Anisotropic response of surface currents to the wind in a coastal region

Journal of Physical Oceanography

Volumn 39, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 1512-1533

  Kim, Sung Yong ^a   Cornuelle, Bruce D ^b   Terrill, Eric J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO   (United States)

^b San Diego   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALONGSHORE CURRENT; ANISOTROPIC RESPONSE; ASYMMETRIC CURRENTS; ASYMMETRIC RESPONSE; BOUNDARY EFFECTS; COASTAL OCEAN MODEL; COASTAL REGIONS; CURRENT RESPONSE; FIELD STUDIES; ISOTROPIC SURFACES; OCEAN RESPONSE; SAN DIEGO; STATISTICAL MODELS; SURFACE CURRENT; WIND DIRECTIONS; WIND FORCING; WIND SPEED; WIND-DRIVEN CURRENTS;

ANISOTROPY; COASTAL ZONES; OCEAN CURRENTS; SURFACE ANALYSIS; WIND STRESS;

WIND EFFECTS;

COASTAL CURRENT; MODELING; WIND DIRECTION; WIND FORCING; WIND STRESS; WIND-DRIVEN CURRENT;

CALIFORNIA; NORTH AMERICA; SAN DIEGO; UNITED STATES;

EID: 67949114296     PISSN: 00223670     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2009JPO4013.1     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Allen, J. S., 1980: Models of wind-driven currents on the continental shelf. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 12, 389-433.
2. Alpers, W., 1985: Theory of radar imaging of internal waves. Nature, 314, 245-247.
3. Barrick, D. E., M. W. Evans, and B. L. Webber, 1977: Ocean surface currents mapped by radar. Science, 198, 138-144.
4. Beardsley, R. C., C. E. Dorman, C. A. Friehe, L. K. Rosenfeld, and C. D. Winant, 1987: Local atmospheric forcing during the coastal ocean dynamics experiment. 1: A description of the marine boundary layer and atmospheric conditions over a northern California upwelling region. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 1467-1488.
5. Bendat, J., and A. G. Piersol, 2000: Random Data Analysis and Measurement Procedures. 3rd ed. John Wiley & Sons, 594 pp.
6. Blackford, B. L., 1978: Wind-driven inertial currents in the Magdalen Shallows, Gulf of St. Lawrence. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 8, 653-664.
7. Bye, J. A. T., 1965: Wind-driven circulation in unstratified lakes. Limnol. Oceanogr., 10, 451-458.
8. Chereskin, T. K., 1995: Direct evidence for an Ekman balance in the California Current. J. Geophys. Res., 100 (C9), 18 261-18 269.
9. Choi, B.-J., and J. L. Wilkin, 2007: The effect of wind on the dispersal of the Hudson River plume. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 37, 1878-1897.
10. Churchill, J. H., and G. T. Csanady, 1983: Near-surface measurements of quasi-Lagrangian velocities in open water. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 1669-1680.
11. Davis, R. E., 1985: Objective mapping by least squares fitting. J. Geophys. Res., 90 (C7), 4773-4777.
12. Efron, B., and G. Gong, 1983: A leisurely look at the bootstrap, the jackknife, and the cross-validation. Amer. Stat., 37, 36-48.
13. Ekman, V. W., 1905: On the influence of the Earth's rotation on ocean-currents. Ark. Mat. Astron. Fys., 2, 1-53.
14. Emery, W. J., and R. E. Thomson, 1998: Data Analysis Methods in Physical Oceanography. Elsevier, 634 pp.
15. Essen, H.-H., 1993: Ekman portion of surface currents, as measured by radar in different areas. Dtsch. Hydrogr. Z., 45, 57-85.
16. Essen, H.-H., K.-W. Gurgel, and F. Schirmer, 1983: Tidal and wind-driven parts of surface currents, as measured by radar. Dtsch. Hydrogr. Z., 36, 81-96.
17. Ewing, G. C., 1950: Relation between band slicks at the surface and internal waves in the sea. Science, 111, 91-94.
18. Fernandez, D. M., J. F. Vesecky, and C. C. Teague, 1996: Measurements of upper ocean surface current shear with high-frequency radar. J. Geophys. Res., 101 (C12), 28 615-28 625.
19. Golub, G. H., and C. F. van Loan, 1980: An analysis of the total least squares problem. SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 17, 883-893, doi:10.1137/0717073.
