메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 25, Issue SUPPL. 2, 2009, Pages 153-164

Options for reducing patient radiation dose with cardiovascular computed tomography

Author keywords

Cardiac; Cardiovascular; Computed tomography; MDCT; Radiation dose

Indexed keywords

ANGIOCARDIOGRAPHY; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM EXAMINATION; COLLIMATOR; COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCANNER; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DOSIMETRY; ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; HUMAN; IMAGE DISPLAY; IMAGE PROCESSING; IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION; LOW ENERGY RADIATION; RADIATION BEAM; RADIATION DOSE; RADIATION EXPOSURE; RADIATION RESPONSE; RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY; REVIEW; X RAY TUBE;

EID: 67849090531     PISSN: 15695794     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10554-009-9450-5     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (10)

References (46)
  • 1
    • 47249166093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effective doses in radiology and diagnostic nuclear medicine: A catalog
    • doi: 10.1148/radiol.2481071451
    • Mettler FA, Huda W, Yoshizumi TT et al (2008) Effective doses in radiology and diagnostic nuclear medicine: A catalog. Radiology 248:254-263. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2481071451
    • (2008) Radiology , vol.248 , pp. 254-263
    • Mettler, F.A.1    Huda, W.2    Yoshizumi, T.T.3
  • 2
    • 34447558140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating risk of cancer associated with radiation exposure from 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography
    • doi: 10.1001/jama.298.3.317
    • Einstein AJ, Henzlova MJ, Rajagopalan S (2007) Estimating risk of cancer associated with radiation exposure from 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography. JAMA 298(3):317-323. doi: 10.1001/jama.298.3.317
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.298 , Issue.3 , pp. 317-323
    • Einstein, A.J.1    Henzlova, M.J.2    Rajagopalan, S.3
  • 3
    • 36549007486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computed tomography-an increasing source of radiation exposure
    • doi: 10.1056/NEJMra072149
    • Brenner DJ, Hall EJ (2007) Computed tomography-an increasing source of radiation exposure. N Engl J Med 357:2277-2284. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra072149
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.357 , pp. 2277-2284
    • Brenner, D.J.1    Hall, E.J.2
  • 4
    • 59649127716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimated radiation dose associated with cardiac CT angiography
    • doi: 10.1001/jama.2009.54
    • Hausleiter J, Meyer T, Hermann F et al (2009) Estimated radiation dose associated with cardiac CT angiography. JAMA 301:500-507. doi: 10.1001/ jama.2009.54
    • (2009) JAMA , vol.301 , pp. 500-507
    • Hausleiter, J.1    Meyer, T.2    Hermann, F.3
  • 5
    • 31444454089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First performance evaluation of a dual-source CT (DSCT) system
    • doi: 10.1007/s00330-005-2919-2
    • Flohr TG, McCollough CH, Bruder H et al (2006) First performance evaluation of a dual-source CT (DSCT) system. Eur Radiol 16(2):256-268. doi: 10.1007/s00330-005-2919-2
    • (2006) Eur Radiol , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 256-268
    • Flohr, T.G.1    McCollough, C.H.2    Bruder, H.3
  • 6
    • 67949106561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective ECG-gated 320 row detector computed tomography: Implications for CT angiography and perfusion imaging
    • doi: 10.1007/s10554-009-9433-6
    • Kitagawa K, Lardo AC, George RT (2009) Prospective ECG-gated 320 row detector computed tomography: Implications for CT angiography and perfusion imaging. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. doi: 10.1007/ s10554-009-9433-6
    • (2009) Int J Cardiovasc Imaging
    • Kitagawa, K.1    Lardo, A.C.2    George, R.T.3
  • 7
    • 43449126798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial evaluation of coronary images from 320-detector row computed tomography
    • doi: 10.1007/s10554-008-9308-2
    • Rybicki FJ, Otero HJ, Steigner ML et al (2008) Initial evaluation of coronary images from 320-detector row computed tomography. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 24(5):535-546. doi: 10.1007/s10554-008-9308-2
    • (2008) Int J Cardiovasc Imaging , vol.24 , Issue.5 , pp. 535-546
