Role of borna disease virus in neuropsychiatric illnesses : AAre we inching closer?

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology

Volumn 27, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 191-201

  Thakur, R ^a   Sarma, S ^a   Sharma, B ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR AND ALLIED SCIENCES   (India)

Author keywords

Borna disease virus; Emerging infection; Neuropsychiatric illnesses

Indexed keywords

AMANTADINE; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR; VIRUS RNA;

ANTIBODY DETECTION; ANTIGEN ANTIBODY COMPLEX; BEHAVIOR DISORDER; BIPOLAR DISORDER; BORNA DISEASE; BORNA DISEASE VIRUS; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE MARKER; DRUG EFFICACY; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; LIFE CYCLE; LIMBIC SYSTEM; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MENTAL DISEASE; MOOD DISORDER; NONHUMAN; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA; TARGET CELL; TREATMENT DURATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT RESPONSE; VIRUS GENOME; VIRUS PATHOGENESIS; WESTERN BLOTTING;

EID: 67749091374     PISSN: 02550857     EISSN: 19983646     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.53200     Document Type: Review

References (86)

1. Albrecht P, Torrey EF, Boone E, Hicks JT, Daniel N. Raised cytomegalovirus antibody level in cerebrospinal fuid of schizophrenia patients. Lancet 1980;2:769-72.
2. Halonen PE, Rimon R, Arhonka K, Jantti V. Antibody levels to herpes simplex type 1, measles and rubella virus in psychiatric patients. Br J Psychiatry 1974;125:461-5.
3. O'Callaghan, Sham P, Takei N, Glover G, Murray RM. Schizophrenia after prenatal exposure to 1957 A2 infuenza epidemic. Lancet 1991;337:1248-50.
4. Staeheli P, Lieb K. Bornavirus and psychiatric disorders-fact or fction? J Med Microbiol 2001;50:579-81.
5. Schneemann A, Schneider PA, Lamb RA, Lipkin WI. The remarkable coding strategy of Borna virus: A new member of nonsegmented negative strand RNA viruses. Virology 1995;210:1-8.
6. Berg M, Johanasson M, Montell H, Berg AL. Wild bird as a natural reservoir of Borna disease virus. Epidemiol Infect 2001;127:173-8.
7. Webster RG. Infuenza virus: Transmission between species and relevance to emergence of the next human pandemic. Arch Virol Suppl 1997;13:105-13.
8. Rott R, Herzog S, Bechter K, Frese K. Borna disease: A possible hazard for human? Arch Virol 1991;118:143-9.
9. Morales JA, Herzog S, Kompter C, Frese K, Rott R. Axonal transport of Borna disease virus along olfactory pathways in spontaneously and experimentally infected rats. Med Microiol Immunol 1988;177:51-68.
10. Zimmermann W, Breter H, Rudolph M, Ludwig H. Borna disease virus: Immunoelectron microscopic characterization of cell free virus and further information about the genome. J Virol 1994;68:6755-8.
11. Kohno T, Goto T, Takasaki T, Morita C, Nakaya T, Ikuta K, et al. Fine structure and morphogenesis of Borna disease virus. J Virol 1999;73:760-6.
12. Lieb K, Staeheli P. Borna disease virus- does it infect humans and cause psychiatric disorders? J Clin Virol 2001;21:119-27.
13. de la Torre JC. Molecular biology of Borna disease virus and persistence. Front Biosci 2002;7:d569-79.
14. Wolffe T, Pfeger R, Wehner T, Reinhaerdt J, Richt JA. A short leucin-rich sequence in the Borna disease virus p10 protein mediates association with the viral phospho and nucleoproteins. J General Virol 2000;81:939-47.
15. Schmid S, Mayer D, Schneider U, Schwemmle M. Functional characterization of the major and minor phosphorylation sites of the P protein of Borna Disease Virus. J Virol 2007;81:5497-507.
16. Chase G, Mayer D, Hildebrand A, Frank R, Hayashi Y, Tomonga K, et al. Borna Disease Virus matrix protein is an integral component of the viral ribonucleoprotein complex that does not interfere with polymerase activity. J Virol 2007;81:743-9.
17. Poenisch M, Wille S, Ackermann A, Staeheli P, Schneider U. The X protein of Borna Disease Virus serves essential functions in the viral multiplication cycle. J Virol 2007;81:7297-9.
18. Schwardt M, Mayer D, Frank R, Schneider U, Eickmann M, Planz O, et al. The negative regulator of Borna Disease Virus polymerase is a non-structural protein. J Gen Virol 2005;86:3163-9.
