메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 123, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 913-925

Yoked Delivery of Cocaine Is Aversive and Protects Against the Motivation for Drug in Rats

Author keywords

addiction; compensatory; craving; devaluation; tolerance

Indexed keywords

COCAINE; SACCHARIN;

EID: 67949122019     PISSN: 07357044     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0016498     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (67)

References (68)
  • 1
    • 0030790910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critique of fixed and progressive ratio schedules used to examine the neural substrates of drug reinforcement
    • Arnold J.M., and Roberts D.C. A critique of fixed and progressive ratio schedules used to examine the neural substrates of drug reinforcement. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 57 (1997) 441-447
    • (1997) Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior , vol.57 , pp. 441-447
    • Arnold, J.M.1    Roberts, D.C.2
  • 3
    • 0742306157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addiction motivation reformulated: An affective processing model of negative reinforcement
    • Baker T.B., Piper M.E., McCarthy D.E., Majeskie M.R., and Fiore M.C. Addiction motivation reformulated: An affective processing model of negative reinforcement. Psychological Review 111 (2004) 33-51
    • (2004) Psychological Review , vol.111 , pp. 33-51
    • Baker, T.B.1    Piper, M.E.2    McCarthy, D.E.3    Majeskie, M.R.4    Fiore, M.C.5
  • 5
    • 0015177593 scopus 로고
    • Conditioned aversion to saccharin by single administrations of mescaline and d-amphetamine
    • Cappell H., and LeBlanc A.E. Conditioned aversion to saccharin by single administrations of mescaline and d-amphetamine. Psychopharmacologia 22 (1971) 352-356
    • (1971) Psychopharmacologia , vol.22 , pp. 352-356
    • Cappell, H.1    LeBlanc, A.E.2
  • 6
    • 0015691475 scopus 로고
    • Punishment of saccharin drinking by amphetamine in rats and its reversal by chlordiazepoxide
    • Cappell H., and Le Blanc A.E. Punishment of saccharin drinking by amphetamine in rats and its reversal by chlordiazepoxide. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 85 (1973) 97-104
    • (1973) Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology , vol.85 , pp. 97-104
    • Cappell, H.1    Le Blanc, A.E.2
  • 7
    • 0015847314 scopus 로고
    • Aversive conditioning by psychoactive drugs: Effects of morphine, alcohol and chlordiazepoxide
    • Cappell H., LeBlanc A.E., and Endrenyi L. Aversive conditioning by psychoactive drugs: Effects of morphine, alcohol and chlordiazepoxide. Psychopharmacologia 29 (1973) 239-246
    • (1973) Psychopharmacologia , vol.29 , pp. 239-246
    • Cappell, H.1    LeBlanc, A.E.2    Endrenyi, L.3
  • 8
    • 39149131731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) in rodents to study the neurobiology of motivation
    • Carlezon Jr. W.A., and Chartoff E.H. Intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) in rodents to study the neurobiology of motivation. Nature Protocols 2 (2007) 2987-2995
    • (2007) Nature Protocols , vol.2 , pp. 2987-2995
    • Carlezon Jr., W.A.1    Chartoff, E.H.2
  • 9
    • 0016361582 scopus 로고
    • Tme course of radiation-induced taste aversion conditioning
    • Carroll M.E., and Smith J.C. Tme course of radiation-induced taste aversion conditioning. Physiology and Behavior 13 (1974) 809-812
    • (1974) Physiology and Behavior , vol.13 , pp. 809-812
    • Carroll, M.E.1    Smith, J.C.2
  • 10
    • 0028888967 scopus 로고
    • Response-dependent versus response-independent presentation of cocaine: Differences in the lethal effects of the drug
    • Dworkin S.I., Mirkis S., and Smith J.E. Response-dependent versus response-independent presentation of cocaine: Differences in the lethal effects of the drug. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 117 (1995) 262-266
    • (1995) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.117 , pp. 262-266