    • Rybicki, F.J.1    Otero, H.J.2    Steigner, M.L.3
  • 8
    • 56349130541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical principles of dual source CT
    • doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2008.08.013
    • Petersilka M, Bruder H, Krauss B, et al (2008) Technical principles of dual source CT. Eur J Radiol 68(3):362-368. doi: 10.1016/ j.ejrad.2008.08.013
    • (2008) Eur J Radiol , vol.68 , Issue.3 , pp. 362-368
    • Petersilka, M.1    Bruder, H.2    Krauss, B.3
  • 9
    • 34249017237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between noise, dose, and pitch in cardiac multi-detector row CT
    • doi: 10.1148/rg.266065063
    • Primak AN, McCollough CH, Bruesewitz MR et al (2006) Relationship between noise, dose, and pitch in cardiac multi-detector row CT. Radiographics 26:1785-1794. doi: 10.1148/rg.266065063
    • (2006) Radiographics , vol.26 , pp. 1785-1794
    • Primak, A.N.1    McCollough, C.H.2    Bruesewitz, M.R.3
  • 11
    • 18844403150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-detector row CT systems and image reconstruction techniques
    • doi: 10.1148/radiol.2353040037
    • Flohr TG, Schaller S, Stierstorfer K et al (2005) Multi-detector row CT systems and image reconstruction techniques. Radiology 235:756-773. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2353040037
    • (2005) Radiology , vol.235 , pp. 756-773
    • Flohr, T.G.1    Schaller, S.2    Stierstorfer, K.3
  • 12
    • 33845655515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overranging in multisection CT: Quantification and relative contribution to dose-comparison of four 16-section CT scanners
    • doi: 10.1148/radiol.2421051350
    • Van der Molen AJ, Geleijns J (2007) Overranging in multisection CT: quantification and relative contribution to dose-comparison of four 16-section CT scanners. Radiology 242(1):208-218. doi: 10.1148/ radiol.2421051350
    • (2007) Radiology , vol.242 , Issue.1 , pp. 208-218
    • Van der Molen, A.J.1    Geleijns, J.2
  • 13
    • 33750547401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Step-and-shoot data acquisition for cardiac X-ray computed tomography
    • doi: 10.1118/1.2361078
    • Hsieh J, Londt J, Vass M et al (2006) Step-and-shoot data acquisition for cardiac X-ray computed tomography. Med Phys 33(11):4236-4248. doi: 10.1118/1.2361078
    • (2006) Med Phys , vol.33 , Issue.11 , pp. 4236-4248
    • Hsieh, J.1    Londt, J.2    Vass, M.3
  • 15
    • 12244303686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do segmented reconstruction algorithms for cardiac multi-slice computed tomography improve image quality?
    • doi: 10.1007/s00059-003-2445-4
    • Halliburton SS, Stillman AE, Flohr T et al (2003) Do segmented reconstruction algorithms for cardiac multi-slice computed tomography improve image quality? Herz 28(1):20-31. doi: 10.1007/s00059-003-2445-4
    • (2003) Herz , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 20-31
    • Halliburton, S.S.1    Stillman, A.E.2    Flohr, T.3
  • 16
    • 0003892109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission EUR 16262EN. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. Accessed 2 Feb 2009
    • European Commission (2000) European guidelines on quality criteria for computed tomography, EUR 16262EN. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. http://www.drs.dk/guidelines/ ct/quality/mainindex.htm. Accessed 2 Feb 2009
    • (2000) European Guidelines on Quality Criteria for Computed Tomography
  • 19
    • 33846522417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tech. Rep. NRPB-PE/1/2004 National Radiological Protection Board. CA Report D5-Dosimetry.pdf Accessed 2 Feb 2009
    • Shrimpton PC (2004) Assessment of patient dose in CT. Tech. Rep. NRPB-PE/ 1/2004 National Radiological Protection Board. http://www.msct.eu/ PDF_FILES/EC CA Report D5-Dosimetry.pdf Accessed 2 Feb 2009
    • (2004) Assessment of Patient Dose in CT
    • Shrimpton, P.C.1
  • 20
    • 21144440833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of z overscanning on patient effective dose from multi-detector helical computed tomography examinations
    • doi: 10.1118/1.1924309
    • Tzedakis A, Damilakis J, Perisinakis K et al (2005) The effect of z overscanning on patient effective dose from multi-detector helical computed tomography examinations. Med Phys 32(6):1621-1629. doi: 10.1118/ 1.1924309
    • (2005) Med Phys , vol.32 , Issue.6 , pp. 1621-1629
    • Tzedakis, A.1    Damilakis, J.2    Perisinakis, K.3
  • 21