19. Gonzalez-Dunia D, Cubit B, de la Torre JC. Mechanism of Borna disease virus entry into cells. J Virol 1998;72:783-8.
20. Gonzalez-Dunia D, Cubit B, Grasser FA, de la Torre JC. Characterization of Borna disease virus p56 protein, a surface glycoprotein involved in virus entry. J Virol 1997;71:3208-18.
21. Perez M, Watanabe M, Whitt MA, de la Torre JC. N-terminal domain of Borna disease virus G (p56) protein is suffcient for virus receptor recognition and cell entry. J Virol 2001;75: 7078-85.
22. Compans RW, Melsen LR, de la Torre JC. Virus like particles in MDCK cells persistently infected with Borna disease virus. Virus Res 1994;33:261-8.
23. Ludwig H, Bode L, Gosztonyi G. Borna disease: A persistent virus infection of the central nervous system. Prog Med Virol 1988;35:107-51.
24. Shanker V, Kao M, Hamir A, Sheng H, Koprowaski H, Dietzschold B. Kinetics of virus spread and change in levels of several cytokines mRNA in the brain after intranasal infection of rats with Borna disease virus. J Virol 1992;66:992-8.
25. Bilzer T, Stitz L. Immunopathogenesis of virus affecting the central nervous system. Crit Rev Immunol 1996;16:145-222.
26. Duplan V, Suberbielle E, Napper CE, Joly E, Saoudi A, Gonzalez-Dunia D. Tracking antigen-specifc CD8 + T cells in the rat using MHC class 1 multimers. J Immunol Methods 2007;320:30-9.
27. Gosztonyi G, Ludwig H. Borna disease-neuropathology and pathogenesis. Curr Top Micrbiol Immunol 1995;190:39-73.
28. de la Torre JC. Bornavirus and the brain. J Infect Dis 2002;186:S241-7.
29. Stitz L, Noske K, Planz O, Furrer E, Lipkin WI, Bilzer T. A functional role for neutralizing antibodies in Borna disease: Infuence on virus tropism outside the central nervous system. J Virol 1998;72:8884-92.
30. Stitz L, Dietzschold B, Carbone KM. Immunopathogenesis of Borna disease. Curr Top Micrbiol Immunol 1995;190:75-92.
31. Solbrig MV, Koof GF, Joye JN, Lipkin WI. A neural substrate of hyperactivity in Borna disease change in brain dopamine receptors. Virology 1996;222:332-7.
32. Lipkin WI, Hatalski CG, Briese T. Neurobiology of Borna disease virus. J Neurovirol 1997;3:S17-20.
33. Gies U, Bilzer T, Stitz L, Statiger JF. Disturbances of cortical cholinergic innervation in Borna disease prior to encephalitis. Brain Pathol 1998;8:39-48.
34. Bode L, Durrwald R, Rantam FA, Ferszt R, Ludwig H. First isolates of infectious human Borna disease virus from patients with mood disorders. Mol Psychiatry 1996;1:200-12.
35. Planz O, Rentzsch C, Batra A, Winkler T, Buttner M, Rziha HJ, Stitz L. Pathogenesis of Borna disease virus: granulocyte fractions of psychiatric patients harbour infectious virus in the absence of anti-viral antibodies. J Virol 1999;73:6251-6.
36. Nakamura Y, Takahashi H, Shoya Y, Nakaya T, Watanabe M, Tomonaga K, et al. Isolation of Borna disease virus from human brain tissue. J Virol 2000;74:4601-11.
37. Bode L. Human infections with Borna disease virus and potential pathogenic implications. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1995;190:103-30.
38. Ludwig H, Becht H. Borna disease: A summary of our present knowledge. In: Meulen V.ter, Katz M, editors. Slow virus infections of the central nervous system: investigational approaches to etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases. New York NY; Springer; 1977. p. 75-83.
39. Evenguard B, Briese T, Lindh G, Lee S, Lipkin WI. Absence of Borna disease virus infection in Swedish patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Neurovirol 1999;5:495-9.
40. Lipin WI, Hornig M, Briese T. Borna disease virus and neuropsychiatric disease: A reappraisal. Trends Microbiol 2001;9:295-8.
41. Ludwig H, Furuya K, Bode L, Klein N, Durrwald R, Lee DS. Biology and neurobiology of Borna disease viruses (BDV), defned by antibodies, neutralizability and their pathogenic potential. Arch Virol Suppl 1993;7:111-3.
42. Fukuda K, Takahashi K, Iwata Y, Mori N, Gonad K, Ogawa T, et al. Immunological and PCR analysis for Borna disease virus in psychiatric patients and blood donors in Japan. J Clin Microbiol 2001;39:419-29.
43. Yamaguchi K, Sawada T, Naraki T, Igata-Yi R, Shiraki H, Horii Y, et al. Detection of Borna disease virus-reactive antibodies from patients with psychiatric disorders and from horses by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 1999;6:696-700.
