Retinal Image Quality and Postnatal Visual Experience During Infancy

Optometry and Vision Science

Volumn 86, Issue 6, 2009, Pages E556-E571

  Candy, T Rowan ^a   Wang, Jingyun ^a   Ravikumar, Sowmya ^a  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Aberrations; Accommodation; Emmetropization; Infant; Retinal image quality; Visual experience

Indexed keywords

ACCOMMODATION; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; EYE REFRACTION; HUMAN; INFANT; PHYSIOLOGY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RETINA; REVIEW; VISION; EYE DEVELOPMENT; HYPERMETROPIA; IMAGE QUALITY; NONHUMAN; PERINATAL PERIOD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REFRACTION ERROR; RETINA IMAGE; STRABISMUS; VISUAL DISORDER;

ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; HUMANS; INFANT; REFRACTION, OCULAR; RETINA; VISION, OCULAR;

ACCOMMODATION; EMMETROPIZATION; INFANT; RETINAL IMAGE QUALITY; VISUAL EXPERIENCE;

ABERRATIONS; IMAGE QUALITY; OPHTHALMOLOGY;

ALDEHYDES;

EID: 68049111570     PISSN: 10405488     EISSN: 15389235     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0b013e3181a76e6f     Document Type: Review

References (69)

1. Mitchell DE, Timney B. Postnatal development of function in the mammalian visual system. In: Darian-Smith I, ed. Handbook of Physiology. Section 1: The Nervous System. Part 1: Sensory Processes, vol 3. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 1984:507-55.
2. Kiorpes L, Kiper DC, O’Keefe LP, Cavanaugh JR, Movshon JA. Neuronal correlates of amblyopia in the visual cortex of macaque monkeys with experimental strabismus and anisometropia. J Neurosci 1998;18:6411-24.
3. Troilo D. Neonatal eye growth and emmetropisation-a literature review. Eye 1992;6:154-60.
4. Smith EL, III. Environmentally induced refractive errors in animals. In: Rosenfield M, Gilmartin B, eds. Myopia and Nearwork. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann;1998:57-90.
5. Wallman J, Winawer J. Homeostasis of eye growth and the question of myopia. Neuron 2004;43:447-68.
6. Rabin J, Van Sluyters RC, Malach R. Emmetropization: a vision-dependent phenomenon. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1981;20:561-4.
7. Birch EE, Stager D, Leffler J, Weakley D. Early treatment of congenital unilateral cataract minimizes unequal competition. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1998;39:1560-6.
8. Maurer D, Mondloch CJ, Lewis TL. Effects of early visual deprivation on perceptual and cognitive development. Prog Brain Res 2007;164:87-104.
9. Birch EE, Stager DR. Monocular acuity and stereopsis in infantile esotropia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1985;26:1624-30.
10. Fielder AR, Moseley MJ. Anisometropia and amblyopia-chicken or egg? Br J Ophthalmol 1996;80:857-8.
11. Lempert P. The axial length/disc area ratio in anisometropic hyperopic amblyopia: a hypothesis for decreased unilateral vision associated with hyperopic anisometropia. Ophthalmology 2004;111:304-8.
12. Miller JM, Harvey EM. Spectacle prescribing recommendations of AAPOS members. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1998;35:51-2.
13. Lyons SA, Jones LA, Walline JJ, Bartolone AG, Carlson NB, Kattouf V, Harris M, Moore B, Mutti DO, Twelker JD. A survey of clinical prescribing philosophies for hyperopia. Optom Vis Sci 2004;81:233-7.
14. Mayer DL, Hansen RM, Moore BD, Kim S, Fulton AB. Cycloplegic refractions in healthy children aged 1 through 48 months. Arch Ophthalmol 2001;119:1625-8.
15. Cotter SA. Management of childhood hyperopia: a pediatric optometrist’s perspective. Optom Vis Sci 2007;84:103-9.
16. Donahue SP. Prescribing spectacles in children: a pediatric ophthalmologist’s approach. Optom Vis Sci 2007;84:110-4.
17. Simons K. Amblyopia characterization, treatment, and prophylaxis. Surv Ophthalmol 2005;50:123-66.