    • 67949094410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New radiation dose saving technologies for 256-slice cardiac computed tomography angiography
    • doi: 10.1007/s10554-009-9444-3
    • Walker MJ, Olzsewki ME, Desai MY et al (2009) New radiation dose saving technologies for 256-slice cardiac computed tomography angiography. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. doi: 10.1007/s10554-009-9444-3
    • (2009) Int J Cardiovasc Imaging
    • Walker, M.J.1    Olzsewki, M.E.2    Desai, M.Y.3
  • 22
    • 34249023378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose performance of a 64-channel dual-source CT scanner
    • doi: 10.1148/radiol.2433061165
    • McCollough CH, Primak AN, Saba O et al (2007) Dose performance of a 64-channel dual-source CT scanner. Radiology 243(3):775-784. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2433061165
    • (2007) Radiology , vol.243 , Issue.3 , pp. 775-784
    • McCollough, C.H.1    Primak, A.N.2    Saba, O.3
  • 23
    • 40949165279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospectively gated transverse coronary CT angiography versus retrospectively gated helical technique: Improved image quality and reduced radiation dose
    • doi: 10.1148/radiol.2463070989
    • Earls JP, Berman EL, Urban BA et al (2008) Prospectively gated transverse coronary CT angiography versus retrospectively gated helical technique: Improved image quality and reduced radiation dose. Radiology 246:742-753. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2463070989
    • (2008) Radiology , vol.246 , pp. 742-753
    • Earls, J.P.1    Berman, E.L.2    Urban, B.A.3
  • 24
    • 49049120370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective versus retrospective ECG-gated 64detector coronary CT angiography: Assessment of image quality, stenosis, and radiation dose
    • doi: 10.1148/radiol.2482071804
    • Hirai N, Horiguchi J, Fujioka C et al (2008) Prospective versus retrospective ECG-gated 64detector coronary CT angiography: Assessment of image quality, stenosis, and radiation dose. Radiology 248:424-430. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2482071804
    • (2008) Radiology , vol.248 , pp. 424-430
    • Hirai, N.1    Horiguchi, J.2    Fujioka, C.3
  • 25
    • 38349134611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feasibility of low-dose coronary CT angiography: First experience with prospective ECG-gating
    • doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm613
    • Husmann L, Valenta I, Gaemperli O et al (2008) Feasibility of low-dose coronary CT angiography: First experience with prospective ECG-gating. Eur Heart J 29:191-197. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm613
    • (2008) Eur Heart J , vol.29 , pp. 191-197
    • Husmann, L.1    Valenta, I.2    Gaemperli, O.3
  • 26
    • 50249178242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose CT coronary angiography in the step-and-shoot mode: Diagnostic performance
    • doi: 10.1136/hrt.2008.149971
    • Scheffel H, Alkadhi H, Leschka S et al (2008) Low-dose CT coronary angiography in the step-and-shoot mode: Diagnostic performance. Heart 94:1132-1137. doi: 10.1136/hrt.2008.149971
    • (2008) Heart , vol.94 , pp. 1132-1137
    • Scheffel, H.1    Alkadhi, H.2    Leschka, S.3
  • 27
    • 49049116757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective versus retrospective ECG gating for 64detector CT of the coronary arteries: Comparison of image quality and patient radiation dose
    • doi: 10.1148/radiol.2482072192
    • Shuman WP, Branch KR, May JM et al (2008) Prospective versus retrospective ECG gating for 64detector CT of the coronary arteries: comparison of image quality and patient radiation dose. Radiology 248:431-437. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2482072192
    • (2008) Radiology , vol.248 , pp. 431-437
    • Shuman, W.P.1    Branch, K.R.2    May, J.M.3
  • 28
    • 53749091161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual-source CT in step-andshoot mode: Noninvasive coronary angiography with low radiation dose
    • doi: 10.1148/radiol.2483072032
    • Stolzmann P, Leschka S, Scheffel H et al (2008) Dual-source CT in step-andshoot mode: Noninvasive coronary angiography with low radiation dose. Radiology 249:71-80. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2483072032
    • (2008) Radiology , vol.249 , pp. 71-80
    • Stolzmann, P.1    Leschka, S.2    Scheffel, H.3
  • 29
    • 67849105498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospectively-gated low-dose CCTA: 24 months experience in more than 2,000 clinical cases