    • Dworkin, S.I.1    Mirkis, S.2    Smith, J.E.3
  • 11
    • 1042266418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opponent process properties of self-administered cocaine
    • Ettenberg A. Opponent process properties of self-administered cocaine. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 27 (2004) 721-728
    • (2004) Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews , vol.27 , pp. 721-728
    • Ettenberg, A.1
  • 12
    • 27644454882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural systems of reinforcement for drug addiction: From actions to habits to compulsion
    • Everitt B.J., and Robbins T.W. Neural systems of reinforcement for drug addiction: From actions to habits to compulsion. Nature Neuroscience 8 (2005) 1481-1489
    • (2005) Nature Neuroscience , vol.8 , pp. 1481-1489
    • Everitt, B.J.1    Robbins, T.W.2
  • 15
    • 0001205043 scopus 로고
    • Conditioned aversions to saccharin resulting from exposure to gamma radiation
    • Garcia J., Kimmeldorf K.J., and Koelling R.A. Conditioned aversions to saccharin resulting from exposure to gamma radiation. Science 122 (1955) 157-158
    • (1955) Science , vol.122 , pp. 157-158
    • Garcia, J.1    Kimmeldorf, K.J.2    Koelling, R.A.3
  • 16
    • 0028240570 scopus 로고
    • Cocaine-induced conditioned taste aversions: Comparisons between effects in LEW/N and F344/N rat strains
    • Glowa J.R., Shaw A.E., and Riley A.L. Cocaine-induced conditioned taste aversions: Comparisons between effects in LEW/N and F344/N rat strains. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 114 (1994) 229-232
    • (1994) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.114 , pp. 229-232
    • Glowa, J.R.1    Shaw, A.E.2    Riley, A.L.3
  • 17
    • 67949095864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reward comparison: The Achilles' heel and hope for addiction
    • in press, Models
    • Grigson, P. S. (in press). Reward comparison: The Achilles' heel and hope for addiction. Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models
    • Drug Discovery Today: Disease
    • Grigson, P.S.1
  • 18
    • 0036205976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine-induced suppression of saccharin intake: A model of drug-induced devaluation of natural rewards
    • Grigson P.S., and Twining R.C. Cocaine-induced suppression of saccharin intake: A model of drug-induced devaluation of natural rewards. Behavioral Neuroscience 116 (2002) 321-333
    • (2002) Behavioral Neuroscience , vol.116 , pp. 321-333
    • Grigson, P.S.1    Twining, R.C.2
  • 19
    • 0033921875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heroin-induced suppression of saccharin intake in water-deprived and water-replete rats
    • Grigson P.S., Twining R.C., and Carelli R.M. Heroin-induced suppression of saccharin intake in water-deprived and water-replete rats. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 66 (2000) 603-608
    • (2000) Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior , vol.66 , pp. 603-608
    • Grigson, P.S.1    Twining, R.C.2    Carelli, R.M.3
  • 21
    • 0020449354 scopus 로고
    • Nonpharmacological bases of drug tolerance and dependence
    • Hinson R.E., and Siegel S. Nonpharmacological bases of drug tolerance and dependence. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 26 (1982) 495-503
    • (1982) Journal of Psychosomatic Research , vol.26 , pp. 495-503
    • Hinson, R.E.1    Siegel, S.2
  • 22
  • 24
    • 33745249946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conditioned withdrawal drives heroin consumption and decreases reward sensitivity
    • Kenny P.J., Chen S.A., Kitamura O., Markou A., and Koob G.F. Conditioned withdrawal drives heroin consumption and decreases reward sensitivity. Journal of Neuroscience 26 (2006) 5894-5900
    • (2006) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.26 , pp. 5894-5900
    • Kenny, P.J.1    Chen, S.A.2    Kitamura, O.3    Markou, A.4    Koob, G.F.5
  • 25
