), 68.
14. Duncan Brack, 'Lessons from the Control of the Illegal Trade in Ozone-depleting Substances, Timber and Fisheries', in The Trade in Wildlife: Regulation for Conservation, ed. Sara Oldfield (London, Earthscan, 2003), 163-79.
15. Cook et al., The International Wildlife Trade and Organised Crime, 24.
16. Raymond Fisher. The History of the Russian Fur Trade 1550-1700 (Berkeley, CA: University of California Pubishers, 1943).
17. World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Moscow, interview with author, April 2007.
18. WWF Far East, interview with author, April 2007.
19. Deputy Counselor Officer of Environment, Science and Technology at the US Embassy in Moscow, interview with author, April 2007
20. Coordinator of the Russia Far East Forest Stewardship Council and Director of Brok, interview with author, April 2007.
21. WWF Far East, interview.
22. Far Eastern State University Professor, interview with author, April 2007
23. Phoenix, interview with author, April 2007
24. Hunting Inspector, interview with author, April 2007.
25. Phoenix, interview.
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid.
28. WWF Far East, interview.
29. Far Eastern State University Professor, interview.
30. Ibid.
31. WWF Far East, interview.
32. Natalia Dronova and Alexander Shestakov, Trapping a Living: Conservation and Socioeconomic Aspects of the Fur Trade in the Russian Far East (Moscow: WWF/TRAFFIC, 2005).
33. Sergey Lyapustin and Pavel Fomenko, Borba s Kontrabandoy Obyektov Fauni i Flori na Dalnyem Vostokye Rossii [The Fight with Smuggling of Fauna and Flora in Russia Far East] (Moscow: WWF, 2003), in Russian.
34. WWF Far East, interview.
35. Ibid.
36. Ibid.
37. Vladivostok Ministry of Natural Resources employee, interview with author, April 2007.
38. Ibid.
39. USFWS, interview via email with author, December 2006.
40. Lyapustin and Fomenko, Borba s Kontrabandoy [The Fight with Smuggling].
41. WWF Far East, interview.
42. WWF Moscow, interview.
43. WWF Far East, interview.
44. Ibid.
45. WWF Moscow, interview
46. USFWS, interview via email.
47. Lydia Ash, 'A Falconry Timeline', The Modern Apprentice, http://www.themodernapprentice.com/history.htm (accessed 28 August 2007).
48. Ibid.
49. Sergey Lyapustin, 'Kontrabanda Sokolov Dalnyevo Vostoka - Ugroza Suschyestvovaniyu Redkikh Ptits' [The Smuggling of Falcons of the Far East - A Threat to the Existence of Rare Birds], Preservation of Bioresources March (2006): 89-100, in Russian.
50. Ibid.
51. Ibid.
52. WWF Vladivostok, Khischniye Ptitsiye [Birds of Prey] (Vladivostok:WWF, 2006), in Russian.
53. Falco, 'The Newsletter of the Middle East Falcon Research Group', http://www.falcons.co.uk/mefrg/Falco/falcopdf/falco13.pdf (accessed 17 August 2007).
54. IFAW in Russia, interview with author, April 2007; WWF Moscow, interview.
55. WWF Vladivostok, Khischniye Ptitsiye [Birds of Prey].
56. Lyapustin, 'Kontrabanda Sokolov Dalnyevo Vostoka' [The Smuggling of Falcons of the Far East].
57. Ibid., 98.
58. Ibid., 98.
59. RIA - Siberia, 'From Siberia, Smugglers take Saker Falcons and Gyrfalcons', Russian Agency for International Information and News http://ria-sibir.ru/viewnews/19836.html (accessed 10 August 2007).
60. Ibid.
61. WWF Far East, interview.
62. Ibid. WWF Moscow, interview.
63. WWF Vladivostok, Khischniye Ptitsiye [Birds of Prey].
64. Ibid.
65. Versii, 'Birds of Prey taken from Flight', Versii, http://www.versii.com/newss.php?pid=100249 (accessed 9 August 2007).
66. WWF Vladivostok, Khischniye Ptitsiye [Birds of Prey].
67. WWF Far East, interview.
68. WWF Vladivostok, Khischniye Ptitsiye [Birds of Prey].
69. Versii, 'Birds of Prey taken from Flight'.
70. Lyapustin, 'Kontrabanda Sokolov Dalnyevo Vostoka' [The Smuggling of Falcons of the Far East].
71. Ibid.
72. Ibid.
73. Marina Kornilova, 'Falconry', Novosibirsk Evening, http://vn.ru/ 27.01.2007/crime/83716/ (accessed 13 August 2007).
74. Lyapustin, 'Kontrabanda Sokolov Dalnyevo Vostoka' [The Smuggling of Falcons of the Far East].
75. WWF Vladivostok, Khischniye Ptitsiye [Birds of Prey].
76. Phoenix, interview.
77. Ibid.
78. Phoenix, interview.