44. Allmang U, Hofer M, Herzog S, Bechter K, Staehell P. Low avidity of human serum antibodies to Borna disease virus antigen questions their diagnostic value. Mol Psychiatry 2001;6:329-33.
45. Bode L, Ludwig H. Borna Disease virus infection: A human mental - health risk. Clin Microbiol Rev 2003;16:534-45.
46. Bode L, Reckwald P, Severus WE, Stoyloff R, Ferszt R, Dietrich DE, et al. Borna disease virus-specifc circulating immune complexes, antigenemia, and free antibodies - the key marker triplet determining infection and prevailing in severe mood disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2001;6:481-91.
47. Bode L, Ludwig H. Borna disease virus: A threat for human mental health? In: Smith GL, Irving WL, McCauley JW, Rowlands DJ, editors. New challenges to health: the threat of virus infection. Society for General Microbiology, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, England; 2001. p. 269-310.
48. Bode L, Zimmermann W, Ferszt R, Steinbach F, Ludwig H. Borna disease virus genome transcribed and expressed in psychiatric patients. Nat Med 1995;1:232-6.
49. De la Torre JC, Gonzalez-Dunia D, Cubitt B, Mallory M, Mueller-Lantzsch N, Grasser FA, et al. Detection of Borna disease virus antigen and RNA in human autopsy brain samples from neuropsychiatric patients. Virology 1996;223:272-82.
50. Czygan M, Hallensleben W, Hofer M, Pollak S, Sauder C, Bilzer T, et al. Borna disease virus in human brains with a rare form of hippocampal degeneration but not in patients with common neuropsychiatric disorders. J Infect Dis 1999;180:1695-9.
51. Nakamura K, Takahashi H, Shoya Y, Nakaya T, Watanabe M, Tomonanga K, et al. Isolation of Borna disease virus from human brain tissue. J Virol 2000;74:4601-11.
52. Godwin FK, Jamison KR. Manic-depressive illness. Oxford University Press: New York, N.Y; 1990.
53. Ikuta K, Ibrahim MS, Kobayashi T, Tomonaga K. Borna disease virus and infection in humans. Front Biosci 2002;7:d470-95.
54. Nowotny N, Kolodziejek J. Demonstration of Borna disease virus nucleic acid in a patient with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Infect Dis 2000;181:1860-2.
55. Salvatore M, Morzunov S, Schwemmle M, Lipkin WI. Borna disease study group. Borna virus in brains of North America and European people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. Lancet 1997;349:1813-4.
56. Deuschle M, Bode L, Heuser I, Schmider J, Ludwig H. Borna disease virus protein in cerebrospinal fuid of patients with recurrent depression and multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1998;352:1828-9.
57. Zhen FF, Amsterdam JD, Kao M, Shanker V, Koprowaski H, Dietzschold B. Detection of Borna disease virus reactive antibodies from patients with affective disorders by Western immunoblot technique. J Affect Disord 1993;27:61-8.
58. nd, Buchanan RW, Summerfelt A, Breier A, Carpenter WT Jr, Bryant NL, et al. Borna disease virus and schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 1995;56:33-44.
59. Horimoto T, Takahashi H, Sakaguchi M, Horikoshi K, Iritani S, Kazamatsuri H, et al. A reverse type sandwich Enzyme -Linked Immunosorbent Assay for detecting antibodies to Borna disease virus. J Clin Microbiol 1997;35:1661-6.
60. Iwahashi K, Watanabe M, Nakamura K, Suwaki H, Nakaya T, Nakamura Y, et al. Positive and negative syndromes and Borna disease virus infection in schizophrenia. Neuropsychobiology 1998;37:59-64.
61. Rybakowski F, Sawada T, Yamaguchi K, Rajewski A, Rybakowski J. Borna disease virus-reactive antibodies in Polish psychiatric patients. Med Sci Monit 2002;8:CR642-6.
62. Kishi M, Nakaya T, Nakamura Y, Kakinuma M, Takahashi TA, Sekiguchi S, et al. Prevalence of Borna disease virus RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from blood donors. Med Microbiol Immunol 1995;184:135-8.
63. Davidson F, Lycett C, Petrik J, Fazakerley JK. Investigation of frequency of active Borna disease virus infection in Scottish blood donors. Vox Sang 2004;86:148-50.
64. de la Torre JC, Bode L, Durrwald R, Cubitt B, Ludwig H. Sequence characterization of human Borna disease virus. Virus Res 1996;44:33-44.