    • doi: 10.1007/s10554-008-9388-z
    • Earls JP, Schrack EC (2009) Prospectively-gated low-dose CCTA: 24 months experience in more than 2,000 clinical cases. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. doi: 10.1007/s10554-008-9388-z
    • (2009) Int J Cardiovasc Imaging
    • Earls, J.P.1    Schrack, E.C.2
  • 30
    • 67849097507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective ECG-triggered sequential scan protocol for coronary dual-source CT angiography: Initial experience
    • doi: 10.1007/s10554-008-9409-y
    • Hein F, Meyer T, Hadamitzky M et al (2009) Prospective ECG-triggered sequential scan protocol for coronary dual-source CT angiography: initial experience. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. doi: 10.1007/ s10554-008-9409-y
    • (2009) Int J Cardiovasc Imaging
    • Hein, F.1    Meyer, T.2    Hadamitzky, M.3
  • 31
    • 67849090536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose prospectively gated 256-slice coronary computed tomography angiography
    • doi: 10.1007/s10554-009-9439-0
    • Weigold WG, Olszewski ME, Walker MJ (2009) Low-dose prospectively gated 256-slice coronary computed tomography angiography. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. doi: 10.1007/s10554-009-9439-0
    • (2009) Int J Cardiovasc Imaging
    • Weigold, W.G.1    Olszewski, M.E.2    Walker, M.J.3
  • 32
    • 67849083236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low radiation dose ECG-gated chest CT angiography on a 256-slice multidetector CT scanner
    • doi: 10.1007/s10554-009-9428-3
    • Hameed TA, Teague SD, Vembar M et al (2009) Low radiation dose ECG-gated chest CT angiography on a 256-slice multidetector CT scanner. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. doi: 10.1007/s10554-009-9428-3
    • (2009) Int J Cardiovasc Imaging
    • Hameed, T.A.1    Teague, S.D.2    Vembar, M.3
  • 33
    • 0036580665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multislice helical CT of the heart with retrospective ECG gating: Reduction of radiation exposure by ECG-controlled tube current modulation
    • doi: 10.1007/s00330-001-1278-x
    • Jakobs T, Becker CR, Ohnesorge B et al (2002) Multislice helical CT of the heart with retrospective ECG gating: Reduction of radiation exposure by ECG-controlled tube current modulation. Eur Radiol 12:1081-1086. doi: 10.1007/s00330-001-1278-x
    • (2002) Eur Radiol , vol.12 , pp. 1081-1086
    • Jakobs, T.1    Becker, C.R.2    Ohnesorge, B.3
  • 34
    • 39049158286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiation dose estimates in dual-source computed tomography coronary angiography
    • doi: 10.1007/s00330-007-0786-8
    • Stolzmann P, Scheffel H, Schertler T et al (2008) Radiation dose estimates in dual-source computed tomography coronary angiography. Eur Radiol 18(3):592-599. doi: 10.1007/s00330-007-0786-8
    • (2008) Eur Radiol , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 592-599
    • Stolzmann, P.1    Scheffel, H.2    Schertler, T.3
  • 35
    • 34447338023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Image quality and reconstruction intervals of dual-source CT coronary angiography: Recommendations for ECG-pulsing windowing
    • doi: 10.1097/RLI.0b013e31803b93cf
    • Leschka S, Scheffel H, Desbiolles L et al (2007) Image quality and reconstruction intervals of dual-source CT coronary angiography: recommendations for ECG-pulsing windowing. Invest Radiol 42(8):543-549. doi: 10.1097/RLI.0b013e31803b93cf
    • (2007) Invest Radiol , vol.42 , Issue.8 , pp. 543-549
    • Leschka, S.1    Scheffel, H.2    Desbiolles, L.3
  • 36
    • 45849083130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multidetector computed tomography evaluation of left ventricular volumes: Sources of error and guidelines for their minimization
    • Bardo D, Kachenoura N, Newby B et al (2008) Multidetector computed tomography evaluation of left ventricular volumes: Sources of error and guidelines for their minimization. JCCT 2(4):222-230
    • (2008) JCCT , vol.2 , Issue.4 , pp. 222-230
    • Bardo, D.1    Kachenoura, N.2    Newby, B.3
  • 37
    • 0346901009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individually weight-adapted examination protocol in retrospectively ECG-gated MSCT of the heart
    • doi: 10.1007/s00330-003-2111-5
    • Jung B, Mahnken AH, Stargardt A et al (2003) Individually weight-adapted examination protocol in retrospectively ECG-gated MSCT of the heart. Eur Radiol 13:2560-2566. doi: 10.1007/s00330-003-2111-5
