Cheeseburgers, race, and paternalism

Journal of Legal Medicine

Volumn 30, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 249-267

  Creighton, Robert ^a  

^a SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AFRICAN AMERICAN; CATERING SERVICE; COMMERCIAL PHENOMENA; FAST FOOD; GOVERNMENT REGULATION; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HUMAN; INDUSTRY; LAW SUIT; OBESITY; PATERNALISM; POVERTY; PUBLIC HEALTH; RACE; REVIEW; UNITED STATES;

DIET; GOVERNMENT REGULATION; HUMANS; LOCAL GOVERNMENT; LOS ANGELES; MINORITY GROUPS; PATERNALISM; PUBLIC POLICY; RESTAURANTS;

EID: 67651183868     PISSN: 01947648     EISSN: 1521057X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01947640902936571     Document Type: Review

References (131)

1. The Fast Food Explorer, available at http://www.fatcalories.com/ calculator-arbys.cfm (last visited Feb. 2, 2009).
2. Id.
3. Id.
4. Id.
5. Id.
6. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, A HEALTHIER YOU (2005), available at http://www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/dga2005/healthieryou/html/chapter4.html (last visited Feb. 2, 2009).
7. Id.
8. Los Angeles City Council Ordinance 180103 can be found at http://clkrep.lacity.org/ onlinedocs/2007/07-1658-ord-180103.pdf (last visited Feb. 2, 2009) [hereinafter Los Angeles Ordinance].
9. Id.
10. Id.
11. Id.
12. Id.
13. Id.
14. See id.; see also Press Release, Jan C. Perry, Councilwoman Ninth District, S. Los Angeles Fast Food Interim Control Ordinance Unanimously Approved by Los Angeles City Council (July 29, 2008) (on file with author).
15. Los Angeles Ordinance, supra note 8.
16. Id.
17. See id.; see also Press Release, supra note 14.
18. Press Release, supra note 14.
19. See Los Angeles Ordinance, supra note 8;
20. see also Press Release, supra note 14.
21. Kim Severson, Los Angeles Stages a Fast Food Intervention, N.Y. Times, Aug. 12, 2008, at F1, available at http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/ 13/dining/13calo.html (last visited Feb. 2, 2009).
22. Associated Press, Los Angeles Council Poised to Ban Fast Food in Poor Neighborhood, USA TODAY, July 29, 2008, available at http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2008-07-29-los-angeles-fast-food-N.htm?loc= interstitialskip&POE=click-refer (last visited Feb. 2, 2009).
23. See Los Angeles Ordinance, supra note 8;
24. see also Press Release, supra note 14.
25. See Los Angeles Ordinance, supra note 8;
26. see also Press Release, supra note 14.
27. See Associated Press, supra note 21.
28. Id.
29. Id.
30. Id.
31. Id.
32. Tami Abdollah, A Strict Order for Fast Food, L.A. TIMES, Sept.10, 2008, at A1.
33. Severson, supra note 20, at F1.
34. See Associated Press, supra note 21.
35. Id.
36. Id.
37. Abdollah, supra note 29, at A1.
38. Id.
39. Id.
40. Juliet Sims, City Smart to Go After Unhealthy Food, DAILY NEWS OF LOS ANGELES, Nov. 25, 2007, at V1 ("Everyone eats. But what and how much we eat is greatly affected by the sort of food that is available around us.").
41. Id.
42. U.S. CENSUS BUREAU, CENSUS 2000, available at http://www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html (last visited Feb. 3, 2009). The information provided does not exist specifically for South Los Angeles; however, the author has taken the information from the United States Census to create a specific regional breakdown based on calculations made from the information provided.