18. Ying GS, Kulp MT, Maguire M, Ciner E, Cyert L, Schmidt P, Vision in Preschoolers Study Group. Sensitivity of screening tests for detecting vision in preschoolers-targeted vision disorders when specificity is 94%. The Vision in Preschoolers (VIP) Study Group. Optom Vis Sci 2005;82:432-8.
19. The Vision in Preschoolers Study Group. Preschool vision screening tests administered by nurse screeners compared with lay screeners in the vision in preschoolers study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005;46:2639-48.
20. Arnold RW, Donahue SP. The yield and challenges of charitable state-wide photoscreening. Binocul Vis Strabismus Q 2006;21:93-100.
21. Ingram RM, Arnold PE, Dally S, Lucas J. Results of a randomised trial of treating abnormal hypermetropia from the age of 6 months. Br J Ophthalmol 1990;74:158-9.
22. Atkinson J. Infant vision screening: prediction and prevention of strabismus and amblyopia from refractive screening in the Cambridge Photorefraction Program. In: Simons K, ed. Early Visual Development, Normal and Abnormal. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1993:335-48.
23. Anker S, Atkinson J, Braddick O, Nardini M, Ehrlich D. Non-cycloplegic refractive screening can identify infants whose visual outcome at 4 years is improved by spectacle correction. Strabismus 2004;12:227-45.
24. Abrahamsson M, Sjostrand J. Natural history of infantile anisometropia. Br J Ophthalmol 1996;80:860-3.
25. Thibos LN, Bradley A, Zhang XX. Effect of ocular chromatic aberration on monocular visual performance. Optom Vis Sci 1991;68:599-607.
26. Applegate RA, Marsack JD, Ramos R, Sarver EJ. Interaction between aberrations to improve or reduce visual performance. J Cataract Refract Surg 2003;29:1487-95.
27. Ravikumar S, Thibos LN, Bradley A. Calculation of retinal image quality for polychromatic light. J Opt Soc Am (A) 2008;25:2395-407.
28. Boettner EA, Wolter JR. Transmission of the ocular media. Invest Opthalmol 1962;1:776-83.
29. Wang J, Candy TR. Higher order monochromatic aberrations of the human infant eye. J Vis 2005;5:543-55.
30. Wang J, Candy TR, Teel DF, Jacobs RJ. Longitudinal chromatic aberration of the human infant eye. J Opt Soc Am (A) 2008;25:2263-70.
31. Candy TR, Banks MS. Use of an early nonlinearity to measure optical and receptor resolution in the human infant. Vision Res 1999;39:3386-98.
32. Howland HC. Allometry and scaling of wave aberration of eyes. Vision Res 2005;45:1091-3.
33. Hendrickson A, Drucker D. The development of parafoveal and mid-peripheral human retina. Behav Brain Res 1992;49:21-31.
34. Candy TR, Crowell JA, Banks MS. Optical, receptoral, and retinal constraints on foveal and peripheral vision in the human neonate. Vision Res 1998;38:3857-70.
35. Cook RC, Glasscock RE. Refractive and ocular findings in the newborn. Am J Ophthalmol 1951;34:1407-13.
36. Haynes H, White BL, Held R. Visual accommodation in human infants. Science 1965;148:528-30.
37. Braddick O, Atkinson J, French J, Howland HC. A photorefractive study of infant accommodation. Vision Res 1979;19:1319-30.
38. Banks MS. The development of visual accommodation during early infancy. Child Dev 1980;51:646-66.
39. Brookman KE. Ocular accommodation in human infants. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1983;60:91-9.
40. Howland HC, Dobson V, Sayles N. Accommodation in infants as measured by photorefraction. Vision Res 1987;27:2141-52.
41. Hainline L, Riddell P, Grose-Fifer J, Abramov I. Development of accommodation and convergence in infancy. Behav Brain Res 1992;49:33-50.
42. Currie DC, Manny RE. The development of accommodation. Vision Res 1997;37:1525-33.
43. Ciuffreda KJ. The Glenn A. Fry invited lecture. Accommodation to gratings and more naturalistic stimuli. Optom Vis Sci 1991;68:243-60.
44. Tondel GM, Candy TR. Human infants’ accommodation responses to dynamic stimuli. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007;48:949-56.
45. Tondel GM, Candy TR. Accommodation and vergence latencies in human infants. Vision Res 2008;48:564-76.