65. Planz O, Rziha HJ, Stitz L. Genetic relationship of Borna disease virus isolates. Virus Genes 2003;26:25-30.
66. Kornhuber J, Weller M, Schoppmeyer K, Riederer P. Amantadine and memantine are NMDA receptor antagonists with neuroprotective properties. J Neural Transm Suppl 1994;43:91-104.
67. Bode L, Dietrich DE, Stoyloff R, Emrich HM, Ludwig H. Amantidine and human Borna disease virus in vitro and In vivo in an infected patient with bipolar depression. Lancet 1997;349:178-9.
68. Amsterdam JD, Winokur A, Dyson W, Herzog S, Gonzalez F, Rott R, et al. Borna disease virus: A possible etiological factor in human affective disorders? Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;42:1093-6.
69. Gosztonyi G, Ludwig H. Neurotransmitter receptor and viral neurotropism. Neuropsychiatry Clin 1984;3:107-14.
70. Briese T, Hornig M, Lipkin WI. Borna virus immunopathogenesis in rodents: Model for human neurological diseases. J Neurovirol 1999;5:604-12.
71. Rott R, Herzog S, Fleischer B, Winokur A, Amsterdam J, Dyson W, et al. Detection of serum antibodies to Borna disease virus in patients with psychiatric disorders. Science 1985;228:755-6.
72. Kishi M, Nakaya T, Nakamura Y, Zhong Q, Ikeda K, Senzo M, et al. Demonstration of human Borna disease virus RNA in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. FEBS Lett 1995;364:293-7.
73. Sauder C, Muller A, Cubitt B, Mayer J, Steinmetz J, Trabert JC, et al. Detection of Borna disease virus (BDV) antibodies and BDV RNA in psychiatric patients: Evidence for high sequence conservation of human blood derived BDV RNA. J Virol 1996;70:7713-24.
74. Igata-Yi R, Yamaguchi K, Yoshiki K, Takemoto S, Yamasaki H, Matsuoka M, et al. Borna disease virus and consumption of raw horse meat. Nat Med 1996;2:948-9.
75. Lieb K, Hallensleben W, Czygan M, Stitz L, Staeheli P. No Borna disease virus specifc RNA detected in blood from psychiatric patients in different regions of Germany. Lancet 1997;350:1002.
76. Takahashi H, Nakaya T, Nakamura Y, Asahi S, Onishi Y, Ikebuchi K, et al. Higher prevalence of Borna disease virus infection in blood donors living near thoroughbred horse farms. J Med Virol 1997;52:330-5.
77. Richt JA, Alexender RC, Herzog S, Hooper DC, Kean R, Spitsin S, et al. Failure to detect Borna disease virus infection in peripheral leucocytes from humans with psychiatric disorders. J Neurovirol 1997;3:174-8.
78. Iwata Y, Takahashi K, Peng X, Fukuda K, Ohno K, Ogawa T, et al. Detection and sequence analysis of Borna disease virus p24 RNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with mood disorders or schizophrenia and of blood donors. J Virol 1998;72:10044-9.
79. Kim YK, Kim SH, Choi SH, Ko YH, Kim L, Lee MS, et al. Failure to demonstrate Borna disease virus genome in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from psychiatric patients in Korea. J Neurovirol 1999;5:196-9.
80. Chen CH, Chiu YL, Shaw CK, Tsai MT, Hwang AL, Hsiao KJ. Detection of Borna disease virus RNA from peripheral blood cells in schizophrenia patients and mental health workers. Mol Psychiatry 1999;4:556-71.
81. Bachmann S, Caplazi P, Ficher M, Ehernsperger F, Cone RW. Lack of association between Borna disease virus infection and neurological disorders among HIV infected individuals. J Neurovirol 1999;5:190-5.
82. Nakaya T, Takahashi H, Nakamur Y, Kuratsune H, Kitani T, Machii T, et al. Borna disease virus infection in two family clusters of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Microbiol Immunol 1999;43:679-89.
83. Tsuji K, Toyomasu K, Imamura Y, Maeda H, Toyoda T. No association of Borna disease virus with psychiatric disorders among patients in Northern Kyushu, Japan. J Med Virol 2000;61:336-40.
84. Sierra-Honigmann AM, Carbone KM, Yolken RH. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) search for viral nucleic acid sequence in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 1995;166:55-60.
85. Haga S, Motoi Y, Ikeda K; The Japan Bornavirus Study Group. Borna disease virus and neuropsychiatric disorders. Lancet 1997;350:592-3.
86. Haga S, Yoshimura M, Motoi Y, Arima K, Aizawa T, Ikuta K, et al. Detection of Borna disease virus in normal human brain tissue. Brain Res 1997;770:307-9.