20. Golub, G. H. M. Heath, and G. Wahba, 1979: Generalized cross-validation as a method for choosing a good ridge parameter. Technometrics, 21, 215-223.
21. Gonella, J., 1971: The drift current from observations made on the Bouee Laboratoire. Cah. Oceanogr., 23, 1-15.
22. Gonella, J., 1972: A rotary-component method for analysis in meteorological and oceanographic vector time series. Deep-Sea Res., 19, 833-846.
23. Ha, E. C., 1979: High-frequency radar measurements of coastal ocean surface currents. Ph.D. thesis, Stanford University, 134 pp.
24. Hoerl, A. E., and R. W. Kennard, 1970: Ridge regression: Biased estimation for nonorthogonal problems. Technometrics, 12, 55-67.
25. Huyer, A., and P. M. Kosro, 1987: Mesoscale surveys over the shelf and slope in the upwelling region near Point Arena, California. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 1655-1681.
26. Hyder, P., J. H. Simpson, and S. Christopoulos, 2002: Sea-breeze forced diurnal surface currents in the Thermaikos Gulf, North-West Aegean. Cont. Shelf Res., 22, 585-601.
27. Kim, S. Y., 2009: Coastal ocean studies in southern San Diego using high-frequency radar derived surface currents. Ph.D. thesis, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 214 pp. [Available online at http://repositories.cdlib.org/sio/techreport/ 95/.]
28. Kim, S. Y., E. J. Terrill, and B. D. Cornuelle, 2007: Objectively mapping HF radar-derived surface current data using measured and idealized data covariance matrices. J. Geophys. Res., 112, C06021, doi:10.1029/2006JC003756.
29. Kim, S. Y., E. J. Terrill, and B. D. Cornuelle, 2008: Mapping surface currents from HF radar radial velocity measurements using optimal interpolation. J. Geophys. Res., 113, C10023, doi:10.1029/ 2007JC004244.
30. Kirincich, A. R., J. A. Barth, B. A. Grantham, B. A. Menge, and J. Lubchenco, 2005: Wind-driven inner-shelf circulation off central Oregon during summer. J. Geophys. Res., 110, C10S03, doi:10.1029/ 2004JC002611.
31. Kundu, P. K., 1984: Generation of coastal inertial oscillations by time-varying wind. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 14, 1901-1913.
32. Large, W. G., and S. Pond, 1981: Open ocean momentum flux measurements in moderate to strong winds. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 324-336.
33. LeBlanc, M., and R. Tibshirani, 1996: Combining estimates in regression and classification. J. Amer. Stat. Assoc., 91, 1641-1650.
34. Lentz, S. J., 2001: The influence of stratification on the wind-driven cross-shelf circulation over the North Carolina shelf. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 2749-2760.
35. Lewis, D. M., and S. E. Belcher, 2004: Time-dependent, coupled, Ekman boundary layer solutions incorporating Stokes drift. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 37, 313-351.
36. Li, Z., and R. H. Weisberg, 1999: West Florida shelf response to upwelling favorable wind forcing: Kinematics. J. Geophys. Res., 104 (C6), 13 507-13 527.
37. Marquardt, D. W., 1970: Generalized inverses, ridge regression, biased linear estimation, and nonlinear estimation. Technometrics, 12, 591-612.
38. Munk, W. H., and D. E. Cartwright, 1966: Tidal spectroscopy and prediction. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, A259, 533-581.
39. NOAA, 2006: Harmonic constituents. [Available online at http//www.co-ops.nos.noaa.gov/station_retrieve.shtml?type= Harmonic+Constituents.]
40. Ng, B., 1993a: The prediction of nearshore wind-induced surface currents from wind velocities measured at nearby land stations. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 1609-1617.
41. Ng, B., 1993b: Tidal current predictions using rotary empirical orthogonal functions. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 10, 868-879.