    • 21544437886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conditioned nicotine withdrawal profoundly decreases the activity of brain reward systems
    • Kenny P.J., and Markou A. Conditioned nicotine withdrawal profoundly decreases the activity of brain reward systems. Journal of Neuroscience 25 (2005) 6208-6212
    • (2005) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.25 , pp. 6208-6212
    • Kenny, P.J.1    Markou, A.2
  • 26
    • 33745053185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contributions of prolonged contingent and noncontingent cocaine exposure to enhanced reinstatement of cocaine seeking in rats
    • Kippin T.E., Fuchs R.A., and See R.E. Contributions of prolonged contingent and noncontingent cocaine exposure to enhanced reinstatement of cocaine seeking in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 187 (2006) 60-67
    • (2006) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.187 , pp. 60-67
    • Kippin, T.E.1    Fuchs, R.A.2    See, R.E.3
  • 27
    • 49349084791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ADHD, substance use disorders, and psychostimulant treatment: Current literature and treatment guidelines
    • Kollins S.H. ADHD, substance use disorders, and psychostimulant treatment: Current literature and treatment guidelines. Journal of Attention Disorders 12 (2008) 115-125
    • (2008) Journal of Attention Disorders , vol.12 , pp. 115-125
    • Kollins, S.H.1
  • 28
    • 0003102892 scopus 로고
    • Neural substrates for cocaine and opiate reinforcement
    • Fischer S., Raskin A., and Uhlenhuth E.H. (Eds), Oxford University Press, New York
    • Koob G.F., Vaccarino F.J., Amalric M., and Swerdlow N.R. Neural substrates for cocaine and opiate reinforcement. In: Fischer S., Raskin A., and Uhlenhuth E.H. (Eds). Cocaine: Clinical and biobehavioral aspects (1987), Oxford University Press, New York 80-108
    • (1987) Cocaine: Clinical and biobehavioral aspects , pp. 80-108
    • Koob, G.F.1    Vaccarino, F.J.2    Amalric, M.3    Swerdlow, N.R.4
  • 29
    • 0021343452 scopus 로고
    • Effect of partial reinforcement on tolerance to morphine-induced analgesia and weight loss in the rat
    • Krank M.D., Hinson R.E., and Siegel S. Effect of partial reinforcement on tolerance to morphine-induced analgesia and weight loss in the rat. Behavioral Neuroscience 98 (1984) 72-78
    • (1984) Behavioral Neuroscience , vol.98 , pp. 72-78
    • Krank, M.D.1    Hinson, R.E.2    Siegel, S.3
  • 30
    • 38849110165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Goal- and signal-directed incentive: Conditioned approach, seeking, and consumption established with unsweetened alcohol in rats
    • Krank M.D., O'Neill S., Squarey K., and Jacob J. Goal- and signal-directed incentive: Conditioned approach, seeking, and consumption established with unsweetened alcohol in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 196 (2008) 397-405
    • (2008) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.196 , pp. 397-405
    • Krank, M.D.1    O'Neill, S.2    Squarey, K.3    Jacob, J.4
  • 31
    • 44649160014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heroin self-administration: II. CNS gene expression following withdrawal and cue-induced drug-seeking behavior
    • Kuntz K.L., Patel K.M., Grigson P.S., Freeman W.M., and Vrana K.E. Heroin self-administration: II. CNS gene expression following withdrawal and cue-induced drug-seeking behavior. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 90 (2008) 349-356
    • (2008) Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior , vol.90 , pp. 349-356
    • Kuntz, K.L.1    Patel, K.M.2    Grigson, P.S.3    Freeman, W.M.4    Vrana, K.E.5
  • 33
    • 33847666508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential neurochemical and behavioral adaptation to cocaine after response contingent and noncontingent exposure in the rat
    • Lecca D., Cacciapaqlia F., Valentini V., Acquas E., and Di Chiara G. Differential neurochemical and behavioral adaptation to cocaine after response contingent and noncontingent exposure in the rat. Psychopharmacology 191 (2007) 653-667
