Pesticide exposure and blood endosulfan levels after first season spray amongst farm workers in the Western Cape, South Africa

Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part B Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes

Volumn 44, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 271-277

  Dalvie, Mohamed Aqiel ^a   Africa, Algernon ^a   Solomons, Abdullah ^b   London, Leslie ^a   Brouwer, Derk ^c   Kromhout, Hans ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^b CAPE PENINSULA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (South Africa)

^c TNO   (Netherlands)

^d UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Bio monitoring; Drift; Endosulfan; Environmental; Job exposure matrix; Mixing; Occupational; Pesticide exposure; Spraying

Indexed keywords

BIO-MONITORING; DRIFT; ENDOSULFAN; ENVIRONMENTAL; JOB EXPOSURE MATRIX; OCCUPATIONAL; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE;

BODY FLUIDS; INSECTICIDES;

APPLICATORS;

AGRICULTURAL WORKER; BIOMONITORING; HEALTH RISK; MIXING; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; SEASONALITY;

AFRICA; SOUTH AFRICA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; WESTERN CAPE;

ENDOSULFAN; PESTICIDE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BLOOD; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; POLLUTANT; SEASON; SOUTH AFRICA;

ADULT; ENDOSULFAN; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PESTICIDES; SEASONS; SOUTH AFRICA;

EID: 68049099193     PISSN: 03601234     EISSN: 15324109     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/03601230902728351     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. London, L.; Ehrlich, R.I.; Rafudien, S.; Krige, F.; Vurgarellis, P. Notification of pesticide poisoning in the Western Cape, 1987-1991. S Afr Med J 1994, 84(5), 269-272.
2. London, L.; Myers, J.E. Agrichemical usage patterns and workplace exposure in the major farming sectors in the southern region of South Africa. SA J Sci 1995, 91, 515-522.
3. London, L.; Myers, J.E. General patterns of agrichemical usage in the Southern Region of South Africa. SA J Sci 1995 91, 509-514.
4. Kirkhorn, S.R.; Schenker, M.B. Current health effects of agricultural work: respiratory disease, cancer, reproductive effects, musculoskeletal injuries, and pesticide-related illnesses. J Agric Saf Health 2002, 8, 199-214.
5. Maroni, M.; Fait, A. Health Effects in man from long-term exposure to pesticides. A review of the 1975-1991 literature. Toxicology 1993, 78, 1-174.
6. London, L.; Myers, J.E. The use of a crop- and job-specific exposure matrix for retrospective assessment of long-term exposure in studies of chronic neurotoxic effects of agrochemicals. Occup Envir Med 1998, 55, 194-201.
7. Maroni, M.; Colosio, C.; Ferioli, A.; Fait, A. Biological monitoring of pesticide exposure: a review. Toxicology 2000 143, 1-123.
8. Dalvie, M.A.; Cairncross, E.; Solomon, A.; London, L. Contamination of rural surface and ground water by endosulfan in farming areas of the Western Cape, South Africa, Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source 2003, 2(1) http://www.ehjournal.net/content/2/1/1 (accessed January 26, 2008).
9. Schulz, R. Comparison of spraydrift- and runoff-related input of azinphos-methyl and endosulfan from fruit orchards into the Lourens River, South Africa. Chemosphere 2001, 45, 543-551.
10. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Toxicological Profile for Endosulfan; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service: Atlanta, GA, 2000.
11. Guardino, X.; Serra, C.; Obiols, J.; Rosell, M.G.; Berenguer, M.J.; Lopez, F.; Brosa, J. Determination of DDT and related compounds in blood samples from agricultural workers. J Chromatogr A 1996, 719(1), 141-147.
12. Stata [computer program]. Version 8. Stata Corporation: College Station, TX, 2003.
13. World Health Organization (WHO). Declaration of Helsinki - Proposed International Guidelines for Biomedical Research involving Human subjects, Council for International organization of Medical Sciences, revised by 52nd World Medical Assembly: Edinburgh; WHO, Geneva, 2003.
14. Dalvie, M.A.; White, N.; Raine, R. Long-term respiratory health effects of the herbicide, paraquat, among workers in the Western Cape. Occup Environ Med 1999, 56(6), 391-396.
15. London, L.; Sanders, D.; Te Water Naude, J. Farm workers in South Africa - the challenge of eradicating alcohol abuse and the legacy of the "dop" system. (Editorial). SAMJ 1998, 88: 1093-1095.
16. Arrebola, F.J.; Martínez-Vidal, J.L.; Fernández-Gutiérrez, A. Analysis of Endosulfan and Its Metabolites in Human Serum Using Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Journal of Chromatographic Science 2001 39(5), 177-182.
17. Saiyed, H.; Dewan, A.; Bhatnagar, V. Effect of Endosulfan on Male Reproductive Development. Environmental Health Perspectives 2003, 111(16), 1959-1962.
18. Jimenez-Torres, M., Campoy-Folgoso, C.; Cañabate-Reche, F. Organochlorine pesticides in serum and adipose tissue of pregnant women in Southern Spain giving birth by cesarean section. Science of The Total Environment 2006, 372(1), 32-38.
19. Lino, C.M.; da Silveira, M.I. Evaluation of organochlorine pesticides in serum from students in Coimbra, 1997-2001. Environ Res Portugal 2006, 102(3), 339-351.