42. Overland, J. E., and C. H. Pease, 1988: Modeling ice dynamics of coastal seas. J. Geophys. Res., 93 (C12), 15 619-15 637.
43. Pedlosky, J., 1992: Geophysical Fluid Dynamics. 2nd ed. Springer, 710 pp.
44. Pidgeon, E. J., and C. D. Winant, 2005: Diurnal variability in currents and temperature on the continental shelf between central and southern California. J. Geophys. Res., 110, C03024, doi:10.1029/ 2004JC002321.
45. Prandle, D., 1987: The fine-structure of nearshore tidal and residual circulations revealed by H.F. radar surface current measurements. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 231-245.
46. Price, J. F., R. A. Weller, and R. Pinkel, 1986: Diurnal cycling: Observations and models of the upper ocean response to diurnal heating, cooling, and wind mixing. J. Geophys. Res., 91 (C7), 8411-8427.
47. Price, J. F., R. A. Weller, and R. R. Schudlich, 1987: Wind-driven ocean currents and Ekman transport. Science, 238, 1534-1538.
48. Rabinovich, A. B., G. V. Shevchenko, and R. E. Thomson, 2007: Sea ice and current response to the wind: A vector regressional analysis approach. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 24, 1086-1101.
49. Rio, M.-H., and F. Hernandez, 2003: High-frequency response of wind-driven currents measured by drifting buoy and altimetry over the world ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 3283, doi:10.1029/ 2002JC001655.
50. Santiago-Mandujano, F., and E. Firing, 1990: Mixed layer shear generated by wind stress in the central equatorial Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 1576-1582.
51. Schudlich, R. R., and J. F. Price, 1998: Observations of seasonal variation in the Ekman layer. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 1187-1204.
52. Simpson, J. H., P. Hyder, T. P. Rippeth, and I. M. Lucas, 2002: Forced oscillations near the critical latitude for diurnal-inertial resonance. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 177-187.
53. Smith, D. E., 1959: A Source Book in Mathematics. Vol. 1, Dover Publications, 710 pp.
54. Snee, R. D., 1977: Validation of regression models: Methods and examples. Technometrics, 19, 415-428.
55. Stewart, R. H., and J. W. Joy, 1974: HF radio measurements of surface currents. Deep-Sea Res., 21, 1039-1049.
56. Sverdrup, H. U., 1938: On the process of upwelling. J. Mar. Res., 1, 155-164.
57. van Huffel, S., and J. Vandewalle, 1991: The Total Least Squares Problem: Computational Aspects and Analysis. SIAM, 314 pp.
58. Weber, J. E., 1983: Steady wind- and wave-induced currents in the open ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 524-530.
59. Weisberg, R. H., Z. Li, and R. Muller-Karger, 2001: West Florida shelf response to local wind forcing: April 1998. J. Geophys. Res., 106 (C12), 31 239-31 262.
60. Weller, R. A., 1981: Observations of the velocity response to wind forcing in the upper ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 86 (C3), 1969-1977.
61. Weller, R. A., and A. J. Plueddemann, 1996: Observations of the vertical structure of the oceanic boundary layer. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 8789-8806.
62. Winant, C. D., 2004: Three-dimensional wind-driven flow in an elongated, rotating basin. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 34, 462-476.
63. Wu, J., 1983: Sea-surface drift currents induced by wind and waves. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 1441-1451.
64. Wunsch, C., 1996: The Ocean Circulation Inverse Problem. Cambridge University Press, 442 pp.
65. Zelenke, B. C., 2005: An empirical statistical model relating winds and ocean surface currents: Implications for short-term current forecasts. M.S. thesis, Dept. of Oceanography, Oregon State University, 109 pp. [Available online at http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/dspace/bitstream/ 1957/2166/1/Zelenke_Thesis.pdf.]