Spatial dimensions of fear in a high-crime community: Fear of crime or fear of disorder?

Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice

Volumn 51, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 1-30

  Kohm, Steven A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WINNIPEG   (Canada)

Author keywords

Crime; Disorder; Fear; Spatial patterns

Indexed keywords

EID: 68149170691     PISSN: 17077753     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3138/cjccj.51.1.1     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Bazargan, Moshen 1994 The effects of health, environmental and socio-psychological variables on fear of crime and its consequences among urban Black elderly individuals. International Journal of Aging and Development 38: 99-115.
2. Carvalho, Irene and Dan Lewis 2003 Beyond community: Reactions to crime and disorder among inner-city residents. Criminology 41(3): 779-812.
3. Conklin, John 1975 The Impact of Crime. New York: Macmillan.
4. Crawford, Adam 1998 Crime Prevention and Community Safety: Politics, Policies and Practices. New York: Longman.
5. Crowe, Timothy and Diane Zahm 1994 Crime Prevention through Environmental Design. Land Development 7: 22-27.
6. Doran, Bruce and Brian Lees 2005 Investigating the spatiotemporal links between disorder, crime and the fear of crime. Professional Geographer 57(1): 1-12.
7. Farrall, Stephen and David Gadd 2004 The frequency of fear of crime. British Journal of Criminology 44: 127-132.
8. Ferraro, Kenneth 1995 Fear of Crime: Interpreting Victimization and Risk. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
9. Ferraro, Kenneth and Randy LaGrange 1987 The measurement of fear of crime. Sociological Inquiry 57(1): 70-101.
10. Fitzgerald, Robin, Michael Wisener, and Josee Savoie 2004 Neighbourhood Characteristics and the Distribution of Crime in Winnipeg. Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics.
11. Gannon, Maire and Karen Mihorean 2005 Criminal Victimization in Canada, 2004. Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics.
12. Garofalo, James 1981 The fear of crime: Causes and consequences. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 72(2): 839-857.
13. Garofalo, James and John Laub 1978 The Fear of Crime: Broadening our perspective. Victimology 3: 242-253.
14. Hale, Chris 1996 Fear of crime: A review of the literature. International Review of Victimology 4: 79-150.
15. Harcourt, Bernard 1998 Reflecting on the subject: A critique of the social influence conception of deterrence, the broken windows theory, and order-maintenance policing New York style. Michigan Law Review 97(2): 291-389.
16. Harcourt, Bernard 2001 Illusion of Order: The False Promise of Broken Windows Policing. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
17. Harcourt, Bernard and Jens Ludwig 2006 Broken windows: New evidence from New York City and a five-city social experiment. University of Chicago Law Review 73(1): 271-320.
18. Hoyt, Lorene 2005 Do business improvement district organizations make a difference? Crime in and around commercial areas in Philadelphia. Journal of Planning Education and Research 25: 185-199.
19. Jeffery, C. Ray 1971 Crime Prevention through Environmental Design. Beverly Hills: Sage.
20. Keane, Carl 1992 Fear of crime in Canada: An examination of concrete and formless fear of victimization. Canadian Journal of Criminology 34: 215-224.
21. Kohm, Steven and John Selwood 1997 Controlling the crimogenic place: The evolution of Winnipeg's sex trade. Regina Geographical Studies 6: 48-68.
22. Lewis, Dan and Michael Maxfield 1980 Fear of crime in the neighbourhood: An investigation of the impact of crime. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 17: 160-189.
23. Lewis, Dan and Greta Salem 1986 Fear of Crime: Incivility and the Production of a Social Problem. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
24. Ley, David 1974 The Black Inner City as Frontier Outpost: Images and Behavior of a Philadelphia Neighborhood. Washington, DC: Association of American Geographers.
25. Matthews, Roger 1992 Replacing "broken windows": Crime, incivilities and urban change. In Roger Matthews and Jock Young (eds.), Issues in Realist Criminology. London: Sage, 19-50.
26. McIntyre, Jennie 1967 Public attitudes toward crime and law enforcement. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 374: 34-46.
27. Merry, Sally 1981a Defensible space undefended: Social factors in crime control through environmental design. Urban Affairs Quarterly 16(4): 397-422.
28. Merry, Sally 1981b Urban Danger: Life in a Neighborhood of Strangers. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
29. Moore, Simon and Jonathan Shepherd 2007 The elements and prevalence of fear. British Journal of Criminology 47: 154-162.
30. Newman, Oscar 1972 Defensible Space: Crime Prevention through Urban Design. New York: Macmillan.
31. O'Shea, Timothy 2006 Physical deterioration, disorder and crime. Criminal Justice Policy Review 17(2): 173-187..
32. Perkins, Douglas, John Meeks, and Ralph Taylor 1992 The physical environment of street blocks and resident perceptions of crime and disorder: Implications for theory and measurement. Journal of Environmental Psychology 12: 21-34.
33. Platt, James 2005 Capturing and Integrating Perception of Change in Neighbourhood GIS. Master of City Planning Thesis, Department of City Planning, University of Manitoba.
34. Sacco, Vincent 2005 When Crime Waves. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
35. Sampson, Robert and Stephen Raudenbush 1999 Systematic social observation of public spaces: A new look at disorder in urban neighborhoods. American Journal of Sociology 105(3): 603-651.
36. Skogan, Wesley 1990 Disorder and Decline: Crime and Spiral of Decay in American Neighborhoods. New York: Free Press.
37. Skogan, Wesley and Michael Maxfield 1981 Coping with Crime: Individual and Neighborhood Reactions. Beverly Hills: Sage.
38. Statistics Canada 2005 General Social Survey, Cycle 18 Overview: Personal Safety and Perceptions of the Criminal Justice System. Ottawa: Statistics Canada. (Catalogue no. 85-566-XIE)
39. Taylor, Ralph 1987 Toward an environmental psychology of disorder: Delinquency, crime and fear of crime. In D. Stokols and I. Altman (eds.), Handbook of Environmental Psychology. Vol. 2. New York: Wiley.
40. Taylor, Ralph and Margaret Hale 1986 Testing alternative models of fear of crime. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 77(1): 151-189.
41. Taylor, Ralph and Sally Shumaker 1990 Local crime as a natural hazard: Implications for understanding the relationship between disorder and fear of crime. American Journal of Community Psychology 18: 619-642.
42. Vindevogel, Franck 2005 Private security and urban crime mitigation: A bid for BIDs. Criminal Justice 5(3): 233-255.
43. Warr, Mark 2000 Fear of crime in the United States: Avenue for research and policy. In D. Duffee (ed.), Measurement and Analysis of Crime and Justice. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
44. Wilson, James and George Kelling 1982 Broken windows: The police and neighborhood safety. Atlantic Monthly 249(3): 29-38.
45. Wyant, Brian 2008 Multilevel impacts of perceived incivilities and perceptions of crime risk on fear of crime. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 45(1): 39-64.