43. Id.
44. Id.
45. Id.
46. See Associated Press, supra note 21.
47. See Los Angeles Ordinance, supra note 8;
48. see also Press Release, supra note 14.
49. Los Angeles Ordinance, supra note 8.
50. Id.
51. Id.
52. Press Release, supra note 14.
53. See Los Angeles Ordinance, supra note 8;
54. see also Press Release, supra note 14.
55. Los Angeles Ordinance, supra note 8.
56. Id.
57. Id.
58. See Los Angeles Ordinance, supra note 8;
59. see also Press Release, supra note 14.
60. See, e.g., Severson, supra note 20, at F1.
61. Abdollah, supra note 29, at A1.
62. Severson, supra note 20, at F1.
63. U.S. CENSUS, supra note 39.
64. Severson, supra note 20, at F1.
65. Id.
66. Id.
67. Rick Orlov, Los Angeles Freezes Fast-Food Industry Moratorium: Council Limits the Popular Eateries in a 32-Square-Mile Area, DAILY NEWS OF LOS ANGELES, July 30, 2008, at A3.
68. Id.
69. Greg Beato, Don't Blame Fast Food: It Isn't McDonald's Fault You're Fat, CHI. SUN-TIMES, Dec. 16, 2007, at B3 ("Fast food makes such a savory scapegoat for our perpetual girth control failures that it's easy to forget we eat less than 20% of our meals at the Golden Arches and its ilk.").
70. Id.
71. Severson, supra note 20, at F1.
72. William Saleton, Food Apartheid, SLATE, July 31, 2008, available at http://www.slate.com/id/2196397/ (last visited Feb. 2, 2009).
73. Id.
74. Id.
75. Perry, supra note 14.
76. Saleton, supra note 66.
77. Associated Press, supra note 21.
78. Saleton, supra note 66.
79. U.S. CONST. amend. XIV, §1.
80. See generally id. amends. XIII, XIV, & XV.
81. Washington v. Davis, 426 U.S. 229, 239 (1976).
82. Brown v. Bd. of Educ. of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954).
83. ERWIN CHEMERINSKY, CONSTITUTIONAL LAW: PRINCIPLES AND POLICIES 668 (3d ed. 2006).
84. See id. at 671-72.
85. Id.
86. Id.
87. Id. at 683.
88. Washington, 426 U.S. at 239.
89. Id. at 241.
90. CHEMERINSKY, supra note 77, at 714.
91. Personnel Adm'r of Mass. v. Feeney, 442 U.S. 256, 279 (1979).
92. CHEMERINSKY, supra note 77, at 715.
93. Id. at 716.
94. Id. at 717.
95. Id. at 716 (discussing Castaneda v. Partida, 430 U.S. 482 (1977)).
96. See U.S. CENSUS, supra note 39.
97. Id.
98. Id.
99. CHEMERINSKY, supra note 77, at 717.
100. Id. at 678.
101. Id.
102. Lindsley v. Natural Carbonic Gas Co., 220 U.S. 61, 79 (1911).
103. CHEMERINSKY, supra note 77, at 717.
104. Id.
105. Id. at 694-95.
106. Id.
107. Id.
108. Gratz v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 244 (2003).
109. Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306 (2003).
110. Doe v. Gonzales, 546 U.S. 1301, 1305 (2005).
111. League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry, 548 U.S. 399, 406 (2006).
112. CHEMERINSKY, supra note 77, at 419.
113. Id.
114. Id.
115. Id.
116. Id.
117. Los Angeles Ordinance, supra note 8.
118. Id.
119. CHEMERINSKY, supra note 77, at 437.
120. Pike v. Bruce Church, Inc., 397 U.S. 137 (1970).
121. Id. at 142.
122. Id.
123. CHEMERINSKY, supra note 77, at 440.
124. Bendix Autolite Corp. v. Midwesco Enterprises, Inc., 486 U.S. 888, 897 (1988) (Scalia, J., concurring).
125. McDonalds.com, McDonald's Corporation, available at http://www.mcdonalds.com/corp/about.html (last visited Feb. 2, 2008).
126. CHEMERINSKY, supra note 77, at 439.
127. Pike, 397 U.S. at 142.
128. -303 U.S. 177, 182 (1938)
129. Id.
130. -359 U.S. 520 (1959).
131. Id. at 529 (emphasis added).