Liquid water on Enceladus from observations of ammonia and 40Ar in the plume

Nature

Volumn 460, Issue 7254, 2009, Pages 487-490

  Waite Jr , J H ^a   Lewis, W S ^a   Magee, B A ^a   Lunine, J I ^b   McKinnon, W B ^c   Glein, C R ^d   Mousis, O ^b,e   Young, D T ^a   Brockwell, T ^a   Westlake, J ^a   Nguyen, M J ^a   Teolis, B D ^a   Niemann, H B ^f   McNutt Jr , R L ^g   Perry, M ^g   Ip, W H ^h  

^a SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

^c WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques La Bouloie   (France)

^f NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^g JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORY   (United States)

^h NATIONAL CENTRAL UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMMONIA; ARGON; BIOMATERIAL; DEUTERIUM; HYDROGEN; ICE; ORGANIC COMPOUND; VOLATILE AGENT; WATER;

AMMONIA; ARGON; ATMOSPHERIC PLUME; CLATHRATE; DEUTERIUM; EXTRATERRESTRIAL MATTER; ICE; PLANETARY ATMOSPHERE; PLANETARY SATELLITE; SATURN;

ARTICLE; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; DECOMPOSITION; GEOLOGICAL TIME; HISTOGRAM; LIQUID; MASS SPECTROMETRY; PLUME; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESERVOIR; SURFACE PROPERTY; TEMPERATURE;

EID: 67749097615     PISSN: 00280836     EISSN: 14764687     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nature08153     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Porco, C. C. et al. Cassini observes the active south pole of Enceladus. Science 311, 1393-1401 (2006).
2. Dougherty, M. K. et al. Identification of a dynamic atmosphere at Enceladus with the Cassini Magnetometer. Science 311, 1406-1409 (2006).
3. Waite, J. H. Jr et al. Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer: Enceladus plume composition and structure. Science 311, 1419-1422 (2006).
4. Hansen, C. J. et al. Enceladus' water vapor plume. Science 311, 1423-1425 (2006).
5. Spahn, F. et al. Cassini dust measurements at Enceladus and implications for the origin of the E ring. Science 311, 1416-1418 (2006).
6. Postberg, F. et al. Sodium salts in E-ring ice grains from an ocean below the surface of Enceladus. Nature 459, 1098-1101 (2009).
7. Kieffer, S. W. et al. A clathrate reservoir hypothesis for Enceladus' south polar plume. Science 314, 1764-1766 (2006).
8. Spencer, J. et al. High spatial resolution observations of thermal emission from Enceladus' active south pole. Eos 89 (Fall Meet. Suppl.), abstr. P23B-1372 (2008).
9. Waite, J. H. Jr et al. The Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) investigation. Space Sci. Rev. 114, 113-231 (2004).
10. Owen, T. On the origin of Titan's atmosphere. Planet. Space Sci. 48, 747-752 (2000).
11. Niemann, H. B. et al. The abundances of constituents of Titan's atmosphere from the GCMS instrument on the Huygens probe. Nature 438, 779-784 (2005).
12. Lopes, R. M. C. et al. Cryovolcanic features on Titan's surface as revealed by the Cassini Titan Radar Mapper. Icarus 186, 395-412 (2007).
13. Roberts, J. H. & Nimmo, F. Tidal heating and the long-term stability of a subsurface ocean on Enceladus. Icarus 194, 675-689 (2007).
14. Tobie, G., Čadek, O. & Sotin, C. Solid tidal friction above a liquid water reservoir as the origin of the south pole hotspot on Enceladus. Icarus 196, 642-652 (2008).
15. Matson, D. L., Castillo, J. C., Lunine, J. I. & Johnson, T. V. Enceladus' plume: compositional evidence for a hot interior. Icarus 187, 569-573 (2007).
16. Bockelée-Morvan, D., Crovisier, J., Mumma, M. J. & Weaver, H. A. in Comets II (eds Festou, M. C., Keller, H. U. & Weaver, H. A.) 391-423 (Univ. Arizona Press, 2004).
17. Glein, C. R., Zolotov, M. Y. & Shock, E. L. The oxidation state of hydrothermal systems on early Enceladus. Icarus 197, 157-163 (2008).
18. Miyakawa, S. et al. The cold origin of life: A. Implications based on the hydrolytic stabilities of hydrogen cyanide and formamide. Orig. Life Evol. Biosph. 32, 195-208 (2002).
19. Lodders, K. & Fegley, B. Jr A Planetary Scientist's Companion (Oxford Univ. Press, 1998).
20. Zolotov, M. Y. An oceanic composition on early and today's Enceladus. Geophys. Res. Lett. 34, L23203, doi:10.1029/2007GL031234 (2007).
21. Meyer, J. & Wisdom, J. Tidal heating in Enceladus. Icarus 188, 235-239 (2007).
22. Geiss, J. & Gloeckler, G. Abundances of deuterium and helium in the protosolar cloud. Space Sci. Rev. 84, 239-250 (1998).
23. Horner, J., Mousis, O., Alibert, Y., Lunine, J. I. & Blanc, M. Constraints on the formation of icy bodies in the Jovian system and beyond. Planet. Space Sci. 56, 1585-1595 (2008).
24. Canup, R. M. & Ward, W. R. Formation of the Galilean satellites: conditions of accretion. Astron. J. 124, 3404-3423 (2002).
25. Mousis, O. et al. Clathration of volatiles in the solar nebula and implications for the origin of Titan's atmosphere. Astrophys. J. 691, 1780-1786 (2009).
26. Shock, E. L. & McKinnon, W. B. Hydrothermal processing of cometary volatiles: applications to Triton. Icarus 106, 464-477 (1993).
27. Hansen, C. J. et al. Water vapour jets inside the plume of gas leaving Enceladus. Nature 456, 477-479 (2008).
28. Schmidt, J., Brillantov, N., Spahn, F. & Kempf, S. Slow dust in Enceladus' plume from condensation and wall collisions in tiger stripe fractures. Nature 451, 685-688 (2008).
29. Nimmo, F., Spencer, J. R., Pappalardo, R. T. & Mullen, M. E. Shear heating as the origin of the plumes and heat flux on Enceladus. Nature 447, 289-291 (2007).
30. Fortes, A. D. Metasomatic clathrate xenoliths as a possible source for the south polar plumes of Enceladus. Icarus 191, 743-748 (2007).