46. Campbell FW, Westheimer G. Dynamics of accommodation responses of the human eye. J Physiol 1960;151:285-95.
47. Phillips S, Shirachi D, Stark L. Analysis of accommodative response times using histogram information. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom 1972;49:389-400.
48. Heron G, Charman WN, Schor CM. Age changes in the interactions between the accommodation and vergence systems. Optom Vis Sci 2001;78:754-62.
49. Candy TR, Bharadwaj SR. The stability of steady state accommodation in human infants. J Vis 2007;7:4.1-16.
50. Charman WN, Heron G. Fluctuations in accommodation: a review. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 1988;8:153-64.
51. Almeder LM, Peck LB, Howland HC. Prevalence of anisometropia in volunteer laboratory and school screening populations. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1990;31:2448-55.
52. Saunders KJ, Woodhouse JM, Westall CA. Emmetropisation in human infancy: rate of change is related to initial refractive error. Vision Res 1995;35:1325-8.
53. Atkinson J, Anker S, Bobier W, Braddick O, Durden K, Nardini M, Watson P. Normal emmetropization in infants with spectacle correction for hyperopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000;41:3726-31.
54. Mutti DO, Mitchell GL, Jones LA, Friedman NE, Frane SL, Lin WK, Moeschberger ML, Zadnik K. Axial growth and changes in lenticular and corneal power during emmetropization in infants. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005;46:3074-80.
55. Abrahamsson M, Magnusson G, Sjostrand J. Inheritance of strabismus and the gain of using heredity to determine populations at risk of developing strabismus. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 1999;77:653-7.
56. Ziakas NG, Woodruff G, Smith LK, Thompson JR. A study of heredity as a risk factor in strabismus. Eye 2002;16:519-21.
57. Birch EE, Fawcett SL, Morale SE, Weakley DR Jr, Wheaton DH. Risk factors for accommodative esotropia among hypermetropic children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005;46:526-9.
58. Ingram RM, Gill LE, Goldacre MJ. Emmetropisation and accommodation in hypermetropic children before they show signs of squint—a preliminary analysis. Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol 1994;253:41-56.
59. Hunter DG. Dynamic retinoscopy: the missing data. Surv Ophthalmol 2001;46:269-74.
60. Winawer J, Wallman J. Temporal constraints on lens compensation in chicks. Vision Res 2002;42:2651-68.
61. Kee CS, Hung LF, Qiao-Grider Y, Ramamirtham R, Winawer J, Wallman J, Smith EL, III. Temporal constraints on experimental emmetropization in infant monkeys. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007;48:957-62.
62. Wensveen JM, Harwerth RS, Hung LF, Ramamirtham R, Kee CS, Smith EL, III. Brief daily periods of unrestricted vision can prevent form-deprivation amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006;47:2468-77.
63. Sakai E, Bi H, Maruko I, Zhang B, Zheng J, Wensveen J, Harwerth RS, Smith EL, III, Chino YM. Cortical effects of brief daily periods of unrestricted vision during early monocular form deprivation. J Neurophysiol 2006;95:2856-65.
64. Schwarzkopf DS, Vorobyov V, Mitchell DE, Sengpiel F. Brief daily binocular vision prevents monocular deprivation effects in visual cortex. Eur J Neurosci 2007;25:270-80.
65. Nathan J, Kiely PM, Crewther SG, Crewther DP. Disease-associated visual image degradation and spherical refractive errors in children. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1985;62:680-8.
66. Smith EL, III, Kee CS, Ramamirtham R, Qiao-Grider Y, Hung LF. Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005;46:3965-72.
67. Smith EL, III, Ramamirtham R, Qiao-Grider Y, Hung LF, Huang J, Kee CS, Coats D, Paysse E. Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007;48:3914-22.
68. Curcio CA. Diameters of presumed cone apertures in human retina. J Opt Soc Am (A) 1987;4:P70.
69. Saunders KJ. Early refractive development in humans. Surv Ophthalmol 1995;40:207-16.