    • (2003) Eur Radiol , vol.13 , pp. 2560-2566
    • Jung, B.1    Mahnken, A.H.2    Stargardt, A.3
  • 38
    • 34247546063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multi-institutional, multi-manufacturer, international standard for the quantification of coronary artery calcium using cardiac CT
    • doi: 10.1148/radiol.2432050808
    • McCollough CH, Ulzheimer S, Halliburton S et al (2007) A multi-institutional, multi-manufacturer, international standard for the quantification of coronary artery calcium using cardiac CT. Radiology 243(2):527-538. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2432050808
    • (2007) Radiology , vol.243 , Issue.2 , pp. 527-538
    • McCollough, C.H.1    Ulzheimer, S.2    Halliburton, S.3
  • 39
    • 22544435185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of different body size parameters for individual dose adaptation in body CT of adults
    • doi: 10.1148/radiol.2362041327
    • Menke J (2005) Comparison of different body size parameters for individual dose adaptation in body CT of adults. Radiology 236(2):565-571. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2362041327
    • (2005) Radiology , vol.236 , Issue.2 , pp. 565-571
    • Menke, J.1
  • 40
    • 34547121691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategies for reduction of radiation dose in cardiac multislice CT
    • doi: 10.1007/s00330-007-0584-3
    • Paul JF, Abada HT (2007) Strategies for reduction of radiation dose in cardiac multislice CT. Eur Radiol 17:2028-2037. doi: 10.1007/ s00330-007-0584-3
    • (2007) Eur Radiol , vol.17 , pp. 2028-2037
    • Paul, J.F.1    Abada, H.T.2
  • 41
    • 25144433343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of an automatic exposure control mechanism for dose optimization in multi-detector row CT examinations: Clinical evaluation
    • doi: 10.1148/radiol.2363041220
    • Mulkens TH, Bellinck P, Baeyaert M et al (2005) Use of an automatic exposure control mechanism for dose optimization in multi-detector row CT examinations: Clinical evaluation. Radiology 237:213-223. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2363041220
    • (2005) Radiology , vol.237 , pp. 213-223
    • Mulkens, T.H.1    Bellinck, P.2    Baeyaert, M.3
  • 42
    • 67949092879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac myocardial perfusion imaging using dual source computed tomography
    • doi: 10.1007/s10554-009-9438-1
    • Blankstein R, Okada DR, Rocha-Filho JA et al (2009) Cardiac myocardial perfusion imaging using dual source computed tomography. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. doi: 10.1007/s10554-009-9438-1
    • (2009) Int J Cardiovasc Imaging
    • Blankstein, R.1    Okada, D.R.2    Rocha-Filho, J.A.3
  • 43
    • 49049083272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low kilovoltage cardiac dual-source CT: Attenuation, noise, and radiation dose
    • doi: 10.1007/s00330-008-0966-1
    • Leschka S, Stolzmann P, Schmid FT et al (2008) Low kilovoltage cardiac dual-source CT: Attenuation, noise, and radiation dose. Eur Radiol 18(9):1809-1817. doi: 10.1007/s00330-008-0966-1
    • (2008) Eur Radiol , vol.18 , Issue.9 , pp. 1809-1817
    • Leschka, S.1    Stolzmann, P.2    Schmid, F.T.3
  • 44
    • 67849094250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low kVp imaging for dose reduction in dual-source cardiac CT
    • doi: 10.1007/s10554-009-9449-y
    • Luaces M, Akers S, Litt H (2009) Low kVp imaging for dose reduction in dual-source cardiac CT. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. doi: 10.1007/ s10554-009-9449-y
    • (2009) Int J Cardiovasc Imaging
    • Luaces, M.1    Akers, S.2    Litt, H.3
  • 45
    • 35649025312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A three-dimensional statistical approach to improved image quality for multislice helical CT
    • doi: 10.1118/1.2789499
    • Thibault J, Sauer KD, Bouman CA et al (2007) A three-dimensional statistical approach to improved image quality for multislice helical CT. Med Phys 34(11):4526-4544. doi: 10.1118/1.2789499
    • (2007) Med Phys , vol.34 , Issue.11 , pp. 4526-4544
    • Thibault, J.1    Sauer, K.D.2    Bouman, C.A.3
  • 46
    • 40049100060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An outlook on X-ray CT research and development
    • Wang G, Yu H, De Man B (2008) An outlook on X-ray CT research and development. Med Phys 35(3):1051-1064
    • (2008) Med Phys , vol.35 , Issue.3 , pp. 1051-1064
    • Wang, G.1    Yu, H.2    De Man, B.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.