Polio eradication: Strengthening the weakest links

Health Affairs

Volumn 28, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 1079-1090

  Barrett, Scott ^a  

^a Howard Hughes Medical Institute   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INACTIVATED VACCINE; LIVE VACCINE; ORAL POLIOMYELITIS VACCINE; POLIOMYELITIS VACCINE;

AFGHANISTAN; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG TREATMENT FAILURE; EPIDEMIC; ERADICATION THERAPY; HEALTH CARE COST; HUMAN; INDIA; NIGERIA; PAKISTAN; POLIOMYELITIS; POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS; PREVALENCE; REVIEW; VACCINATION; VIRUS TRANSMISSION; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; HUMANS; IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMS; POLIOMYELITIS; POLIOVIRUS; POLIOVIRUS VACCINE, ORAL; WORLD HEALTH;

EID: 67651218837     PISSN: 02782715     EISSN: 15445208     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.28.4.1079     Document Type: Review

References (32)

1. The data here are from the Global Polio Eradication Initiative Web site, http://www.polioeradication.org.
2. See S. Barrett and M. Hoel, "Optimal Disease Eradication," Environment and Development Economics 12, no. 5 (2007): 1-26;
3. and K.M. Thompson and R.J. Tebbens, "Eradication versus Control for Poliomyelitis: An Economic Analysis," Lancet 369, no. 9570 (2007): 1363-1371.
4. See M. Miller, S. Barrett, and D.A. Henderson, "Control and Eradication," in Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, 2d ed., ed. D.T. Jamison et al. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006).
5. D. Walsh, "Polio Cases Jump in Pakistan as Clerics Declare Vaccination an American Plot," Guardian, 15 February 2007.
6. C. Gall, "Bomb Kills Doctor in Pakistani Border Region," New York Times, 17 February 2007.
7. See also GPEI, "Monthly Situation Reports," September 2008, http://www.polioeradication.org/content/general/poliositrepSeptember2008.asp (accessed 13 April 2009).
8. A.S. Jegede, "What Led to the Nigerian Boycott of the Polio Vaccination Campaign?" PLoS Medicine 4, no. 3 (2007): e73.
9. E. Renne, "Perspectives on Polio and Immunization in Northern Nigeria," Social Science and Medicine 63, no. 7 (2006): 1857-1869.
10. H.E. Jenkins et al., "Effectiveness of Immunization against Paralytic Poliomyelitis in Nigeria," New England Journal of Medicine 359, no. 16 (2008): 1666-1674.
11. Ibid.
12. N.C. Grassly et al., "New Strategies for the Elimination of Polio from India," Science 314, no. 5802 (2006): 1150-1153.
13. N.C. Grassly et al., "Protective Efficacy of a Monovalent Oral Type 1 Poliovirus Vaccine: A Case-Control Study," Lancet 369, no. 9570 (2007): 1356-1362.
14. World Health Organization/UNICEF, Global Polio Eradication Initiative: Budgetary Implications of the GPEI Strategic Plan and Financial Resource Requirements, 2009-2013, as of January 2009, http://www.polioeradication. org/content/general/FinalFRR-English2009-2013-January09.pdf (accessed 13 May 2009).
15. L. Roberts, "Polio: The Final Assault?" Science 303, no. 5666 (2004): 1960-1968.
16. Financing of smallpox eradication proved difficult even when success seemed dead certain. See S. Barrett, "The Smallpox Eradication Game," Public Choice 130, no. 1 (2006): 179-207.
17. An empirical investigation of an outbreak of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus on Madura Island in Indonesia concluded that this virus was "not clinically or epidemiologically different from that caused by [wild virus]." See C.F. Estívariz et al., "A Large Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Outbreak on Madura Island-Indonesia, 2005," Journal of Infectious Diseases 197, no. 3 (2008): 347-254.
18. See R.B. Aylward, R.W. Sutter, and D.L. Heymann, "OPV Cessation - The Final Step to a 'Polio-Free' World," Science 310, no. 5748 (2006): 625-626;
19. and R.J. Tebbens et al., "Risks of Paralytic Disease Due to Wild or Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus after Eradication," Risk Analysis 26, no. 6 (2006): 1471-1505.
20. C. MacLennan et al., "Failure to Clear Persistent Vaccine-Derived Neurovirulent Poliovirus Infection in an Immunodeficient Man," Lancet 363, no. 9420 (2004): 1509-1513.
21. See "Poliovirus Infections in Four Unvaccinated Children - Minnesota, August-October 2005," Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 54, no. 11 (2005): 1053-1055.
22. W.R. Dowdle et al., "Will Containment of Wild Poliovirus in Laboratories and Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Production Sites Be Effective for Global Certification?" Bulletin of the World Health Organization 82, no. 1 (2004): 59-62.
23. For a detailed assessment of the risks, see W. Dowdle, "Containment of Polioviruses after Eradication and OPV Cessation: Characterizing Risks to Improve Management," Risk Analysis 26, no. 6 (2006): 1449-1469.
24. Dowdle et al., "Will Containment of Wild Poliovirus?"
25. D.L. Heymann, R.W. Sutter, and R.B. Aylward, "A Global Call for New Polio Vaccines," Nature 434, no. 7035 (2005): 699-700.
26. Dowdle et al., "Will Containment of Wild Poliovirus?"
27. A.W. Dove and V.R. Racaniello, "The Polio Eradication Effort: Should Vaccine Eradication Be Next?" Science 277, no. 5327 (1997): 779-780.
28. "Progress toward Poliomyelitis Eradication - Poliomyelitis Outbreak in Sudan, 2004," Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 54, no. 4 (2005): 97-99.
29. See GPEI, "FAQs on OPV Cessation," http://www.polioeradication. org/content/fixed/opvcessation/opvc-QA.asp#13 (accessed 13 April 2009).
30. X. Liu et al., OPV vs. IPV: Past and Future Choice of Vaccine in the Global Polio Eradication Program (Bethesda, Md.: Abt Associates, 2003).
31. See WHO/UNICEF, Global Polio Eradication Initiative.
32. S.S. Blume, "Lock In, the State, and Vaccine Development: Lessons from the History of the Polio Vaccines," Research Policy 34, no. 2 (2005): 159-173.