Singapore: Does authoritarianism pay?

Journal of Democracy

Volumn 20, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 18-32

  Verweij, Marco ^a   Pelizzo, Riccardo ^b  

^a JACOBS UNIVERSITY BREMEN   (Germany)

^b GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 67651244687     PISSN: 10455736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Robert D. Kaplan, "Here's Your Vote: Liberty Can Wait," New York Times, 10 April 2003.
2. For example, Fareed Zakaria, The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad (New York: Norton, 2003), 54, 251;
3. Ezra Vogel, The Four Little Dragons (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1991), ch. 5;
4. Simon Montlake, "Singapore: A Model for China?" Christian Science Monitor, 26 May 2004.
5. Terry McCarthy, "Lee Kuan Yew," Time (Asia), 23-30 August 1999. Available at www.time.com/time/asia/asia/magazine/1999/990823/ lee1.html.
6. Thomas Carothers, "How Democracies Emerge: The Sequencing Fallacy," Journal of Democracy 18 (January 2007): 15. Similar claims about Singapore are made in Michael A. McFaul and Kathryn Stoner-Weiss, "The Myth of the Authoritarian Model: How Putin's Crackdown Holds Russia Back," Foreign Affairs 87 (January-February 2008): 68-84;
7. and Joseph Siegle, Michael Weinstein, and Morton Halperin, "Why Democracies Excel," Foreign Affairs 83 (September-October 2004): 57-71.
8. Gavin Peebles and Peter Wilson, Economic Growth and Development in Singapore (Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar, 2002), 136.
9. Peebles and Wilson, Economic Growth and Development in Singapore, 78.
10. Geert De Clercq and Jacqueline Wong, "Singapore's Economic Boom Widens Income Gap," Reuters, 9 November 2007.
11. Statistics Singapore, "Key Indicators of the Resident Population and Resident Households," ix. Available at www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/popn/ ghsr2/indicators.pdf.
12. Statistics Singapore, General Household Survey 2005: Statistical Release 1-Socio-Demographic and Economic Characteristics (Singapore: Statistics Singapore, 2005), 29, Table 6, available at www.singstat.gov.sg/ pubn/popn/ghsr1/chap3.pdf;
13. and the Conference Board and Groningen Growth and Development Centre, Total Economy Database, September 2008. Available at www.conference-board. org/economics/database.cfm#7.
14. Quoted in Wayne Arnold, "Funds: For Many, a Paltry Payoff from Singapore's Savings Plan," International Herald Tribune, 14 May 2005.
15. Chua Hak Bin, "Singapore Economy: The New and the Dual," in Tan Tarn How, ed., Singapore Perspectives 2007: A New Singapore (Singapore: World Scientific, 2007), 17.
16. Figures from Brenda S.A. Yeoh, "Migration and Social Diversity in Singapore," in Tan, Singapore Perspectives 2007, 48; and Chua, "Singapore Economy," 10.
17. Alwyn Young, "A Tale of Two Cities," in Oliver Jean Blanchard and Stanley Fischer, eds., NBER Macroeconomics Annual 1992 (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1992), 28-30.
18. Quoted in Peter Wilson and Gavin Peebles, "Don't Frighten the Horses-The Political Economy of Singapore's Foreign Exchange Rate Regime since 1981," SCAPE Working Paper No. 2005/06, Singapore Centre for Applied and Policy Economics, May 2005, 24-25.
19. Quoted in Lam Peng Er, "The Organisational Utility Men: Toh Chin Chye and Lim Kim San," in Lam Peng Er and Kevin Y.L. Tan, eds., Lee's Lieutenants: Singapore's Old Guard (London: Allen and Unwin, 2000), 15-16.
20. Lee Kuan Yew, From Third World to First: The Singapore Story, 1965-2000 (Singapore: Marshall Cavendish, 2000), 606;
21. see, for comparison, Goh Keng Swee, The Wealth of Asian Nations (Singapore: Marshall Cavendish, 2004), 30, 33, 38, 39, 43, 342-43;
22. Hon Hui Sen, Strategies of Singapore's Economic Success (Singapore: Marshall Cavendish, 2004), 6-7.
23. Sikko Visscher, The Business of Politics and Ethnicity: A History of the Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry (Singapore: NUS Press, 2007), 5.
24. Visscher, Business of Politics and Ethnicity, 75.
25. Simon S.C. Tay, ed., A Mandarin and the Making of Public Policy: Reflections by Ngiam Tong Dow (Singapore: NUS Press, 2006), 29.
26. Catherine Lim, "Managing Political Dissent: Uniquely Singapore," in Lai Ah Eng, ed., Singapore Perspectives 2006: Going Glocal-Being Singaporean in a Globalised World (Singapore: Marshall Cavendish, 2006).
27. Visscher, Business of Politics and Ethnicity, 129, 141-74.