    • (2007) Psychopharmacology , vol.191 , pp. 653-667
    • Lecca, D.1    Cacciapaqlia, F.2    Valentini, V.3    Acquas, E.4    Di Chiara, G.5
  • 34
    • 39749086789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intense sweetness surpasses cocaine reward
    • Lenoir M., Serre F., Cantin L., and Ahmed S.H. Intense sweetness surpasses cocaine reward. PLoS ONE 2 1 (2007) e698
    • (2007) PLoS ONE , vol.2 , Issue.1
    • Lenoir, M.1    Serre, F.2    Cantin, L.3    Ahmed, S.H.4
  • 35
    • 36349003564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-sensitization of the reinforcing effects of cocaine and amphetamine in rats
    • Liu Y., Morgan D., and Roberts D.C. Cross-sensitization of the reinforcing effects of cocaine and amphetamine in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 195 (2007) 369-375
    • (2007) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.195 , pp. 369-375
    • Liu, Y.1    Morgan, D.2    Roberts, D.C.3
  • 36
    • 0023258314 scopus 로고
    • The contribution of Pavlovian conditioning to drug tolerance and dependence
    • MacRae J.R., Scoles M.T., and Siegel S. The contribution of Pavlovian conditioning to drug tolerance and dependence. British Journal of Addiction 82 (1987) 371-380
    • (1987) British Journal of Addiction , vol.82 , pp. 371-380
    • MacRae, J.R.1    Scoles, M.T.2    Siegel, S.3
  • 37
    • 0032954413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-administration of cocaine increases the release of acetylcholine to a greater extent than response-independent cocaine in the nucleus accumbens of rats
    • Mark G.P., Hajnal A., Kinney A.E., and Keys A.S. Self-administration of cocaine increases the release of acetylcholine to a greater extent than response-independent cocaine in the nucleus accumbens of rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 143 (1999) 47-53
    • (1999) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.143 , pp. 47-53
    • Mark, G.P.1    Hajnal, A.2    Kinney, A.E.3    Keys, A.S.4
  • 38
    • 0025155534 scopus 로고
    • Conditioned tolerance provides protection against ethanol lethality
    • Melchior C.L. Conditioned tolerance provides protection against ethanol lethality. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 37 (1990) 205-206
    • (1990) Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior , vol.37 , pp. 205-206
    • Melchior, C.L.1
  • 39
    • 0031970606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Withdrawal from a self-administered or non-contingent cocaine binge: Differences in ultrasonic distress vocalizations in rats
    • Mutschler N.H., and Miczek K.A. Withdrawal from a self-administered or non-contingent cocaine binge: Differences in ultrasonic distress vocalizations in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 136 (1998) 402-408
    • (1998) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.136 , pp. 402-408
    • Mutschler, N.H.1    Miczek, K.A.2
  • 40
    • 0031594511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Withdrawal from i.v. cocaine "binges" in rats: Ultrasonic distress calls and startle
    • Mutschler N.H., and Miczek K.A. Withdrawal from i.v. cocaine "binges" in rats: Ultrasonic distress calls and startle. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 135 (1998) 161-168
    • (1998) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.135 , pp. 161-168
    • Mutschler, N.H.1    Miczek, K.A.2
  • 41
    • 0015541827 scopus 로고
    • Learned taste aversions in rats as a function of dosage, concentration, and route of administration of LiCl
    • Nachman M., and Ashe J.H. Learned taste aversions in rats as a function of dosage, concentration, and route of administration of LiCl. Physiology and Behavior 10 (1973) 73-78
    • (1973) Physiology and Behavior , vol.10 , pp. 73-78
    • Nachman, M.1    Ashe, J.H.2
  • 42
    • 0014933419 scopus 로고
    • Alcohol aversion in the rat: Behavioral assessment of noxious drug effects
    • Nachman M., Lester D., and Le Magnen J. Alcohol aversion in the rat: Behavioral assessment of noxious drug effects. Science 168 (1970) 1244-1246
    • (1970) Science , vol.168 , pp. 1244-1246
    • Nachman, M.1    Lester, D.2    Le Magnen, J.3
  • 43
    • 0019834548 scopus 로고
    • The role of Pavlovian processes in drug tolerance and dependence: Implications for treatment
    • Poulos C.X., Hinson R.E., and Siegel S. The role of Pavlovian processes in drug tolerance and dependence: Implications for treatment. Addictive Behaviors 6 (1981) 205-211
    • (1981) Addictive Behaviors , vol.6 , pp. 205-211
    • Poulos, C.X.1    Hinson, R.E.2    Siegel, S.3
  • 45
    • 0017672584 scopus 로고
    • Location preference and flavor aversion reinforced by amphetamine in rats
    • Reicher M.A., and Holman E.W. Location preference and flavor aversion reinforced by amphetamine in rats. Animal Learning & Behavior 5 (1977) 343-346
    • (1977) Animal Learning & Behavior , vol.5 , pp. 343-346
    • Reicher, M.A.1    Holman, E.W.2
  • 50
    • 0020320680 scopus 로고
    • Opioid expectation modifies opioid effects
    • Siegel S. Opioid expectation modifies opioid effects. Fed Proc 41 (1982) 2339-2343
    • (1982) Fed Proc , vol.41 , pp. 2339-2343
    • Siegel, S.1
  • 52
    • 0017952170 scopus 로고
    • The role of predrug signals in morphine analgesic tolerance: Support for a Pavlovian conditioning model of tolerance
    • Siegel S., Hinson R.E., and Krank M.D. The role of predrug signals in morphine analgesic tolerance: Support for a Pavlovian conditioning model of tolerance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 4 (1978) 188-196
    • (1978) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes , vol.4 , pp. 188-196
    • Siegel, S.1    Hinson, R.E.2    Krank, M.D.3
  • 53
    • 0020329477 scopus 로고
    • Heroin "overdose" death: Contribution of drug-associated environmental cues
    • Siegel S., Hinson R.E., Krank M.D., and McCully J. Heroin "overdose" death: Contribution of drug-associated environmental cues. Science 216 (1982) 436-437
    • (1982) Science , vol.216 , pp. 436-437
    • Siegel, S.1    Hinson, R.E.2    Krank, M.D.3    McCully, J.4
  • 54
    • 85047681206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applying laboratory research: Drug anticipation and the treatment of drug addiction
    • Siegel S., and Ramos B.M. Applying laboratory research: Drug anticipation and the treatment of drug addiction. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology 10 (2002) 162-183
    • (2002) Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology , vol.10 , pp. 162-183
    • Siegel, S.1    Ramos, B.M.2
  • 55
    • 0033911839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventral pallidal extracellular fluid levels of dopamine, serotonin, gamma amino butyric acid, and glutamate during cocaine self-administration in rats
    • Sizemore G.M., Co C., and Smith J.E. Ventral pallidal extracellular fluid levels of dopamine, serotonin, gamma amino butyric acid, and glutamate during cocaine self-administration in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 150 (2000) 391-398
    • (2000) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.150 , pp. 391-398
    • Sizemore, G.M.1    Co, C.2    Smith, J.E.3
  • 56
    • 0037459789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain neurotransmitter turnover rates during rat intravenous cocaine self-administration
    • Smith J.E., Koves T.R., and Co C. Brain neurotransmitter turnover rates during rat intravenous cocaine self-administration. Neuroscience 117 (2003) 461-475
    • (2003) Neuroscience , vol.117 , pp. 461-475
    • Smith, J.E.1    Koves, T.R.2    Co, C.3
  • 57
    • 0347717665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acetylcholine turnover rates in rat brain regions during cocaine self-administration
    • Smith J.E., Vaughn T.C., and Co C. Acetylcholine turnover rates in rat brain regions during cocaine self-administration. Journal of Neurochemistry 88 (2004) 502-512
    • (2004) Journal of Neurochemistry , vol.88 , pp. 502-512
    • Smith, J.E.1    Vaughn, T.C.2    Co, C.3
  • 58
    • 36148976804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lesions of the dorsomedial frontal cortex block sensitization to the positive-reinforcing effects of cocaine
    • Smith M.A., Ward S.J., and Roberts D.C. Lesions of the dorsomedial frontal cortex block sensitization to the positive-reinforcing effects of cocaine. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 88 (2008) 238-246
    • (2008) Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior , vol.88 , pp. 238-246
    • Smith, M.A.1    Ward, S.J.2    Roberts, D.C.3
  • 59
    • 0020702649 scopus 로고
    • Paradoxical reinforcing properties of apomorphine: Effects of nucleus accumbens and area postrema lesions
    • van der Kooy D., Swerdlow N.R., and Koob G.F. Paradoxical reinforcing properties of apomorphine: Effects of nucleus accumbens and area postrema lesions. Brain Research 259 (1983) 111-118
    • (1983) Brain Research , vol.259 , pp. 111-118
    • van der Kooy, D.1    Swerdlow, N.R.2    Koob, G.F.3
  • 60
    • 0024565026 scopus 로고
    • Protection from pentobarbital lethality mediated by Pavlovian conditioning
    • Vila J. Protection from pentobarbital lethality mediated by Pavlovian conditioning. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 32 (1989) 365-366
    • (1989) Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior , vol.32 , pp. 365-366
    • Vila, J.1
  • 62
    • 29244448701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra-ventral tegmental area heroin-induced place preferences in rats are potentiated by peripherally administered alprazolam
    • Walker B.M., and Ettenberg A. Intra-ventral tegmental area heroin-induced place preferences in rats are potentiated by peripherally administered alprazolam. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 82 (2005) 470-477
    • (2005) Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior , vol.82 , pp. 470-477
    • Walker, B.M.1    Ettenberg, A.2
  • 65
    • 40249113228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral and electrophysiological indices of negative affect predict cocaine self-administration
    • Wheeler R.A., Twining R.C., Jones J.L., Slater J.M., Grigson P.S., and Carelli R.M. Behavioral and electrophysiological indices of negative affect predict cocaine self-administration. Neuron 57 (2008) 774-785
    • (2008) Neuron , vol.57 , pp. 774-785
    • Wheeler, R.A.1    Twining, R.C.2    Jones, J.L.3    Slater, J.M.4    Grigson, P.S.5    Carelli, R.M.6
  • 66
    • 0017343358 scopus 로고
    • The reinforcing action of morphine and its paradoxical side effect
    • White N., Sklar L., and Amit Z. The reinforcing action of morphine and its paradoxical side effect. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 52 (1977) 63-66
    • (1977) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.52 , pp. 63-66
    • White, N.1    Sklar, L.2    Amit, Z.3
  • 67
    • 44449136662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of smoking opportunity on responses to monetary gain and loss in the caudate nucleus
    • Wilson S.J., Sayette M.A., Delgado M.R., and Fiez J.A. Effect of smoking opportunity on responses to monetary gain and loss in the caudate nucleus. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 117 (2008) 428-434
    • (2008) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.117 , pp. 428-434
    • Wilson, S.J.1    Sayette, M.A.2    Delgado, M.R.3    Fiez, J.A.4
  • 68
    • 0017255745 scopus 로고
    • Both positive reinforcement and conditioned aversion from amphetamine and from apomorphine in rats
    • Wise R.A., Yokel R.A., and DeWit H. Both positive reinforcement and conditioned aversion from amphetamine and from apomorphine in rats. Science 191 (1976) 1273-1275
    • (1976) Science , vol.191 , pp. 1273-1275
    • Wise, R.A.1    Yokel, R.A.2    DeWit, H.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.